scholarly journals Quercetin with vitamin C and niacin does not affect body mass or composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Knab ◽  
R. Andrew Shanely ◽  
Fuxia Jin ◽  
Melanie D. Austin ◽  
Wei Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Obese Subjects

In vitro and animal data suggest that quercetin affects adipogenesis and basal metabolism; however, whether this metabolic effect translates to reductions in body mass or improvement in body composition in humans is unknown. This study investigated 12-week supplementation of 2 different doses of quercetin, combined with vitamin C and niacin, on body mass and composition in a large, heterogeneous group of adults (n = 941; 60% female, 40% male; 18–85 years of age; 45% normal body mass index, 30% overweight, 25% obese). Subjects were randomized into 3 groups, with supplements administered in double-blind fashion: Q500 = 500 mg quercetin·day–1, Q1000 = 1000 mg quercetin·day–1, and placebo. Quercetin supplements were consumed twice daily over a 12-week period, and pre- and poststudy body mass and composition measurements were taken in an overnight fasted state. A general linear model was used to predict change in body mass and composition across groups with adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors. Plasma quercetin increased in a dose-responsive manner in both Q500 and Q1000 groups relative to placebo. After adjustment for confounders, no significant differences in body mass (males interaction p value = 0.721, females p = 0.366) or body composition (males p = 0.650, females p = 0.639) were found between Q500 or Q1000 groups compared with placebo. No group differences in body mass or body composition were found in a subgroup of overweight and obese subjects. High-dose quercetin supplementation (500 and 1000 mg·day–1) for 12 weeks in a large, heterogeneous group of adults did not affect body mass or composition.

Cardioautonomic responses to acute ingestion of ice water and its correlation to body mass index

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Priya Arjunwadekar ◽  
Savitri Parvatgouda Siddanagoudra
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Background A significant relationship has been documented in the literature between the autonomic nervous system imbalance and cardiovascular mortality. In patients with autonomic failure, water ingestion has been shown to increase blood pressure (BP), induce bradycardia, and cause low heart rate variability (HRV). A few studies showed the altered HRV as an acute effect of ice water intake in healthy subjects. None of the studies have shown light on the relationship of BP and HRV to ice water intake in obese and overweight subjects. The present study is aimed to correlate BP and HRV with body mass index (BMI) after ice water ingestion. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 60 subjects of both sexes aged between 18 and 24 years old. Subjects were assigned into three groups based on their BMI: normal, overweight, and obese. Before and after ice water ingestion, BP and HRV parameters were recorded and compared between the groups. Statistically data were analyzed by Student’s paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Basal HF was significant (p<0.05) in all three groups after ice water ingestion [F(2, 27), 44.1; p-value, 0.02]. After ice water ingestion, all HRV values were significant (p<0.001) in the three groups. The post-hoc Tukey HSD test demonstrated the less mean score for mean RR interval, standard deviation of all NN interval, standard deviation of differences between adjacent, HF and high for HR, LF, and LHR in overweight and obese subjects. Conclusions Because of the effective buffering system, healthy subjects showed increased HR and unchanged BP. Overweight and obese subjects showed decreased HR and increased BP.

scholarly journals Early high-dose vitamin C in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (VITaCCA): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Rozemeijer ◽  
Harm-Jan de Grooth ◽  
Paul W. G. Elbers ◽  
Armand R. J. Girbes ◽  
Corstiaan A. den Uil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Lung Injury Score ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Search Trial ◽  
Intravenous Vitamin

Abstract Background High-dose intravenous vitamin C directly scavenges and decreases the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during ischemia/reperfusion after a cardiac arrest. The aim of this study is to investigate whether short-term treatment with a supplementary or very high-dose intravenous vitamin C reduces organ failure in post-cardiac arrest patients. Methods This is a double-blind, multi-center, randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in 7 intensive care units (ICUs) in The Netherlands. A total of 270 patients with cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation will be randomly assigned to three groups of 90 patients (1:1:1 ratio, stratified by site and age). Patients will intravenously receive a placebo, a supplementation dose of 3 g of vitamin C or a pharmacological dose of 10 g of vitamin C per day for 96 h. The primary endpoint is organ failure at 96 h as measured by the Resuscitation-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (R-SOFA) score at 96 h minus the baseline score (delta R-SOFA). Secondary endpoints are a neurological outcome, mortality, length of ICU and hospital stay, myocardial injury, vasopressor support, lung injury score, ventilator-free days, renal function, ICU-acquired weakness, delirium, oxidative stress parameters, and plasma vitamin C concentrations. Discussion Vitamin C supplementation is safe and preclinical studies have shown beneficial effects of high-dose IV vitamin C in cardiac arrest models. This is the first RCT to assess the clinical effect of intravenous vitamin C on organ dysfunction in critically ill patients after cardiac arrest. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03509662. Registered on April 26, 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03509662European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT): 2017-004318-25. Registered on June 8, 2018. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2017-004318-25/NL

scholarly journals A Single Administration of AZP-3601, a Novel, Long-Acting PTH Analog, Induces a Significant and Sustained Calcemic Response: Preliminary Data From a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A254-A254
Author(s):  
Soraya Allas ◽  
Michel Ovize ◽  
Michael D Culler ◽  
Clarisse Geraul ◽  
Jeroen van de Wetering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease characterized by a deficiency in parathyroid hormone (PTH) that results in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Current treatment approaches, including high dose oral calcium and active vitamin D, as well as recombinant human PTH (1–84), do not provide adequate or consistent control of either serum calcium or clinical symptoms over a full 24-hour period. AZP-3601 is a novel 36 amino-acid PTH analog that has been designed to potently bind to the R0 conformation of the PTH1 receptor, which results in prolonged signaling responses in vitro and prolonged calcemic responses in animals despite having a short circulating half-life. A Phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled, single and multiple ascending dose study is being conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of AZP-3601 in healthy adults. Here we report data from the first cohorts of the single ascending dose portion of the study. Sequential cohorts of 4 (cohort 1) to 8 (cohort 2 to 4) healthy male subjects aged 18–60 years, with a body mass index of 19–28 kg/m2, were assigned to receive 5, 10, 20 or 40μg of AZP-3601 or placebo at a ratio of 3:1. The study drug was administered in the morning by subcutaneous injection in the abdominal wall and was well tolerated with no remarkable adverse events. As compared with placebo controls, AZP-3601 treatment produced a clear, dose-dependent increase in mean albumin-adjusted serum calcium values from baseline. The normal physiological diurnal variation of albumin-adjusted serum calcium was gradually attenuated with 5 and 10μg AZP-3601, and was completely eliminated with 20μg. With the dose of 40μg AZP-3601, mean albumin-adjusted serum calcium values were significantly increased but stayed within normal laboratory range and remained elevated through at least 24 hours post-administration. We observed a dose-dependent decrease in mean endogenous serum PTH that was significantly correlated with the concomitant increase in mean serum calcium. These data provide initial evidence of the pharmacodynamic effect of AZP-3601 in healthy humans characterized by a sustained calcemic response for at least 24 hours following a single administration.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Kumpei Tanisawa ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Tomoko Ito ◽  
Satomi Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Introduction: This study aimed to clarify whether 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation has a direct effect on body composition and physical fitness in healthy adults. Methods: Ninety-five participants randomly received either 420 IU vitamin D3 per day (n = 48) or placebo (n = 47) in a double-blind manner for 1 year. Lean body mass and percentage body fat were determined. Physical fitness including hand grip strength, leg extension power and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations were assessed using ELISA kits. Results: Serum 25(OH)D and (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations significantly increased by approximately 11.2 ± 9.2 ng/mL (pinteraction <0.001)and 7.0 ± 7.8 pg/mL (pinteraction <0.001) after 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation respectively. Lean body mass significantly increased from 43.8 ± 9.6 to 44.3 ± 9.8 kg in vitamin D group, while no change was observed in placebo group (from 42.6 ± 8.9 to 42.4± 8.9 kg) after 1 year intervention. Furthermore, no treatment effects on other indicators of body composition and physical fitness were observed. Conclusions:One year of vitamin D supplementation effectively improves lean body mass, but not muscle strength and CRF in healthy adults.

The acute effects of a low and high dose of oral l-arginine supplementation in young active males at rest

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Gordon J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

l-arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid) is a conditionally essential amino acid. Intravenous (IV) administration of l-arginine invokes a large metabolic (nitrate/nitrite (NOx)) and hormonal (growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin) response; however, research examining oral l-arginine supplementation is conflicting, potentially owing to dose. The purpose of this study was examine a low and high dose of oral l-arginine on blood l-arginine, NOx, GH, IGF-1, and insulin response. Fourteen physically active males (age: 25 ± 5 years; weight: 78.0 ± 8.5 kg; height: 179.4 ± 4.7 cm) volunteered to be in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures study. Following an overnight fast, an IV catheter was placed in a forearm vein and a resting blood sample was drawn at ∼0800 hours. Each subject was then provided 1 of 3 treatment conditions (placebo, low (0.075 g·kg–1 of body mass), or high (0.15 g·kg–1 of body mass of l-arginine)). Blood samples were drawn at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after consumption. l-arginine plasma concentrations significantly increased (p < 0.001) to a similar level at any time point in both the low- and high-dose conditions; there was no change over time in the placebo condition. There was no significant difference between conditions for NOx, GH, IGF-1, or insulin. Based on these findings, a low dose of l-arginine was just as effective at increasing plasma l-arginine concentrations as a high dose; however, neither dose was able to promote a significant increase in NOx, GH, IGF-1, or insulin at rest.

Reduced thromboembolic events with DN-101 (high-dose calcitriol) treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer: Hypothesis for a new class of anticoagulants

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4505-4505 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Venner ◽  
C. Ryan ◽  
D. P. Petrylak ◽  
G. S. Chatta ◽  
J. Ruether ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Androgen Independent

4505 Background: Thromboembolic events (TEs) occur at an increased rate in patients with advanced malignancies including androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). DN-101, a new high-dose oral formulation of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), is the active form of Vitamin D and the natural ligand for the nuclear receptor VDR. Calcitriol upregulates thrombomodulin, a natural anticoagulant, and downregulates tissue factor, a procoagulant both in vitro and in vivo. Further, VDR knockout mice demonstrate increased susceptibility to thrombosis. ASCENT is a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 250 men with metastatic AIPC. Efficacy results have been previously reported (ASCO, 2005). Methods: 250 patients were randomized 1:1 to docetaxel 36 mg/m2 plus 45 μg DN-101 weekly or to the same docetaxel regimen plus placebo. In this exploratory analysis the incidence of TE (defined as deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and arterial thrombosis (AT)) in the two study groups was compared using the Fisher’s exact test. Results: There were fewer patients with serious adverse events (SAEs) in the DN-101 group than in the placebo group (27 % vs. 41%). As shown in the table , DN-101 treated patients experienced fewer TEs including fewer TE SAEs, Grade 3 or 4 TEs and all grade TEs. No imbalance in baseline use of anticoagulants was observed. Conclusions: The well-described effects of calcitriol on protein components of the coagulation cascade provide a biologic basis for the observed reduction in thromboembolic events in the DN-101 treated patients. This hypothesis should be tested prospectively in future studies of DN-101. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Testosterone replacement therapy of opioid-induced male hypogonadism improved body composition but not pain perception: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Henrik Bjarke Vaegter ◽  
Louise Lehmann Christensen ◽  
Emma Bendix ◽  
Thomas Graven-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Double Blind

Background Hypogonadism is prevalent during opioid treatment, but the effect of testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) on body composition, pain perception, and adrenal function is unclear. Purpose To measure changes in body composition, pain perception, quality of life, and adrenal function after TRT or placebo in opioid-treated men with chronic non-malignant pain. Methods Double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 41 men (>18 years) with total testosterone <12 nmol/L were randomized to 24 weeks TRT (Testosterone undecanoate injection three times/6 months, n = 20) or placebo (placebo-injections, n = 21). Outcomes Body composition (lean body mass and fat mass assessed by DXA), clinical pain intensity (numerical rating scale), and experimental pain perception (quantitative sensory assessment), quality of life (SF36), and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test. Data were presented as median (quartiles). Mann–Whitney tests were performed on delta values (24–0 weeks) between TRT and placebo. Results The median age was 55 years (46; 59) and total testosterone before intervention was 6.8 (5.0; 9.3) nmol/L. TRT was associated with change of testosterone levels: 12.3 (7.0; 19.9) nmol/L (P < 0.001 vs placebo), increased lean body mass: 3.6 (2.3; 5.0) kg vs 0.1 kg (−2.1; 1.5) during TRT vs placebo and decreased total fat mass: −1.2 (−3.1; 0.7) kg vs 1.2 kg (−0.9; 2.5) kg, both P < 0.003. Changed pain perception, SF36, and ACTH-stimulated cortisol levels were non-significantly changed during TRT compared with placebo. Conclusions Six months of TRT improved body composition in men with opioid-induced hypogonadism without significant changes in outcomes of pain perception, quality of life, or adrenal function.

scholarly journals Analyzing human knockouts to validate GPR151 as a therapeutic target for reduction of body mass index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Gurtan ◽  
John Dominy ◽  
Shareef Khalid ◽  
Linh Vong ◽  
Shari Caplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
P Value ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Chow

Novel drug targets for sustained reduction in body mass index (BMI) are needed to curb the epidemic of obesity, which affects 650 million individuals worldwide and is a causal driver of cardiovascular and metabolic disease and mortality. Previous studies reported that the Arg95Ter nonsense variant of GPR151, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is associated with reduced BMI and reduced risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Here, we follow up on GPR151 with the Pakistan Genome Resource (PGR), which is one of the largest exome biobanks of human homozygous loss-of-function carriers (knockouts) in the world. Among PGR participants, we identify 3 GPR151 putative loss-of-function (plof) variants (Arg95Ter, Tyr99Ter, and Phe175LeufsTer7) with a cumulative allele frequency of 2.2% and present at homozygosity. We confirm these alleles in vitro as loss-of-function. We test if GPR151 plof is associated with BMI, T2D, or other metabolic traits. GPR151 deficiency is not associated with a significant difference in BMI. Moreover, loss of GPR151 confers a nominally significant increase in risk of T2D (odds ratio = 1.2, p value = 0.03). Relative to wild-type mice, Gpr151-/- animals exhibit no difference in body weight on normal chow, and higher body weight on a high-fat diet, consistent with the findings in humans. Together, our findings indicate that GPR151 antagonism is not a compelling therapeutic approach for obesity.

scholarly journals Effect of Citrulline and Leucine Intake with Exercises on Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Amino Acid Concentration in Older Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3117
Author(s):  
Mijin Kim ◽  
Hiroko Isoda ◽  
Tomohiro Okura
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The combined intake of citrulline (CIT) and leucine (LEU) can stimulate protein synthesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of combined intake of CIT and LEU accompanied by exercise for 20 weeks on body composition, physical activity (PA), and amino acid concentrations in older Japanese women with low body mass index (BMI) (16 to 21 kg/m2) using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. The supplement was administered twice a day for 20 weeks (Ex (exercise) + CIT·LEU group, n = 10: mainly 0.8 g CIT and 1.6 g LEU; Ex + Placebo group, n = 13: mainly 3.5 g carbohydrate). Additionally, both groups exercised (weight-bearing exercise, square stepping exercise) once a week for 75 min. Body composition, PA, and amino acid concentrations in the plasma were measured. Body weight, BMI, body mass, household PA, total PA, and phenylalanine significantly increased in the Ex + CIT·LEU group (p < 0.05) post intervention. This study suggests that the combined intake of CIT and LEU accompanied by exercise can improve body weight, BMI, body mass, and PA in older women with low BMI, which may prevent sarcopenia and frailty.

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