Adding carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts postprandial lipemia in women and reduces meal-derived fatty acids in systemic circulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas D. Knuth ◽  
David B. Remias ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fat Meal

The lipemic response to a meal is an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding carbohydrate (CHO) to a fat meal on the bioavailability of ingested fat in different blood lipid fractions in men and women. On two separate occasions, 18 healthy adults (9 women, 9 men) ate either a high-fat meal (0.7 grams fat per kilogram) (FAT), or the same meal with added CHO (1 gram CHO per kilogram) (FAT+CHO) in the morning after a 12 h fast. Both meals were supplemented with [13C]-palmitate (25 mg·kg–1). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), fatty acids, insulin, and glucose were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 0 to 8 h after the meal. In addition, we measured TG concentrations in chylomicron (CHYLO-TG) and in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) fractions. The addition of CHO to the fat meal increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations identically in men and women. In contrast, adding CHO to the fat meal reduced the plasma TG concentration in the 5 h after the meal in women (average 5 h [TG]: 1.27 ± 0.11 and 1.01 ± 0.09 mmol·L–1; p <0.05), but not in men (1.25 ± 0.23 and 1.24 ± 0.20 mmol·L–1). Despite differences in the lipemic response to the meals between men and women, we found that adding carbohydrate to a fat meal decreased the bioavailability of meal-derived [13C]-palmitate in the systemic fatty acid pool, and decreased the incorporation of [13C]-palmitate into VLDL-TG in both men and women. In summary, adding CHO to a fat meal markedly blunted the plasma TG response in women, but not in men, which may augment the atherogenic potential after each meal in men.

scholarly journals Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes Alter Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Gupta ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Karla Luna ◽  
Anjali Logue ◽  
Alexander J Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1

Rationale: Chronic electronic cigarette (EC) users exhibit a higher susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to undergo oxidation as compared to non-user controls. However, there is a paucity of data regarding EC effects on lipid peroxidation in the blood and their relationship to cardiovascular risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that chronic (≥1 year) EC use exerts intermediate effects on plasma lipid peroxidation and/or antioxidant defense compared to chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking. Methods and Results: We enrolled EC-users (n=32), TC-smokers (n=29) and non-users (n=45), with mean ages of 28.3, 27.8 and 27.4 years, respectively. Plasma concentrations of free polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidized metabolites were assessed by mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), concentrations of glutathione, bilirubin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and functional activity of paraoxonase1 (PON1) were determined by colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Multivariable analysis was performed using classification models for segregating participants based on biomarker profiles. Plasma arachidonic acid (AA) concentration was higher in TC-smokers but lower in EC-users, together with linoleic acid (LA) concentration, as compared to TC-smokers and non-users (p<0.05). Oxidized LA metabolites (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)) were lower in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.001). Consistently, TAC and bilirubin were elevated in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.05). Of interest, plasma HO-1 concentration was higher in TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p=0.01) with intermediate levels in EC-users. Multivariable analysis identified 5 biomarkers (13-HODE, LA, 9-HODE, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), AA) that discriminated EC-users from TC-smokers and non-users with an accuracy of 73.4%. Conclusions: Chronic use of EC induces common (i.e. lower 9- and/or 13-HODEs and higher TAC and bilirubin) as well as differential effects (i.e. altered AA and LA concentrations) to those induced by TC, along with intermediate plasma HO-1 concentration, suggesting that EC, likewise TC smoke, could impact cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Differences in partitioning of meal fatty acids into blood lipid fractions: a comparison of linoleate, oleate, and palmitate

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. E64-E71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Hodson ◽  
Siobhán E. McQuaid ◽  
Fredrik Karpe ◽  
Keith N. Frayn ◽  
Barbara A. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Single Meal

There has been much interest in the health effects of dietary fat, but few studies have comprehensively compared the acute metabolic fate of specific fatty acids in vivo. We hypothesized that different classes of fatty acids would be variably partitioned in metabolic pathways and that this would become evident over 24 h. We traced the fate of fatty acids using equal amounts of [U-13C]linoleate, [U-13C]oleate, and [U-13C]palmitate given in a test breakfast meal in 12 healthy subjects. There was a tendency for differences in the concentrations of the tracers in plasma chylomicron-triacylglycerol (TG) (oleate > palmitate > linoleate). This pattern remained in plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG ( P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.02 for [U-13C]oleate vs. both [U-13C]palmitate and [U-13C]linoleate for NEFA and VLDL-TG, respectively). There was significantly more [U-13C]linoleate than the other two tracers in plasma cholesteryl ester and phospholipid (PL). Using the values for isotopic enrichment in the different lipid fractions compared with the test meal, we calculated the contribution of meal fatty acids to the respective fractions. At 24 h, 10% of plasma PL-linoleate originated from the breakfast test meal. This was significantly greater than for oleate and palmitate (both 3 ± 0.3%; P < 0.05). This pattern was also true for erythrocyte PL fatty acids. The marked rapid incorporation of linoleate from a single meal into blood PL fractions may have functional consequences such as maintenance of membrane fluidity and may explain why linoleate is a useful biomarker of dietary intake.

scholarly journals Flavonoid-rich extract of Polygonum capitatum attenuates high-fat diet–induced atherosclerosis development and inflammatory and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemia rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921877271
Author(s):  
Zhiqian Wang ◽  
Xuejun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Low Density ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Necrosis Factor

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of flavonoids ingredient from Polygonum capitatum (FPC) on blood lipid levels, vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet (HFD) rats, as well as their mechanism of action. Rats fed with HFD for 6 weeks obviously displayed hyperlipidemia ( P < 0.01). Treatment with FPC at 90 and 180 mg/kg body weight significantly increased serum apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and decreased serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of hyperlipidemia rats. FPC also improved the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Meanwhile, the result of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) manifested that FPC upregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) and downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1C) in the hepatic. These results demonstrated that FPC exerted anti-atherosclerosis effect in hyperlipidemia rats by regulating blood lipid metabolism, improving antioxidant ability, and modulating a proinflammatory profile and the expression levels of genes referred to lipogenesis and lipid oxidation, which might be attributed to flavonoid ingredients such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, and quercitrin.

scholarly journals Effects of a High Fat Meal Associated with Water, Juice, or Champagne Consumption on Endothelial Function and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Young, Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouyer ◽  
Auger ◽  
Charles ◽  
Talha ◽  
Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Meal

Endothelial dysfunction (ED), often linked to hypertriglyceridemia, is an early step of atherosclerosis. We investigated, in a randomized cross-over study, whether high-fat meal (HFM)-induced ED might be reduced by fruit juice or champagne containing polyphenols. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and biological parameters (lipid profile, glycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers) were determined before and two and three hours after the HFM in 17 healthy young subjects (24.6 ± 0.9 years) drinking water, juice, or champagne. Considering the entire group, despite significant hypertriglyceridemia (from 0.77 ± 0.07 to 1.41 ± 0.18 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and a decrease in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), the FMD was not impaired. However, the FMD decreased in 10 subjects (from 10.73 ± 0.95 to 8.1 3± 0.86 and 8.07 ± 1.16%; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; 2 and 3 hours, respectively, after the HFM), without concomitant change in concentration reactive protein or reactive oxygen species, but with an increase in glycemia. In the same subjects, the FMD did not decrease when drinking juice or champagne. In conclusion, HFM can impair the endothelial function in healthy young subjects. Fruit juice, rich in anthocyanins and procyanidins, or champagne, rich in simple phenolic acids, might reduce such alterations, but further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms, likely involving polyphenols.

scholarly journals Association of kidney function with NMR-quantified lipids, lipoproteins, and metabolic measures in Mexican adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Aguilar-Ramirez ◽  
Jesus Alegre-Díaz ◽  
William G Herrington ◽  
Natalie Staplin ◽  
Raúl Ramirez-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Mexican Adults

Abstract Context Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes are associated with dyslipidaemia, metabolic abnormalities, and atherosclerotic risk. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides much more detail on lipoproteins than traditional assays. Methods In about 38,000 participants from the Mexico City Prospective Study, aged 35-84 years and not using lipid-lowering medication, NMR spectroscopy quantified plasma concentrations of lipoprotein particles, their lipidic compositions, and other metabolic measures. Linear regression related low eGFR (&lt;60mL/min/1.73m2) to each NMR-measure after adjustment for confounders and for multiplicity. Analyses were done separately for those with and without diabetes. Results Among the 38,081 participants (mean age 52 years, 64% women), low eGFR was present for 4.8% (306/6,403) of those with diabetes and 1.2% (365/31,678) of those without diabetes. Among both those with and without diabetes, low eGFR was significantly associated with higher levels of 58 NMR-measures – including apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), the particle numbers of most Apo-B containing lipoproteins, the cholesterol and triglycerides carried in these lipoproteins, several fatty acids, total cholines and phosphatidylcholine, citrate, glutamine, phenylalanine, β-OH-butyrate, and the inflammatory measure glycoprotein-A – and significantly lower levels of 13 NMR-measures, including medium and small high-density lipoprotein particle measures, very low-density lipoprotein particle size, the ratio of saturated:total fatty acids, valine, tyrosine, and aceto-acetate. Conclusions In this Mexican population with high levels of adiposity and diabetes, low kidney function was associated with widespread alterations in lipidic and metabolic profiles, both in those with and without diabetes. These alterations may help explain the higher atherosclerotic risk experienced by people with CKD.

scholarly journals Modification of fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids of blood and liver in rat in conditions of prolonged high-fat diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Novgorodtseva ◽  
Yu.K. Karaman ◽  
N.V. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Studied the composition of fatty acids of polar and neutral lipids of plasma, erythrocytes and liver Wistar rats under prolonged high-fat diet. It was established that during long-term (90-180 days) in rats high-fat load is blocking the cells ligand-retseptor active capture polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This is confirmed by the accumulation of blood in LDL cholesterol and lipid fractions, esterified n-3 and n-6 PUFA (triacylglycerides, sterols esters, phospholipids), while the deficit these same fatty acids in the lipids of erythrocytes. In the liver under the influence of prolonged high-fat diet increased pool monoenic (18:1 n-9) and polyunsaturated (20:5 n-3, 20:3 n-6, 22:5 n-3) fatty acids. These data suggest that prolonged exposure of rats high-fat diet contributes to compensatory de novo synthesis of fatty acids in the liver. However, due to violations of the receptor active transport of fatty acids synthesized in the liver fatty acids are not captured by cells of the peripheral organs. Identified data allow us to expand the understanding of the role of nutritional factors in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cell, modulation of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Effects of high- and low-fat meals on the diurnal response of plasma lipid metabolite concentrations in healthy middle-aged volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
N. R. Williams ◽  
A. J. Scriven ◽  
C. R. Palmer ◽  
Kathryn O'sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Meal

Three experiments were conducted in healthy middle-aged volunteers (six males and six females in Expt 1, six males and two females in Expt 2 and twelve males in Expt 3) with a mean BMI of 27 kg/m2 to determine whether there is a difference between morning and afternoon dietary fat clearance and utilization, and to determine in what way the fat and starch contents of the meal influence postprandial blood lipid metabolites over 4·5 h. Over 4 days in Expt 1 each subject received isoenergetic, high-carbohydrate (L, 5·5 g mixed fat/meal) and moderately high-fat (M, 33 g mixed fat/meal) breakfasts and lunches, in three combinations (LL, MM, LM), or they fasted at breakfast time and received a high fat lunch (NM) in a randomized and balanced arrangement. Each evening a standard meal was given. The following effects were significant (P<0·05): plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) responses were greater following M meals; plasma TAG concentrations were greater in the afternoon than in the morning, following two meals of the same composition, although the postprandial incremental response was less following lunch than following breakfast and peak responses were reached much earlier than after breakfast; a low-fat breakfast, or fasting at breakfast time, delayed the peak TAG response to a M lunch. The plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and of free glycerol were higher in the afternoon following M meals at breakfast and lunch, especially in males. This response was reduced, by the L breakfast preceding the M lunch. Two M meals in succession lowered plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration. In Expt 2 each subject received a very low-fat (VL) breakfast, followed by a lunch of the same composition. Each of these meals was followed, 110 min from the start of eating, by an infusion of Intralipid 10% emulsion at the rate of 1 ml/kg body weight over 60 s. Clearance rates of Intralipid were faster in the afternoon than in the morning (P= 0·024). In Expt 3 twelve subjects were randomly allocated to either treatment MM or LM meal patterns, as given in Expt 1. These were given daily for a period of 17 d, during which the change in fasting plasma TAG concentration was similar in both treatments. On days 1, 16 and 17 responses were measured to the M lunch and to a glucose tolerance test (GTT), conducted 2 h 17 min after lunch. The post-lunch responses confirmed those found in Expt 1; but immediately following the glucose dose there was an abrupt increase in plasma TAG that was greater in treatment LM than in treatment MM (P= 0·025), whereas plasma NEFA concentration decreased rapidly in both treatments at that time (P = 0·00066)

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Chitooligosaccharide Tablets on Lipids in High-Fat Diets Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Yang ◽  
Canji Hu ◽  
Xiaoyi Deng ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
Hua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Element Binding Protein

Chitooligosaccharide is beneficial for inhibiting dyslipidemia and reducing atherosclerotic and hyperlipidemic risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cholesterol-regulating effects and potential mechanisms of Chitooligosaccharide tablets (CFTs) in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The results revealed that CFTs can regulate serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats in a dosage-dependent manner. Synchronously, gene expressions related to cholesterol excretion were upregulated in a dosage-dependent manner, including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor α (LXRA), peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), whereas cholesterol synthetic gene expressions including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and sterol-responsive element binding protein-2 (SREBP2) were reduced. This work highlights that CFTs have potential as natural products to prevent and treat metabolic hyperlipidemia syndrome, probably due to the reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis and through cholesterol elimination; they also improve the pathological changes of liver tissue in rats, alleviate liver damage, maintain normal lipid metabolism in the liver, ameliorate hepatic glycolipid disorders and accelerate TC operation, and reduce blood lipid levels.

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