Physical activity and abdominal obesity in youth

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
SoJung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Age Related

Childhood obesity continues to escalate despite considerable efforts to reverse the current trends. Childhood obesity is a leading public health concern because overweight–obese youth suffer from comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, conditions once considered limited to adults. This increasing prevalence of chronic health conditions in youth closely parallels the dramatic increase in obesity, in particular abdominal adiposity, in youth. Although mounting evidence in adults demonstrates the benefits of regular physical activity as a treatment strategy for abdominal obesity, the independent role of regular physical activity alone (e.g., without calorie restriction) on abdominal obesity, and in particular visceral fat, is largely unclear in youth. There is some evidence to suggest that, independent of sedentary activity levels (e.g., television watching or playing video games), engaging in higher-intensity physical activity is associated with a lower waist circumference and less visceral fat. Several randomized controlled studies have shown that aerobic types of exercise are protective against age-related increases in visceral adiposity in growing children and adolescents. However, evidence regarding the effect of resistance training alone as a strategy for the treatment of abdominal obesity is lacking and warrants further investigation.

Physical Activity Is Associated With Greater Visuospatial Cognitive Functioning Regardless of the Level of Cognitive Load in Elderly Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hao Wang ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Accuracy Performance ◽  
Different Levels

The study aimed to investigate the effects of regular physical activity on visuospatial cognition in elderly adults, and to further understand the potential neural mechanisms underpinning such effects. We assessed 24 physically active elderly adults and 24 sedentary counterparts using behavioral and neuroelectric measures during a visuospatial cognitive task with different levels of cognitive load. The results showed that the active group had higher behavioral accuracy along with greater P3 amplitudes, regardless of the level of cognitive load. Moreover, the correlation results revealed that physical activity levels were positively associated with accuracy performance in both conditions, while being correlated with frontal P3 amplitudes in the high cognitively demanding condition. However, no significant effects were observed in terms of P3 latency and contingent negative variation. These findings suggest that regular physical activity might be part of an effective lifestyle to attenuate the trajectory of age-related cognitive declines, thus increasing the likelihood of individuals becoming high-functioning older adults.

scholarly journals Reszinkronizációs készülékkel élő betegek fizikai aktivitásának összehasonlító vizsgálata telemetriás adatok alapján

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (19) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Melczer ◽  
László Melczer ◽  
Ilona Goják ◽  
Attila Kónyi ◽  
Sándor Szabados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Heart Patients ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Resynchronisation Therapy ◽  
6 Minute Walk Test ◽  
Activity Method

Abstract: Introduction: The effect of regular physical activity on health is widely recognized, but several studies have shown its key importance for heart patients. Aim: The present study aimed to define the PA % values, and to convert them into metabolic equivalent values (MET), which describes oxygen consumption during physical activity. Method: A total of seventeen patients with heart disease; 3 females and 14 males; age: 57.35 yrs ± 9.54; body mass 98.71 ± 9.89 kg; average BMI 36.69 ± 3.67 were recruited into the study. The measured values from Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy devices and outer accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+) were studied over a 7-day time period. Using the two sets of values describing physical performance, linear regression was calculated providing a mathematical equation, thus, the Physical Activity values in percentage were converted into MET values. Results: During the 6-minute walk test the patients achieved an average of 416.6 ± 48.2 m. During 6MWT the measured values averaged at 1.85 ± 0.18 MET’s, and MET values averaged at 1.12 ± 0.06 per week. It clearly shows that this test is a challenge for the patients compared to their daily regular physical activity levels. Conclusion: With our method, based on the values received from the physical activity sensor implanted into the resynchronisation devices, changes in patients’ health status could be monitored telemetrically with the assistance from the implanted electronic device. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(17): 748–753.

Association Between Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity and Gross Motor Coordination in Preschool Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Silva-Santos ◽  
Amanda Santos ◽  
Michael Duncan ◽  
Susana Vale ◽  
Jorge Mota
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Movement Assessment

Introduction: Adequate gross motor coordination is essential for children participating in age-related physical activities and has an important role in maintaining sufficient physical activity levels during the life course. Aim: To examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and gross motor coordination during sedentary behavior in early childhood (ages 3–6 y). Methods: The sample comprised 209 children aged 3–6 y. Gross motor coordination was assessed according to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2). The battery to assess gross motor coordination comprised the aiming and catching, and balance components. MVPA was measured by accelerometry worn for 7 consecutive days (Monday to Sunday). Results: Our data indicated that 31.5% of the sample had low, 32.5% medium, and 36.0% high gross motor coordination. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MVPA was positively associated with gross motor coordination, adjusted for gender and sedentary behavior. Conclusions: Preschoolers with high gross motor coordination spend more time in MVPA. Gross motor coordination development should therefore be a key strategy in childhood interventions aiming to promote physical activity.

scholarly journals Management of Childhood Obesity—Time to Shift from Generalized to Personalized Intervention Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Mohamad Motevalli ◽  
Clemens Drenowatz ◽  
Derrick R. Tanous ◽  
Naim Akhtar Khan ◽  
Katharina Wirnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Personalized Intervention

As a major public health concern, childhood obesity is a multifaceted and multilevel metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and behavioral aspects. While genetic risk factors contribute to and interact with the onset and development of excess body weight, available evidence indicates that several modifiable obesogenic behaviors play a crucial role in the etiology of childhood obesity. Although a variety of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of several interventions in community-based, school-based, and home-based programs regarding childhood obesity, the prevalence of children with excess body weight remains high. Additionally, researchers and pediatric clinicians are often encountering several challenges and the characteristics of an optimal weight management strategy remain controversial. Strategies involving a combination of physical activity, nutritional, and educational interventions are likely to yield better outcomes compared to single-component strategies but various prohibitory limitations have been reported in practice. This review seeks to (i) provide a brief overview of the current preventative and therapeutic approaches towards childhood obesity, (ii) discuss the complexity and limitations of research in the childhood obesity area, and (iii) suggest an Etiology-Based Personalized Intervention Strategy Targeting Childhood Obesity (EPISTCO). This purposeful approach includes prioritized nutritional, educational, behavioral, and physical activity intervention strategies directly based on the etiology of obesity and interpretation of individual characteristics.

Inter-individual and seasonal weight variation in rural Nepali women

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Panter-Brick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Age Related

SummaryChanges in body weight were examined for non-pregnant women in rural Nepal, using 183 anthropometric measures between the early winter and monsoon seasons in 1982, 1982–83, 1990–91 and 1993. The women gained weight when work loads decreased after the monsoon, but despite substantial changes in total energy expenditure, which were out of phase with changes in food intake, seasonal changes were small, averaging only up to 2.6% of initial body weight.There were notable differences between individual women, changes in body weight ranging from-5·6 kg to 4·8 kg. Weight change was examined with respect to lactation status, age, body mass index, mid upper arm circumference and skinfolds as well as total energy expenditure and intake. Non-lactating women, very thin women and women aged under 25 years gained more weight than their counterparts, both before and after the monsoon. Data for a sub-sample in 1982–83 indicated that women who maintained high physical activity levels throughout the year were less prone to weight loss than women whose activity fluctuated between seasons. Initial energy reserves, age-related maturation factors, levels of physical activity and energy intake combine to produce the notable inter-individual variation in body weight changes observed in this population.

scholarly journals Objectively Quantified Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Predicting Visceral Adiposity and Liver Fat

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E. Keating ◽  
Helen M. Parker ◽  
Toby G. Pavey ◽  
Michael K. Baker ◽  
Ian D. Caterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Objective. Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and self-reported physical activity levels. However, subjective measurements can be inaccurate and prone to reporter bias. We investigated whether objectively quantified physical activity levels predicted liver fat and VAT in overweight/obese adults.Methods. Habitual physical activity was measured by triaxial accelerometry for four days (n=82). Time spent in sedentary behavior (MET < 1.6) and light (MET 1.6 < 3), moderate (MET 3 < 6), and vigorous (MET 6 < 9) physical activity was quantified. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were used to quantify visceral and liver fat. Bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed.Results. There were no associations between physical activity or sedentary behavior and liver lipid. Sedentary behavior and moderate and vigorous physical activity accounted for just 3% of variance for VAT (p=0.14) and 0.003% for liver fat (p=0.96). Higher levels of VAT were associated with time spent in moderate activity (r=0.294,p=0.007), but there was no association with sedentary behavior. Known risk factors for obesity-related NAFLD accounted for 62% and 40% of variance in VAT and liver fat, respectively (p<0.01).Conclusion. Objectively measured levels of habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior did not influence VAT or liver fat.

scholarly journals Impact of a one-year lifestyle modification program on cholesterol efflux capacities in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. E460-E468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Boyer ◽  
Patricia L. Mitchell ◽  
Paul Poirier ◽  
Natalie Alméras ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Lifestyle Modification Program

Cholesterol efflux capacities (CECs) are negatively associated with cardiovascular disease risk, irrespective of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Whether interventions targeting lifestyle improve HDL-CECs is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether improving dietary quality and increasing physical activity levels improves HDL-CECs in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. Our study sample included men (48 ± 8.5 yr) with an elevated waist circumference (≥90 cm) associated with dyslipidemia (triglycerides ≥1.69 and/or HDL cholesterol <1.03 mmol/l); 113 men completed a 1-yr intervention, consisting of a healthy eating and physical activity/exercise program, and 32 were included in a control group. An oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) was performed in a subsample of 28 men who completed the intervention, and blood was collected every 2 h for 8 h. HDL-CECs were measured using [3H]cholesterol-labeled J774 macrophages and HepG2 hepatocytes. The lifestyle modification program led to an overall improvement in the cardiometabolic risk profile, increases in J774-HDL-CEC by 14.1% (+0.88 ± 1.09%, P < 0.0001), HepG2-HDL-CEC by 3.4% (+0.17 ± 0.75%, P = 0.01), and HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 levels (13.5%, P < 0.0001 and 14.9%, P < 0.0001, respectively). J774-HDL-CECs and HepG2-HDL-CECs did not change in the control group. The best predictor for changes in HDL-CEC was apolipoprotein A-1 level. The lifestyle modification program also improved HDL-CEC response in postprandial lipemia during an OLTT. HDL-CEC did not change during the OLTT. Our results suggest that increasing physical activity levels and improving diet quality can have a positive impact on both HDL quantity and quality in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Levels and Mood State during COVID-19 Quarantine among the Kermanshah Population: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azizi ◽  
Alireza Aghababa ◽  
Rastegar Hoseini ◽  
Hadi Rohani ◽  
Maghsoud Nabilpoor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Background One of the most important consequences of COVID-19 pandemic is anxiety and stress in the general population that can be reduced by regular physical activity. The aim of this study was to estimate the physical activity levels and mood state during covid-19 quarantine among the Kermanshah population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, using the purposeful random sampling method, a total of 2471 subjects ((male (n = 1256) and female (n = 1215)) were selected. To assess the physical activity level from physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF) and mood state was measured by the abbreviated form of the Iranian version of the standard POMS questionnaire (Bill Morgan 1979). The descriptive statistic method (mean, standard deviation, and percent), deductive (Chi- square and Spearman's correlation) were used for analyzing the data. Results The results showed that a significant difference was observed between the number of sessions (P = 0.001), intensity (P = 0.001), and duration of exercise (P = 0.001) before and during coronavirus. There are significant positive relationships between low (r = 0.93; P = 0.001) and high (r = 0.673; P = 0.034) levels of physical activity and negative mood state, and a positive relationship between moderate physical activity level (r = 0.82; P = 0.001) and positive mood state. Conclusions It could be determined that the current quarantine has negatively affected the mood state. In general, to prevent COVID-19, regular physical activity is recommended under the health and safety protocols.

Sports injuries in older people

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Speed
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Exercise Medicine ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Age Related Changes

A generally enhanced health status in an increasingly ageing population allows many to maintain high physical activity levels, and competitive masters and seniors events are becoming progressively more popular. This, together with the recognition of the importance of exercise to mitigate or even reverse many age-related changes, means that the physician in sport and exercise medicine requires a high index of awareness of the specific issues that arise in relation to sporting injury in the ageing individual. These issues include not only recognition and management of sports injuries ...

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Sport and Physical Education in Northern Ireland School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6849
Author(s):  
Sinead Connolly ◽  
Angela Carlin ◽  
Anne Johnston ◽  
Catherine Woods ◽  
Cormac Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Primary Pupils

Internationally, insufficient physical activity (PA) is a major health concern. Children in Northern Ireland (NI) are recorded as having the lowest levels of PA in the United Kingdom (UK). To date, validated and representative data on the PA levels of NI school children are limited. The aim of this study was to provide surveillance data on self-reported PA, sport and physical education (PE) participation of school children in NI. Differences between genders and factors associated with PA were also examined. A representative sample of primary (n = 446) and post-primary (n = 1508) children was surveyed in school using validated self-report measures. Findings suggest that PA levels are low, with a minority of children (13%) meeting the PA guidelines (primary pupils 20%, post-primary pupils 11%). NI school children have lower levels of PA, PE and sports participation than UK and European peers. A trend of age-related decline across all the domains of PA was apparent. The data presented highlighted that females are less likely to achieve PA guidelines, children from lower socio-economic background participate in school and community sport less often, and that enjoyment and social support are important variables in PA adherence. Policy solutions that would support implementation e.g., mandatory minimum PE time, whole school approaches to PA promotion and targeted investment in schools, particularly in areas of deprivation and for females, are suggested.

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