scholarly journals Effects of high- and low-fat meals on the diurnal response of plasma lipid metabolite concentrations in healthy middle-aged volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
N. R. Williams ◽  
A. J. Scriven ◽  
C. R. Palmer ◽  
Kathryn O'sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Meal

Three experiments were conducted in healthy middle-aged volunteers (six males and six females in Expt 1, six males and two females in Expt 2 and twelve males in Expt 3) with a mean BMI of 27 kg/m2 to determine whether there is a difference between morning and afternoon dietary fat clearance and utilization, and to determine in what way the fat and starch contents of the meal influence postprandial blood lipid metabolites over 4·5 h. Over 4 days in Expt 1 each subject received isoenergetic, high-carbohydrate (L, 5·5 g mixed fat/meal) and moderately high-fat (M, 33 g mixed fat/meal) breakfasts and lunches, in three combinations (LL, MM, LM), or they fasted at breakfast time and received a high fat lunch (NM) in a randomized and balanced arrangement. Each evening a standard meal was given. The following effects were significant (P<0·05): plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) responses were greater following M meals; plasma TAG concentrations were greater in the afternoon than in the morning, following two meals of the same composition, although the postprandial incremental response was less following lunch than following breakfast and peak responses were reached much earlier than after breakfast; a low-fat breakfast, or fasting at breakfast time, delayed the peak TAG response to a M lunch. The plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and of free glycerol were higher in the afternoon following M meals at breakfast and lunch, especially in males. This response was reduced, by the L breakfast preceding the M lunch. Two M meals in succession lowered plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration. In Expt 2 each subject received a very low-fat (VL) breakfast, followed by a lunch of the same composition. Each of these meals was followed, 110 min from the start of eating, by an infusion of Intralipid 10% emulsion at the rate of 1 ml/kg body weight over 60 s. Clearance rates of Intralipid were faster in the afternoon than in the morning (P= 0·024). In Expt 3 twelve subjects were randomly allocated to either treatment MM or LM meal patterns, as given in Expt 1. These were given daily for a period of 17 d, during which the change in fasting plasma TAG concentration was similar in both treatments. On days 1, 16 and 17 responses were measured to the M lunch and to a glucose tolerance test (GTT), conducted 2 h 17 min after lunch. The post-lunch responses confirmed those found in Expt 1; but immediately following the glucose dose there was an abrupt increase in plasma TAG that was greater in treatment LM than in treatment MM (P= 0·025), whereas plasma NEFA concentration decreased rapidly in both treatments at that time (P = 0·00066)

Dasatinib Can Be Administered Orally with or without a Meal.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4569-4569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kaul ◽  
Chiyuan Wu ◽  
Shelley Mayfield ◽  
James Manning ◽  
Anne Blackwood-Chirchir
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Method ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background: Food can change the bioavailability of a drug, which can have clinically significant consequences. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of food on the oral bioavailability of dasatinib (SPRYCEL®) in healthy adult subjects. Methods: Fifty-four healthy adult subjects received a single dose of dasatinib 100 mg dose, as 2 x 50 mg film-coated tablets after an overnight fast and within 10 minutes after the ingestion of a low-fat meal (315 kcal [20% fat, 68% carbohydrates, and 12% protein]) and a high-fat meal (985 kcal [52% fat, 34% carbohydrates, and 14% protein]) in a randomly assigned sequence. Individual treatments were separated by at least a 7-day washout period. Serial blood samples were collected for 24 hours after each treatment to determine dasatinib plasma concentrations using a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method. Dasatinib pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined using a non-compartmental method. Safety was monitored throughout the study. Results: Of the 54 healthy adult subjects (85% male, 61% Caucasian, mean age 32 y, and weight 80 kg), 48 completed the study. There were no serious adverse events. Adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were, in general, typical of those seen with dasatinib administration. PK results are summarized in the table below. Conclusions: Compared to the fasted state, a low-fat meal decreased Cmax and AUC of dasatinib by 21%; a high-fat meal decreased Cmax by 24% and increased AUC by 14%. These results are not expected to be of clinical relevance and, therefore, dasatinib may be taken without regard to meals. The drug was generally safe and well-tolerated when administered in the fed or fasted state. Statistical Analysis of PK Parameters for Dasatinib Treatment PK Parameter Geometric Mean Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) Fed versus Fasted Low-Fat Meal Cmax 1.216 (1.047, 1.413) AUC 1.212 (1.100, 1.336) High-Fat Meal Cmax 0.758 (0.651, 0.882) AUC 1.140 (1.034, 1.257)

scholarly journals Diurnal trends in responses of blood plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide following high- and low-fat meals and their relation to fat metabolism in healthy middle-aged volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Frape ◽  
Norman R. Williams ◽  
A. J. Scriven ◽  
Christopher R. Palmer ◽  
Kathryn O'Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Fat Meal

An experiment was conducted in twelve healthy middle-aged volunteers, six of each sex, with a mean BMI of 27kg/m2 to detect differences between morning and afternoon in postprandial blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations. These responses were measured following the consumption of isoenergetic meals that were high or low in fat content, at breakfast and at lunch. Over 4d each subject received the high-carbohydrate (L, 5·5 g mixed fat/meal) and moderately high-fat (M, 33 g mixed fat/meal) breakfasts and lunches, in three combinations (LL, MM, LM), or they fasted at breakfast time and received a moderately high-fat lunch (NM), in three Latin squares. Each evening a standard meal was given. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses were greater following L than M meals and within both MM and LL treatments insulin and C-peptide responses were greater following breakfast than following lunch. The incremental C-peptide response to a fatty lunch following a fast at breakfast time (NM) was similar to that to a fatty breakfast, but the incremental insulin response for the same comparison was marginally lower at lunch (P=0·06). The relationship of C-peptide and insulin concentrations was assessed. Plasma glucose response to a fatty lunch was increased by a fatty breakfast. The relationships of these metabolic events with fat metabolism are discussed.

Adding carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts postprandial lipemia in women and reduces meal-derived fatty acids in systemic circulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas D. Knuth ◽  
David B. Remias ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fat Meal

The lipemic response to a meal is an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding carbohydrate (CHO) to a fat meal on the bioavailability of ingested fat in different blood lipid fractions in men and women. On two separate occasions, 18 healthy adults (9 women, 9 men) ate either a high-fat meal (0.7 grams fat per kilogram) (FAT), or the same meal with added CHO (1 gram CHO per kilogram) (FAT+CHO) in the morning after a 12 h fast. Both meals were supplemented with [13C]-palmitate (25 mg·kg–1). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), fatty acids, insulin, and glucose were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 0 to 8 h after the meal. In addition, we measured TG concentrations in chylomicron (CHYLO-TG) and in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) fractions. The addition of CHO to the fat meal increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations identically in men and women. In contrast, adding CHO to the fat meal reduced the plasma TG concentration in the 5 h after the meal in women (average 5 h [TG]: 1.27 ± 0.11 and 1.01 ± 0.09 mmol·L–1; p <0.05), but not in men (1.25 ± 0.23 and 1.24 ± 0.20 mmol·L–1). Despite differences in the lipemic response to the meals between men and women, we found that adding carbohydrate to a fat meal decreased the bioavailability of meal-derived [13C]-palmitate in the systemic fatty acid pool, and decreased the incorporation of [13C]-palmitate into VLDL-TG in both men and women. In summary, adding CHO to a fat meal markedly blunted the plasma TG response in women, but not in men, which may augment the atherogenic potential after each meal in men.

scholarly journals Central and peripheral arterial stiffness responses to uninterrupted prolonged sitting combined with a high-fat meal: a randomized controlled crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fryer ◽  
Keeron Stone ◽  
Craig Paterson ◽  
Meghan Brown ◽  
James Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIndependently, prolonged uninterrupted sitting and the consumption of a meal high in saturated fats acutely disrupt normal cardiovascular function. Currently, the acute effects of these behaviors performed in combination on arterial stiffness, a marker of cardiovascular health, are unknown. This study sought to determine the effect of consuming a high-fat meal (Δ = 51 g fat) in conjunction with prolonged uninterrupted sitting (180 min) on measures of central and peripheral arterial stiffness. Using a randomized crossover design, 13 young healthy males consumed a high-fat (61 g) or low-fat (10 g) meal before 180 min of uninterrupted sitting. Carotid-femoral (cf) and femoral-ankle (fa) pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic-femoral stiffness gradient (af-SG), superficial femoral PWV beta (β), and oscillometric pulse wave analysis outcomes were assessed pre and post sitting. cfPWV increased significantly more following the high-fat (mean difference [MD] = 0.59 m·s−1) meal than following the low-fat (MD = 0.2 m·s−1) meal, with no change in faPWV in either condition. The af-SG significantly decreased (worsened) (ηp2 = 0.569) over time in the high- and low-fat conditions (ratio = 0.1 and 0.1, respectively). Superficial femoral PWVβ significantly increased over time in the high- and low-fat conditions (ηp2 = 0.321; 0.8 and 0.4 m·s−1, respectively). Triglycerides increased over time in the high-fat trial only (ηp2 = 0.761). There were no significant changes in blood pressure. Consuming a high-fat meal prior to 180 min of uninterrupted sitting augments markers of cardiovascular disease risk more than consuming a low-fat meal prior to sitting.

scholarly journals Identification of the principal transcriptional regulators for low-fat and high-fat meal responsive genes in small intestine

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Octave Mucunguzi ◽  
Aicha Melouane ◽  
Abdelaziz Ghanemi ◽  
Mayumi Yoshioka ◽  
André Boivin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Meal

Effect of uremia on HDL composition, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. F1325-F1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Bang ◽  
Susanne Bro ◽  
Emil D. Bartels ◽  
Tanja X. Pedersen ◽  
Lars B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Amyloid A

Wild-type mice normally do not develop atherosclerosis, unless fed cholic acid. Uremia is proinflammatory and increases atherosclerosis 6- to 10-fold in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. This study examined the effect of uremia on lipoproteins, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Uremia was induced by nephrectomy (NX) and increased plasma urea and creatinine concentrations 2.5- to 4.5-fold; control mice were sham operated. After NX, mice were fed a Western-type diet or the same diet with 0.5% cholic acid. Cholic acid-fed NX mice did not thrive and were killed. In NX mice fed the Western-type diet ( n = 7), the total plasma cholesterol concentration was similar to that in sham mice ( n = 11), but on gel filtration the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was increased. HDL from NX mice contained more serum amyloid A and triglycerides and less cholesterol than HDL from sham mice. Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and aortic mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not differ between NX and sham mice. Twenty-six weeks after NX, the average oil red O-stained area of the aortic root was similar in NX and sham mice fed the Western-type diet, while it was increased in cholic acid-fed sham mice. The results suggest that moderate uremia neither induces aortic inflammation nor atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice despite increased LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and altered HDL composition.

Postprandial decrease in HDL cholesterol and HDL apo A-I in normal subjects in relation to triglyceride metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. E492-E498 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. De Bruin ◽  
C. B. Brouwer ◽  
J. A. Gimpel ◽  
D. W. Erkelens
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Postprandial Lipoprotein ◽  
Chylomicron Remnants

The postprandial lipoprotein metabolism is important since it determines the circulation of potentially atherogenic particles and influences the metabolism of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in a complex manner that is at present not completely understood. Therefore, the short-term (24-h) changes in postprandial lipoprotein metabolism, including retinyl palmitate (RP), apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), and apolipoprotein B, were studied in relation to postheparin lipolytic activities in six healthy normolipidemic men after an oral RP fat tolerance test. The fat load (98 g) was cleared in 7 h, because the triglyceride (TG) concentrations had returned to initial values (0.72 +/- 0.31 mmol/l) at that time. RP showed a peak in plasma at 4 and 5 h but remained present in chylomicron (remnants) in low concentrations after 8 and 24 h. After the fat load, HDL cholesterol and HDL-associated apo A-I showed a significant decrease in concentration of 35 and 29%, respectively. The decrease coincided with the increase in chylomicron remnants and the transient appearance of TG-enriched HDL. Hepatic lipase was correlated to both the initial HDL cholesterol concentration as well as the peak concentration of TG in chylomicron remnants, suggesting that it could be one of the regulating common physiological pathways in postprandial HDL and TG metabolism. In the subjects studied, the atherogenic potential of plasma increased in response to an oral fat load, characterized by a decrease in HDL cholesterol and HDL-associated apo A-I.

Moderate-carbohydrate low-fat versus low-carbohydrate high-fat meal replacements for weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillon S. Vander Wal ◽  
Michael I. Mcburney ◽  
Nancy Moellering ◽  
Jorene Marth ◽  
Nikhil V. Dhurandhar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Meal Replacements

Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) Leaf Extract Mediates Hypolipidemic Action in Hamsters Fed a High-Fat Diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Sook Choi ◽  
Un Ju Jung ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Gyeong-Min Do ◽  
Seon-Min Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid ◽  
Coa Reductase

This study examined the effect of a Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extract (0.175 g/100 g diet) that was supplemented with a high-fat diet (10% coconut oil, 0.2% cholesterol, wt/wt) on hyperlipidemic hamsters. Hamsters fed with Du-zhong leaf extract for 10 weeks showed a smaller size of epididymal adipocytes compared to the control group. The supplementation of the Du-zhong leaf extract significantly lowered the plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, non HDL-cholesterol, and free fatty acid, whereas it elevated the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and apolipoprotein A-I levels. The hepatic cholesterol concentration was lower in the Du-zhong group than in the control group. The plasma total cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with hepatic HMG- CoA reductase activity (r = 0.547, p < 0.05) and hepatic cholesterol concentration (r = 0.769, p < 0.001). The hepatic fatty acid synthase and HMG- CoA reductase activities were significantly lowered by a Du-zhong leaf extract supplement in high fat-fed hamsters. Hepatic fatty acid synthase activity was positively correlated with plasma fatty acid concentration (r = 0.513, p < 0.05) that was lower in the Du-zhong group. These results demonstrate that the Du-zhong leaf extract exhibits antihyperlipidemic properties by suppressing hepatic fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis with the simultaneous reduction of plasma and hepatic lipids in high fat-fed hamsters.

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