Changes in interstitial K+ and pH during exercise: implications for blood flow regulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Juel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vasodilatory Effect ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
T Tubules ◽  
Exercise Induced

The analysis of blood samples has clearly demonstrated that exercise is associated with the release of K+ and H+ from muscle. However, blood samples give only incomplete information about the ion changes in the muscle interstitium. Interstitial changes in ion composition may affect the transport properties of the sarcolemmal membrane, may affect fibre excitability and induce fatigue, and may affect sensory nerve endings. Therefore, to better understand muscle function, it is important to quantify the exercise-induced interstitial ion changes. Both interstitial K+ and H+ changes have been quantified with the microdialysis technique. Interstitial K+ accumulation is dependent on the intensity and duration of muscle activity and may reach 10 mmol/L during intense exercise, and the concentration in T-tubules may be even higher. Thus, interstitial K+ can reach a level that affects fibre excitability and the development of fatigue. It has also been demonstrated with microdialysis that the interstitial decrease in pH during muscle activity is larger than the reduction in blood pH. Ion changes in the interstitium may affect blood flow directly or indirectly. Infusion of K+ into the femoral artery in humans has demonstrated that blood flow is affected by changes in K+ as low as 0.1 mmol/L. The vasodilatory effect of K+ can be inhibited with simultaneous barium infusion, indicating that inward rectifier potassium (Kir)channels are involved. Acidosis has a direct effect on blood flow and an indirect effect, mediated by changes in other vasoactive compounds.

Effects of aerobic exercise induced oxidative stress on energy regulatory hormones of irisin and nesfatin-1 in healthy females

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Energy Regulatory ◽  
Healthy Females

Objectives: Exercise is an important tool to stimulate oxidative stress and metabolic demands. We intended to evaluate impact of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress parameters and their relationships between irisin and nesfatin-1 levels. Material and Method: Total of ten healthy sedentary female subjects exercise for a 30 min of aerobic running exercise work intensity corresponded to associated their anaerobic threshold. Venous blood samples were taken before and at the end of the exercise. Serum irisin nesfatin-1 and TAS and TOS levels were analyzed using ELISA methods. Results: Exercise caused increase of irisin (11%) and nesfatin-1 (12%) levels. During exercise a decrease in TAS (-11%) and increased in TOS (29%) levels were observed. There was a significant correlation between changes of irisin and TAS levels (R=-0.67594, p=0.03). Conclusion: Consequently, exercise induced skeletal muscle activity may cause increase in oxidative stress, irisin and nesfatin-1 levels. Irisin hormone may be a secreted against to increased exercise-induced increased oxidative stress muscle activity.

Diaphragmatic perfusion heterogeneity during exercise with inspiratory resistive breathing

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2177-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Resistive Breathing ◽  
Exercise Induced

Regional distribution of diaphragmatic blood flow (Q; 15-microns-diam radionuclide-labeled microspheres) was studied in normal (n = 7) and laryngeal hemiplegic (LH; n = 7) ponies to determine whether the added stress of inspiratory resistive breathing during maximal exercise may cause 1) redistribution of diaphragmatic Q and 2) crural diaphragmatic Q to exceed that in maximally exercising normal ponies. LH-induced augmentation of already high exertional work of breathing resulted in diminished locomotor exercise capacity so that maximal exercise in LH ponies occurred at 25 km/h compared with 32 km/h for normal ponies. The costal and crural regions received similar Q in both groups at rest. However, exercise-induced increments in perfusion were significantly greater in the costal region of the diaphragm. At 25 km/h, costal diaphragmatic perfusion was 154 and 143% of the crural diaphragmatic Q in normal and LH ponies. At 32 km/h, Q in costal diaphragm of normal ponies was 136% of that in the crural region. Costal and crural diaphragmatic Q in LH ponies exercised at 25 km/h exceeded that for normal ponies but was similar to the latter during exercise at 32 km/h. Perfusion pressure for the three conditions was also similar. It is concluded that diaphragmatic perfusion heterogeneity in exercising ponies was preserved during the added stress of inspiratory resistive breathing. It was also demonstrated that vascular resistance in the crural and costal regions of the diaphragm in maximally exercised LH ponies remained similar to that in maximally exercising normal ponies.

Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and pain reduction following blood flow restriction: A brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Jun Seob Song ◽  
Robert W. Spitz ◽  
Yujiro Yamada ◽  
Zachary W. Bell ◽  
Vickie Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pain Reduction ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals A comparison of citrulline and arginine for increasing exercise-induced vasodilation and blood flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R Moon ◽  
Roxanne M Vogel ◽  
Paul H Falcone ◽  
Matt M Mosman ◽  
Aaron C Tribby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced

17β-estradiol attenuates exercise-induced neutrophil infiltration in men

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. R1443-R1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren G. MacNeil ◽  
Steven K. Baker ◽  
Ivan Stevic ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Macrophage Density ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Exercise Induced

17β-estradiol (E2) attenuates exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in some models. Eighteen men completed 150 eccentric contractions after random assignment to placebo (Control group) or E2 supplementation (Experimental group). Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected at baseline, following 8-day supplementation and 3 h and 48 h after exercise. Blood samples were analyzed for sex hormone concentration, creatine kinase (CK) activity and total antioxidant capacity. The mRNA content of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol homeostasis [forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), caveolin 1, and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP2)] and antioxidant defense (SOD1 and -2) were measured by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify muscle neutrophil (myeloperoxidase) and macrophage (CD68) content. Serum E2 concentration increased 2.5-fold with supplementation ( P < 0.001), attenuating neutrophil infiltration at 3 h ( P < 0.05) and 48 h ( P < 0.001), and the induction of SOD1 at 48 h ( P = 0.02). Macrophage density at 48 h ( P < 0.05) and SOD2 mRNA at 3 h ( P = 0.01) increased but were not affected by E2. Serum CK activity was higher at 48 h for both groups ( P < 0.05). FOXO1, caveolin 1 and SREBP2 expression were 2.8-fold ( P < 0.05), 1.4-fold ( P < 0.05), and 1.5-fold ( P < 0.001) and higher at 3 h after exercise with no effect of E2. This suggests that E2 attenuates neutrophil infiltration; however, the mechanism does not appear to be lesser oxidative stress or membrane damage and may indicate lesser neutrophil/endothelial interaction.

Effect of restricted blood flow on exercise-induced hormone changes in healthy men

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehis Viru ◽  
Eva Jansson ◽  
Atko Viru ◽  
Carl Johan Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-induced focal skeletal muscle fiber degeneration and capillary morphology

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2857-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Peeze Binkhorst ◽  
H. Kuipers ◽  
J. Heymans ◽  
P. M. Frederik ◽  
D. W. Slaaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced

The relationship between exercise-induced focal muscle fiber degeneration and changes in capillary morphology was investigated in male Wistar rats. Untrained animals ran on a treadmill for 1 h at submaximal intensity and were killed 0, 6, or 24 h after running. Nonexercised rats served as controls. In situ perfused soleus muscles were prepared for electron microscopy. Micrographed cross sections were quantitatively analyzed for parameters indicative of capillary blood flow or transcapillary exchange. Capillary lumina were ovally rather than circularly shaped, and no indications for obstruction of blood flow at the capillary level were found. Endothelial cells and their organelles had a normal appearance in all groups. However, immediately after exercise, capillaries showed a decreased thickness of their endothelium and basal membrane, probably caused by dehydration. Six hours after exercise, muscle fibers were swollen (28% increase in cross-sectional area), resulting in a slightly increased diffusion distance. This fiber swelling was not associated with an increase in muscle water content, a finding for which no explanation could be found. Twenty-four hours after the animals ran, capillaries located near degenerated muscle fibers had an increased cross-sectional luminal area and an increased luminal circumference. This effect decreased gradually with increasing distance from the degenerated fiber area. The present morphometric results do not support the hypothesis that changes in capillary morphology primarily contribute to exercise-induced focal muscle fiber degeneration.

Agreement between i-STAT and YSI 2300 devices to determine lactate concentrations in dogs undergoing exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Berkman ◽  
M.C. Pereira ◽  
K.B. Nardi ◽  
G.T. Pereira ◽  
O.A.B. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Constant Bias ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Little information is available comparing the i-STAT and the YSI 2300 Stat Plus devices to determine the lactate concentration [Lac] in dogs undergoing intense exercise. The reproducibility of the YSI 2300 for quantifying the [Lac] in canine blood [Lac]b and plasma [Lac]p samples has been observed. In addition, the i-STAT handheld device was used to quantify [Lac] in dogs subjected to exercise, and the results were compared with that of YSI 2300. Venous blood samples of Beagle and American Pit Bull Terrier dogs were obtained during an intense exercise training on a treadmill. [Lac]p and [Lac]b were quantified using the YSI 2300 instrument to determine the reproducibility of the results. A total of 52 specimens were compared for both plasma and whole blood. For comparing the devices (YSI 2300 vs i-STAT), 96 samples were used. Ordinary least products regression, the correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement of using the i-STAT device. The relationship between duplicate measurements of both [Lac]b and [Lac]p by YSI 2300 was strong (r=0.99). A correlation between the data obtained using the i-STAT and YSI 2300 instruments was observed for both the [Lac]p (r=0.97) and [Lac]b (r=0.88). The i-STAT exhibited a small constant bias (-0.25 mmol/l) compared to YSI 2300 ([Lac]b). There were proportional biases of 0.89 mmol/l for [Lac]p and 1.22 mmol/l for [Lac]b when using YSI 2300 vs i-STAT. We confirmed the reproducibility of the YSI 2300 for canine lactate blood/plasma samples. The results obtained by the i-STAT and YSI 2300 analyser were highly correlated, but a small constant bias was observed between them. The i-STAT device can be used in clinical evaluations, and it is also adequate for designing and monitoring fitness programmes.

scholarly journals Reviewing the Effect of 10 Days of Intense Exercise Period on Certain Blood Parameters of Tennis Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Muzaffer Selcuk ◽  
Vedat Cinar ◽  
Mucahit Sarikaya ◽  
Salih Oner
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Competition Period

This study aims to observe the possible negative effects that might occur on bio-chemistry and hemogram values of tennis players during the intense competition period by comparing the blood values of pre-competition period with 10 days of intense exercise. Blood samples were obtained from tennis team players who do not have any specific health problems and who study in university and regularly exercise. Mean age of the athletes are 22,40 ± 3,20 years and mean height is 179,83 ± 7,57 cm. This study is performed with 14 volunteer tennis players. Blood samples are obtained during the first day of the intense exercise program after the exercise, last day of the exercises and also right after the exercises. As per the obtained data, descriptive statistics are run (mean and standard deviation) and in order to compare the values of before and after the 10 days of intense exercise, Wilcoxon two related sample test was used. As per the results of the blood tests from before and after the exercise period, it is seen that values such as AST, ALT, MCH, MCHC and CK showed statistical significance (P<0.05). The athletes who prepared for the competitions with these values showed positive increases in bio-chemistry and hemogram values.

Acute effects of blood flow restriction on exercise-induced free radical production in young and healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Denise Zdzieblik ◽  
Patrick Dressler ◽  
Bruno Fink ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Exercise Induced
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