scholarly journals High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Physical Function, Prevents Muscle Loss, and Modulates Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle of Cerebral Ischemic Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Lu Luo ◽  
Meixi Liu ◽  
Hongyu Xie ◽  
Yunhui Fan ◽  
Jingjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Although skeletal muscle is the main effector organ largely accounting for disability after stroke, considerably less attention is paid to the secondary abnormalities of stroke-related skeletal muscle loss. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of muscle atrophy after stroke and further develop effective rehabilitation strategy. Here, we evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD) on physical function, muscle mass, and stroke-related gene expression profile of skeletal muscle. After the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was successfully made, the blood lactate threshold corresponding speed ( S LT ) and maximum speed ( S max ) were measured. Different intensity training protocols ( MOD < S LT ; S LT < HIIT < S max ) were carried out for 3 weeks beginning at 7 days after MCAO in the MOD and HIIT groups, respectively. We found that both HIIT and MOD prevented stroke-related gastrocnemius muscle mass loss in MCAO mice. HIIT was more beneficial than MOD for improvements in muscle strength, motor coordination, walking competency, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Furthermore, HIIT was superior to MOD in terms of reducing lipid accumulation, levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in paretic gastrocnemius, and improving peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, level of IL-10. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes among HIIT, MOD, and MCAO groups were highly associated with signaling pathways involved in inflammatory response, more specifically the I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. Following the outcome, we further investigated the infiltrating immune cells abundant in paretic muscles. The results showed that HIIT modulated macrophage activation by downregulating CD86+ (M1 type) macrophages and upregulating CD163+ (M2 type) macrophages via inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway and exerting an anti-inflammatory effect in paretic skeletal muscle. It is expected that these data will provide novel insights into the mechanisms and potential targets underlying muscle wasting in stroke.

scholarly journals Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. e2941-e2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Ryan ◽  
Michael W Schleh ◽  
Cheehoon Ahn ◽  
Alison C Ludzki ◽  
Jenna B Gillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Objective We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin sensitivity and other important metabolic adaptations in adults with obesity. Methods Thirty-one inactive adults with obesity (age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index: 33 ± 3 kg/m2) completed 12 weeks (4 sessions/week) of either HIIT (10 × 1-minute at 90%HRmax, 1-minute active recovery; n = 16) or MICT (45 minutes at 70%HRmax; n = 15). To assess the direct effects of exercise independent of weight/fat loss, participants were required to maintain body mass. Results Training increased peak oxygen uptake by ~10% in both HIIT and MICT (P &lt; 0.0001), and body weight/fat mass were unchanged. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) was ~20% greater the day after the final exercise session compared to pretraining (P &lt; 0.01), with no difference between HIIT and MICT. When trained participants abstained from exercise for 4 days, insulin sensitivity returned to pretraining levels in both groups. HIIT and MICT also induced similar increases in abundance of many skeletal muscle proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Training-induced alterations in muscle lipid profile were also similar between groups. Conclusion Despite large differences in training intensity and exercise time, 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT induce similar acute improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity the day after exercise, and similar longer term metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle in adults with obesity. These findings support the notion that the insulin-sensitizing effects of both HIIT and MICT are mediated by factors stemming from the most recent exercise session(s) rather than adaptations that accrue with training.

scholarly journals High-intensity interval training and calorie restriction promote remodeling of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. E243-E256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. H. Davis ◽  
Jacob E. Halbrooks ◽  
Emily E. Watkins ◽  
Gordon Fisher ◽  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and rescue CR-mediated reductions in EE to a greater extent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIT). Thirty-two 5-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on ad libitum HFD for 11 wk, followed by randomization to one of four groups ( n = 8/group) for an additional 15 wk: 1) CON (remain on HFD), 2) CR (25% lower energy intake), 3) CR + HIIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through HIIT), and 4) CR + MIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through MIT). Markers of adipose thermogenesis ( Ucp1, Prdm16, Dio2, and Fgf21) were unchanged in either exercise group in inguinal or epididymal WAT, whereas CR + HIIT decreased Ucp1 expression in retroperitoneal WAT and brown adipose tissue. HIIT rescued CR-mediated reductions in lean body mass (LBM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), and both were associated with improvements in glucose/insulin tolerance. Improvements in glucose metabolism in the CR + HIIT group appear to be linked to a molecular signature that enhances glucose and lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Exercise performed at either moderate or high intensity does not increase markers of adipose thermogenesis when performed in the presence of CR but remodels skeletal muscle metabolic and thermogenic capacity.

290-OR: High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Induce Similar Modifications to Factors Regulating Skeletal Muscle Lipolysis

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 290-OR
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽  
MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽  
PALLAVI VARSHNEY ◽  
ALISON LUDZKI ◽  
JENNA B. GILLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Short-term high-intensity interval training improves phosphocreatine recovery kinetics following moderate-intensity exercise in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Forbes ◽  
Jill M. Slade ◽  
Ronald A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Previous studies have shown that high-intensity training improves biochemical markers of oxidative potential in skeletal muscle within a 2-week period. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term high-intensity interval training on the time constant (τ) of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery following moderate-intensity exercise, an in vivo measure of functional oxidative capacity. Seven healthy active subjects (age, 21 ± 4 years; body mass, 69 ± 11 kg) performed 6 sessions of 4–6 maximal-effort 30 s cycling intervals within a 2-week period, and 7 subjects (age, 24 ± 5 years; body mass, 80 ± 15 kg) served as controls. Prior to and following training, phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS; GE 3T Excite System) was used to measure relative changes in high-energy phosphates and intracellular pH of the quadriceps muscles during gated dynamic leg-extension exercise (3 cycles of 90 s exercise and 5 min of rest). A monoexponential model was used to estimate the τ of PCr recovery. The τ of PCr recovery after leg-extension exercise was reduced by 14% with high-intensity interval training (pretraining, 43 ± 14 s vs. post-training, 37 ± 15 s; p < 0.05) with no change in the control group (44 ± 12 s vs. 43 ± 12 s, respectively; p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that short-term high-intensity interval training is an effective means of increasing functional oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals One-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Increases Hippocampal Plasticity and Mitochondrial Content without Changes in Redox State

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathas Rodrigo dos Santos ◽  
Mariza Bortolanza ◽  
Gustavo Duarte Ferrari ◽  
Guilherme Pauperio Lanfredi ◽  
Glauce Crivelaro do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Evidence suggests that physical exercise has effects on neuronal plasticity as well as overall brain health. This effect has been linked to exercise capacity in modulating the antioxidant status, when the oxidative stress is usually linked to the neuronal damage. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is the training-trend worldwide, its effect on brain function is still unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the neuroplasticity, mitochondrial, and redox status after one-week HIIT training. Male (C57Bl/6) mice were assigned to non-trained or HIIT groups. The HIIT protocol consisted of three days with short bouts at 130% of maximum speed (Vmax), intercalated with moderate-intensity continuous exercise sessions of 30 min at 60% Vmax. The mass spectrometry analyses showed that one-week of HIIT increased minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2), brain derived neutrophic factor (BDNF), doublecortin (DCX) and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC), and decreased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD 2) in the hippocampus. In addition, one-week of HIIT promoted no changes in H2O2 production and carbonylated protein concentration in the hippocampus as well as in superoxide anion production in the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, our one-week HIIT protocol increased neuroplasticity and mitochondrial content regardless of changes in redox status, adding new insights into the neuronal modulation induced by new training models.

scholarly journals Preliminary safety analysis of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in persons with chronic stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Carl ◽  
Pierce Boyne ◽  
Bradley Rockwell ◽  
Myron Gerson ◽  
Jane Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Fall Protection ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The purpose of this study was to assess safety via electrocardiographic (ECG), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and orthopedic responses to 3 different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols in persons with stroke. Eighteen participants (10 male; 61.9 + 8.3 years of age; 5.8 + 4.2 years poststroke) completed a symptom-limited graded exercise test (GXT) with ECG monitoring to screen for eligibility and determine HR peak. The 3 HIIT protocols involved repeated 30 s bursts of treadmill walking at maximum speed alternated with rest periods of 30 s (P30), 1 min (P60), or 2 min (P120). Sessions were performed in random order and included 5 min warm up, 20 min HIIT, and 5 min cool down. Variables measured included ECG activity, BP, HR, signs and symptoms of cardiovascular intolerance, and orthopedic concerns. Generalized linear mixed models and Tukey–Kramer adjustment were used to compare protocols using p < 0.05. No signs or symptoms of cardiovascular intolerance, significant arrhythmias, ST segment changes, or orthopedic responses resulted in early termination of any HIIT session. HIIT elicited HRs in excess of 88% of measured HRpeak including 6 (P30), 8 (P60), and 2 (P120) participants eliciting a HR response above their GXT HRpeak. Both maximum BP and HR were significantly higher in P30 and P60 relative to P120. Preliminary data indicate that persons with chronic stroke who have been prescreened with an ECG stress test, a symptom-limited GXT, and a harness for fall protection may safely participate in HIIT, generating substantially higher HRs than what is seen in traditional moderate intensity training.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document