High-intensity aerobic interval training increases fat and carbohydrate metabolic capacities in human skeletal muscle

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G.R. Perry ◽  
George J.F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Arend Bonen ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training

High-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) is a compromise between time-consuming moderate-intensity training and sprint-interval training requiring all-out efforts. However, there are few data regarding the ability of HIIT to increase the capacities of fat and carbohydrate oxidation in skeletal muscle. Using untrained recreationally active individuals, we investigated skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolic adaptations that occurred following 6 weeks of HIIT (~1 h of 10 × 4 min intervals at ~90% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), separated by 2 min rest, 3 d·week–1). A VO2 peak test, a test to exhaustion (TE) at 90% of pre-training VO2 peak, and a 1 h cycle at 60% of pre-training VO2 peak were performed pre- and post-HIIT. Muscle biopsies were sampled during the TE at rest, after 5 min, and at exhaustion. Training power output increased by 21%, and VO2 peak increased by 9% following HIIT. Muscle adaptations at rest included the following: (i) increased cytochrome c oxidase IV content (18%) and maximal activities of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase (26%), β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (29%), aspartate-amino transferase (26%), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH; 21%); (ii) increased FAT/CD36, FABPpm, GLUT 4, and MCT 1 and 4 transport proteins (14%–30%); and (iii) increased glycogen content (59%). Major adaptations during exercise included the following: (i) reduced glycogenolysis, lactate accumulation, and substrate phosphorylation (0–5 min of TE); (ii) unchanged PDH activation (carbohydrate oxidation; 0–5 min of TE); (iii) ~2-fold greater time during the TE; and (iv) increased fat oxidation at 60% of pre-training VO2 peak. This study demonstrated that 18 h of repeated high-intensity exercise sessions over 6 weeks (3 d·week–1) is a powerful method to increase whole-body and skeletal muscle capacities to oxidize fat and carbohydrate in previously untrained individuals.

High-intensity interval training increases SIRT1 activity in human skeletal muscle

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon J. Gurd ◽  
Christopher G.R. Perry ◽  
George J.F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet ◽  
Arend Bonen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The effects of training on silent mating-type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) activity and protein in relationship to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial content were determined in human skeletal muscle. Six weeks of high-intensity interval training (∼1 h of 10 × 4 min intervals at 90% peak oxygen consumption separated by 2 min rest, 3 days per week) increased maximal activities of mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle by 28% to 36% (citrate synthase, β-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV) and PGC-1α protein (16%) when measured 4 days after training. Interestingly, total muscle SIRT1 activity (31%) and activity per SIRT1 protein (58%) increased despite decreased SIRT1 protein (20%). The present data demonstrate that exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis is accompanied by elevated SIRT1 activity in human skeletal muscle.

Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Talanian ◽  
Stuart D. R. Galloway ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Arend Bonen ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training ◽  
Before And After

Our aim was to examine the effects of seven high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) sessions over 2 wk on skeletal muscle fuel content, mitochondrial enzyme activities, fatty acid transport proteins, peak O2 consumption (V̇o2 peak), and whole body metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular responses to exercise. Eight women (22.1 ± 0.2 yr old, 65.0 ± 2.2 kg body wt, 2.36 ± 0.24 l/min V̇o2 peak) performed a V̇o2 peak test and a 60-min cycling trial at ∼60% V̇o2 peak before and after training. Each session consisted of ten 4-min bouts at ∼90% V̇o2 peak with 2 min of rest between intervals. Training increased V̇o2 peak by 13%. After HIIT, plasma epinephrine and heart rate were lower during the final 30 min of the 60-min cycling trial at ∼60% pretraining V̇o2 peak. Exercise whole body fat oxidation increased by 36% (from 15.0 ± 2.4 to 20.4 ± 2.5 g) after HIIT. Resting muscle glycogen and triacylglycerol contents were unaffected by HIIT, but net glycogen use was reduced during the posttraining 60-min cycling trial. HIIT significantly increased muscle mitochondrial β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (15.44 ± 1.57 and 20.35 ± 1.40 mmol·min−1·kg wet mass−1 before and after training, respectively) and citrate synthase (24.45 ± 1.89 and 29.31 ± 1.64 mmol·min−1·kg wet mass−1 before and after training, respectively) maximal activities by 32% and 20%, while cytoplasmic hormone-sensitive lipase protein content was not significantly increased. Total muscle plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein content increased significantly (25%), whereas fatty acid translocase/CD36 content was unaffected after HIIT. In summary, seven sessions of HIIT over 2 wk induced marked increases in whole body and skeletal muscle capacity for fatty acid oxidation during exercise in moderately active women.

scholarly journals Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. e2941-e2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Ryan ◽  
Michael W Schleh ◽  
Cheehoon Ahn ◽  
Alison C Ludzki ◽  
Jenna B Gillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Objective We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin sensitivity and other important metabolic adaptations in adults with obesity. Methods Thirty-one inactive adults with obesity (age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index: 33 ± 3 kg/m2) completed 12 weeks (4 sessions/week) of either HIIT (10 × 1-minute at 90%HRmax, 1-minute active recovery; n = 16) or MICT (45 minutes at 70%HRmax; n = 15). To assess the direct effects of exercise independent of weight/fat loss, participants were required to maintain body mass. Results Training increased peak oxygen uptake by ~10% in both HIIT and MICT (P < 0.0001), and body weight/fat mass were unchanged. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) was ~20% greater the day after the final exercise session compared to pretraining (P < 0.01), with no difference between HIIT and MICT. When trained participants abstained from exercise for 4 days, insulin sensitivity returned to pretraining levels in both groups. HIIT and MICT also induced similar increases in abundance of many skeletal muscle proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Training-induced alterations in muscle lipid profile were also similar between groups. Conclusion Despite large differences in training intensity and exercise time, 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT induce similar acute improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity the day after exercise, and similar longer term metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle in adults with obesity. These findings support the notion that the insulin-sensitizing effects of both HIIT and MICT are mediated by factors stemming from the most recent exercise session(s) rather than adaptations that accrue with training.

scholarly journals High-intensity interval training and calorie restriction promote remodeling of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. E243-E256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. H. Davis ◽  
Jacob E. Halbrooks ◽  
Emily E. Watkins ◽  
Gordon Fisher ◽  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and rescue CR-mediated reductions in EE to a greater extent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIT). Thirty-two 5-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on ad libitum HFD for 11 wk, followed by randomization to one of four groups ( n = 8/group) for an additional 15 wk: 1) CON (remain on HFD), 2) CR (25% lower energy intake), 3) CR + HIIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through HIIT), and 4) CR + MIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through MIT). Markers of adipose thermogenesis ( Ucp1, Prdm16, Dio2, and Fgf21) were unchanged in either exercise group in inguinal or epididymal WAT, whereas CR + HIIT decreased Ucp1 expression in retroperitoneal WAT and brown adipose tissue. HIIT rescued CR-mediated reductions in lean body mass (LBM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), and both were associated with improvements in glucose/insulin tolerance. Improvements in glucose metabolism in the CR + HIIT group appear to be linked to a molecular signature that enhances glucose and lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Exercise performed at either moderate or high intensity does not increase markers of adipose thermogenesis when performed in the presence of CR but remodels skeletal muscle metabolic and thermogenic capacity.

scholarly journals PO-030 Oxidative phosphorylation in response to high intensity interval training

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Laskowski ◽  
Sylwester Kujach ◽  
Damian Flis ◽  
Maciej Chroboczek ◽  
Piotr Wąż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Respiratory Chain Complexes ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Objective The aim of our study was to investigate  the adaptive effect of six sessions of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in the amount and activity of mitochondrial enzymes. Methods Twenty seven students (age 21.2±0.9) were assigned to HIIT (n=10) and control (CON, n=17) group and performed six training sessions for 14 days:  6 × 90 s intervals at 80% maximal aerobic power (MAP) output separated by 180 s rest. Pre and post interventions anthropometric measurements, maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and 3-HydroxyacylCoA (HADH) was determined in muscle samples. The effect of HIIT on proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the skeletal muscle was used via proteomic analysis’s. We took into consideration 89 identified subunits from the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and the ATP synthase complex. For these proteomic tests a muscle biopsy samples from the three representative participants HIIT and three CON before and after training were collected.  Results Training induced the moderate and large effects in maximal enzymes activities CS and HADH. The HIIT caused the increase of level proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions HIIT can be an optimal strategy for the prevention of certain civilization diseases or for the rehabilitation of diseases, especially cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Physical Function, Prevents Muscle Loss, and Modulates Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle of Cerebral Ischemic Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Lu Luo ◽  
Meixi Liu ◽  
Hongyu Xie ◽  
Yunhui Fan ◽  
Jingjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Although skeletal muscle is the main effector organ largely accounting for disability after stroke, considerably less attention is paid to the secondary abnormalities of stroke-related skeletal muscle loss. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of muscle atrophy after stroke and further develop effective rehabilitation strategy. Here, we evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD) on physical function, muscle mass, and stroke-related gene expression profile of skeletal muscle. After the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was successfully made, the blood lactate threshold corresponding speed ( S LT ) and maximum speed ( S max ) were measured. Different intensity training protocols ( MOD < S LT ; S LT < HIIT < S max ) were carried out for 3 weeks beginning at 7 days after MCAO in the MOD and HIIT groups, respectively. We found that both HIIT and MOD prevented stroke-related gastrocnemius muscle mass loss in MCAO mice. HIIT was more beneficial than MOD for improvements in muscle strength, motor coordination, walking competency, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Furthermore, HIIT was superior to MOD in terms of reducing lipid accumulation, levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in paretic gastrocnemius, and improving peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, level of IL-10. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes among HIIT, MOD, and MCAO groups were highly associated with signaling pathways involved in inflammatory response, more specifically the I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. Following the outcome, we further investigated the infiltrating immune cells abundant in paretic muscles. The results showed that HIIT modulated macrophage activation by downregulating CD86+ (M1 type) macrophages and upregulating CD163+ (M2 type) macrophages via inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway and exerting an anti-inflammatory effect in paretic skeletal muscle. It is expected that these data will provide novel insights into the mechanisms and potential targets underlying muscle wasting in stroke.

290-OR: High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Induce Similar Modifications to Factors Regulating Skeletal Muscle Lipolysis

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 290-OR
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽  
MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽  
PALLAVI VARSHNEY ◽  
ALISON LUDZKI ◽  
JENNA B. GILLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Changes in the Paradigm of Traditional Exercise in Obesity Therapy and Application of a New Exercise Modality: A Narrative Review Article

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun-Young PARK ◽  
Won-Sang JUNG ◽  
Jisu KIM ◽  
Hyejung HWANG ◽  
Kiwon LIM
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

Background: Obesity is recognized as an important global health problem that increases the risk of all-cause death. It is a major risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Methods: We conducted this review through searching the related literature plus internet links. Results: Recently, many researchers have been applying various efficient alternative exercise paradigms for treating obesity, such as high-intensity interval training, whole-body vibration training, and hypoxic therapy. Compared with moderate-intensity continuous training, high-intensity interval training involves a shorter exercise time but higher energy expenditure and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption via a higher exercise intensity and is effective for treating obesity. Whole-body vibration training effectively reduces the rate of fat production and accumulation through passive vibration of the whole body and improving the body composition, muscle function, and cardiovascular function of the obese population. Hypoxic therapy has been reported to improve obesity and obesity-related diseases through appetite loss, reduced dietary intake, increased energy consumption, improved glycogen storage and fatty acid oxidation, angiogenesis and left ventricle remodeling, decreased mechanical load, and reduced sarcopenia progression due to aging. Conclusion: The new therapeutic exercise modalities, namely, high-intensity interval training, whole-body vibration training, and hypoxic therapy, are practical, useful, and effective for improving obesity and various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases induced by obesity.

scholarly journals PL-001 Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Muscle Capillarisation and eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase Protein Ratio in Obese Individuals with Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Scott ◽  
Sam Shepherd ◽  
Jay Wright ◽  
Robert Copper ◽  
Anton Wagenmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Home Based ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Objective Obesity and inactivity lead to structural and functional muscle microvascular impairments associated with development of chronic disease. This study is the first to investigate the effect of a novel home-based high-intensity interval training (HIT) (Home-HT) intervention in obese individuals with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk on capillarisation and muscle microvascular eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase ratio. Comparisons were made with home-based moderate-intensity continuous training (Home-MICT) and supervised laboratory-based low-volume HIT (Lab-HIT) as control groups. Methods Thirty-two sedentary obese adults (age 36±2 years; BMI 34.3±0.8 kg∙m-2; O2peak24.6±1.0 ml∙kg-1∙min-1) were allocated to 12 weeks of Home-HIT (n=9), Home-MICT (n=13) or Lab-HIT (n=10). Muscle biopsies were taken pre- and post-training to assess specifically in the endothelial layer of muscle arterioles and capillaries the protein content of eNOS, serine1177phosphorylated eNOS, NOX2 and p47phox, and various capillarisation measures using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Results All interventions induced comparable increases in total eNOS content in terminal arterioles and capillaries (P<0.001). There was no change in ser1177phosphorylated eNOS (arterioles P=0.802; capillaries P=0.311), but eNOS ser1177/eNOS ratio significantly decreased following training in arterioles and capillaries (P<0.001). Training decreased NOX2 content (arterioles P<0.001; capillaries P<0.001), but there was no change in p47phoxcontent (arterioles P=0.101; capillaries P=0.345). All measures of capillarisation increased (P<0.05). These adaptations occurred alongside increased O2peak(P<0.001) and whole-body insulin sensitivity (P=0.033). There were no significant differences between training programmes. Conclusions The training effects of Home-HIT on skeletal muscle microvascular adaptations are comparable to those of traditional training methods, with the advantage that Home-HIT reduces barriers to exercise in obese individuals with elevated CVD risk.

scholarly journals Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento interválico aeróbico de alta intensidad en población escolar femenina con sobrepeso u obesidad (Effect of a high intensity aerobic interval training program on an overweight or obese female school population)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 453-458
Author(s):  
Albeiro Antonio Dávila Grisalez ◽  
César Augusto Mazuera Quiceno ◽  
Anggy Lorena Carreño Herrera ◽  
José Leandro Henao Corrales
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

El presente estudio de alcance explicativo, realizado bajo un diseño cuasiexperimental de preprueba-posprueba y grupo control, determinó el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento interválico aeróbico de alta intensidad (HIIT) que utilizó juegos motores y circuitos sociomotrices, durante 16 semanas (tres sesiones semanales) para el incremento del consumo de oxígeno pico (VO2pico) y disminución del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa (%GC) en niñas con sobrepeso u obesidad de 10 y 11 años de la sede Marino Dávalos de la Institución Educativa Moderna de Tuluá, distribuidas en dos grupos, experimental (n=8) y control (n=8). Entre los resultados más importantes, se destaca el aumento del VO2pico en 3.6 ml/kg/min, la disminución del IMC en 1.62 y del %GC donde se apreció una disminución del 3.72% en el grupo experimental; mientras que en el grupo control, no se observaron modificaciones estadísticamente significativas; concluyendo el estudio que el programa HIIT que utilizó como medio los juegos motores y circuitos sociomotrices, presentó efectos significativos en el incremento del VO2pico y disminución del IMC y el %GC de las niñas con sobrepeso u obesidad, validando de esta manera la hipótesis de investigación, con niveles de significancia estadística (p< .05) para la prueba de muestras relacionadas (p= .000 para el VO2pico, p=.000 para %GC y p=.000 para IMC). Abstract. The present explanatory scope study, carried out under a quasi-experimental design of pretest-posttest and control group, determined the effect of a high intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) program that used motor games and sociomotor circuits, for 16 weeks (three sessions weekly) for the increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and decrease in body mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat (% GC) in overweight or obese girls of 10 and 11 years of age from the Marino Dávalos headquarters of the Institution Educativa Moderna de Tuluá, divided into two groups, experimental (n = 8) and control (n = 8). Among the most important results, the increase in VO2peak by 3.6 ml/kg/min, the decrease in BMI by 1.62 and the% GC where a decrease of 3.72% was observed in the experimental group stand out; while in the control group, no statistically significant changes were observed; The study concluded that the HIIT program that used motor games and sociomotor circuits as a means, presented significant effects in the increase of the VO2peak and decrease of the BMI and the% GC of the girls with overweight or obesity, thus validating the research hypothesis. , with levels of statistical significance (p <.05) for the test of related samples (p = .000 for VO2peak, p = .000 for % GC and p = .000 for BMI).

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