Lifestyle Modifications to Prevent and Manage Hypertension for Exercise Physiologists and Fitness Professionals

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica K. Jamnik ◽  
Norman Gledhill ◽  
Rhian M. Touyz ◽  
Norman R.C. Campbell ◽  
Alexander G. Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Key Words Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Healthy Body Weight

Information tailored to the interest of exercise physiologists and fitness professionals is provided regarding the Canadian Hypertension Society's 2005 evidence-based recommendations on lifestyle modifications for the prevention and management of hypertension. The evidence from randomized controlled (RC) trials and systematic reviews of RC trials published in peer reviewed journals was reviewed by subject matter experts and then appraised independently by content and methodology experts. Blood pressure lowering was accepted as a primary outcome. All recommendations were debated and then voted on by the 43 members of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program's Evidence-Based Recommendations Task Force and achieved at least 95% consensus. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and/or manage hypertension include: (1) perform 30-60 minutes of aerobic exercise on 4-7 days of the week; (2) maintain a healthy body weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and waist circumference (<  102 cm for men and <  88 cm for women); (3) limit alcohol consumption to no more than 14 standard drinks per week in men or 9 standard drinks per week in women; (4) follow a diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and which is reduced in fat and cholesterol (DASH diet); (5) restrict salt intake; and (6) consider stress management in selected individuals. Key words: blood pressure, lifestyle interventions, physical activity, body weight, diet

Renal–adrenal interrelationships in experimental hypertension

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ostrovsky ◽  
F. R. Papsin ◽  
A. G. Gornall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
High Salt Intake

For several weeks after partial constriction of one renal artery, the fate of this "clipped" kidney seems to exert a determining influence on blood pressure. Rats that remained hypertensive throughout the experiment almost invariably had clipped kidneys averaging 0.16 to 0.22% of body weight. Below 0.1%, this kidney was usually quite atrophic, and its presence was consistent with falling or normal blood pressure. The untouched kidney in such rats was, on the average, heavier in the hypertensive than in the normotensive animals. Since the latter also had less renal tissue on the clipped side, it appears that factors leading to high blood pressure stimulated hypertrophy beyond the level provoked by renoprival factors. In rats on a high salt intake, 5 μg/day of D-aldosterone for 3 months stimulated significant true renal hypertrophy in the absence of a rise in blood pressure. Such hypertrophy was more pronounced in similar rats that had been getting 250 μg DOCA/day for 3 months but were also normotensive. Rats that developed hypertension on this latter regimen had still heavier kidneys. Renal hypertrophy appears to be a prehypertensive phenomenon which persists and can become even more pronounced in hypertension. The highest levels of renal hypertrophy were usually associated with significant adrenal hypertrophy. Endocrine functions may be involved in renal hypertrophy. This concept is discussed in relation to a phospholipid "renin inhibitor" recently isolated from dog and hog kidneys.

scholarly journals Influence of high salt intake on the chronic blood pressure lowering effects of the baroreflex

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Alan Hildebrandt ◽  
Thomas E. Lohmeier ◽  
Eric D. Irwin ◽  
Martin A. Rossing ◽  
Robert S. Kieval
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Pressure Lowering

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Life Style Modification in the Management of Hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Hypertension remains as one of the most important public health challenges Worldwide because of the associated morbidity, mortality, and the cost to the society. Despite the availability of safe and effective antihypertensive medications and the existence of clear treatment guidelines, hypertension is still inadequately controlled in a large proportion of patients worldwide. Unawareness of lifestyle modifications, and failure to apply these were one of the identified patient- related barriers to blood pressure control. Methodology: It was this cross sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of life style modification in the management of hypertension among 100 conveniently selected study subjects. Result: Mean±SD age of respondents was Average age of the patients was 36.96±13.04 years. More than half of the respondents (56%) passed SSC level of education. Almost 99% of the study subjects knew that smoking is associated with hypertension. About 94% respondent told excessive salt intake is bad for health. Almost all of them knew that excessive salt intake results high blood pressure. About 93% told that physical exercise has effect on blood pressure. Three-fourth of the study subjects told that physical exercise decrease cholesterol. About 40% took part physical exercise regularly. The study found levels of knowledge on non-drug control of hypertension was quite good but practice level was poor. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding hypertension is an important measure used for decreasing the prevalence of hypertension. Life style modification is the easiest way to prevent or control high pressure. The increase level of knowledge on life style changes will help to have desired intervention goal in people who are most motivated. This study was an attempt to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of life style modification in the management of hypertension.

Significance of adjusting salt intake by body weight in the evaluation of dietary salt and blood pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-655.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Takase ◽  
Tateo Okado ◽  
Tomonori Sugiura ◽  
Sumiyo Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt

scholarly journals The Diet, Exercise and Weight Loss Intervention Trial (DEW-IT)

Circulation ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 1345-1345
Author(s):  
Edgar R Miller ◽  
Deborah R Young ◽  
Thomas P Erlinger ◽  
Megan L Jehn ◽  
Jeanne Charleston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Monitoring Group

0009 Background - Certain lifestyle modifications (weight loss, sodium reduction, adoption of the DASH diet, and increased exercise) when administered separately, can lower blood pressure. However, the effects on blood pressure of combining all of these therapies in adults on blood pressure lowering medications is unknown. Methods - In a randomized controlled feeding study, 44 hypertensive obese adults, taking a single daily blood pressure lowering medication, were randomized for 9 weeks to a lifestyle or monitoring group. The lifestyle group was fed a hypocaloric version of the DASH diet (high in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products) with reduced sodium (100 mmol/day). This group also exercised at moderate intensity 3 times per week. The monitoring group received information only. The primary outcome was change in 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure. Results - 43 of 44 completed the study. Net mean weight loss in the lifestyle group was 12.3 pounds. Compared with the monitoring group, the lifestyle group had significant reductions in 24 hour blood pressures with greatest reductions occurring while awake ( TABLE). Conclusions -A comprehensive lifestyle intervention is extremely effective at lowering blood pressure in hypertensive adults taking blood pressure lowering medications. Table 1.

High dietary salt intake increases carotid blood pressure and wave reflection in normotensive healthy young men

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian J. Starmans-Kool ◽  
Alice V. Stanton ◽  
Yun Y. Xu ◽  
Simon A. McG Thom ◽  
Kim H. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

Dietary salt intake is associated with high brachial blood pressure (BP) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether changes in dietary salt intake are associated with changes in central BP and wave reflection in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy normotensive male volunteers (22–40 yr) participated in a 6-wk double-blind randomized crossover study to compare a low-dietary salt intake (60–80 mmol sodium/day) with a high-salt intake (low salt intake supplemented with 128 mmol sodium/day) on central BP and wave reflection. Brachial and carotid BP, carotid blood flow velocity, forward (Pf) and backward (Pb) pressure, wave intensity, body weight, and urinary electrolyte excretion were measured at the end of each crossover period. High salt intake significantly increased carotid systolic BP [98 (SD 11) vs. 91 mmHg (SD 13), P < 0.01] and increased wave reflection [ratio of backward to forward pressure (Pb/Pf) 0.13 (SD 0.02) vs. 0.11 (SD 0.03), P = 0.04] despite only small effects on brachial BP [114 (SD 9) vs. 112 mmHg (SD 6), P = 0.1]. Urinary sodium excretion and body weight were also increased following high salt intake. High salt intake disproportionately increases central BP compared with brachial BP as a result of enhanced wave reflection. These effects may contribute to the adverse effect of high dietary salt intake on the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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