Chromosome aberrations induced by zebularine in triticale

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Ma ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Yanzhi Wang ◽  
Jieyun Ma ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Ring Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Manipulation ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Rye Translocations ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
Octoploid Triticale

Chromosome engineering is an important approach for generating wheat germplasm. Efficient development of chromosome aberrations will facilitate the introgression and application of alien genes in wheat. In this study, zebularine, a DNA methylation transferase inhibitor, was successfully used to induce chromosome aberrations in the octoploid triticale cultivar Jinghui#1. Dry seeds were soaked in zebularine solutions (250, 500, and 750 μmol/L) for 24 h, and the 500 μmol/L treatment was tested in three additional treatment times, i.e., 12, 36, and 48 h. All treatments induced aberrations involving wheat and rye chromosomes. Of the 920 cells observed in 67 M1 plants, 340 (37.0%) carried 817 aberrations with an average of 0.89 aberrations per cell (range: 0–12). The aberrations included probable deletions, telosomes and acentric fragments (49.0%), large segmental translocations (28.9%), small segmental translocations (17.1%), intercalary translocations (2.6%), long chromosomes that could carry more than one centromere (2.0%), and ring chromosomes (0.5%). Of 510 M2 plants analyzed, 110 (21.6%) were found to carry stable aberrations. Such aberrations included 79 with varied rye chromosome numbers, 7 with wheat and rye chromosome translocations, 15 with possible rye telosomes/deletions, and 9 with complex aberrations involving variation in rye chromosome number and wheat–rye translocations. These indicated that aberrations induced by zebularine can be steadily transmitted, suggesting that zebularine is a new efficient agent for chromosome manipulation.

IRRADIATION OF SPERM AND OOCYTES IN ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE): SEX RATIO, FERTILITY, AND CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN THE F1 PROGENY

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. LaChance ◽  
R. D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Old Females

Adult Oncopeltus fasciatus were irradiated as 7- to 8-day-old males, and as 3- to 4- or 10- to 12-day-old females with doses of 8 and 20 krad of gamma irradiation and 200 R of X-rays, respectively. Treated bugs were outcrossed to untreated bugs, and F1 progeny derived from irradiated sperm and from prophase and metaphase oocytes were studied. All treated bugs were less fertile than the controls, but none of the treatments produced full sterility. Among the F1 generation from the three types of crosses, there was no significant deviation from a 50:50 sex ratio.When F1 males were outcrossed to untreated females, only the males derived from irradiated sperm were semisterile; F1 males derived from the treated oocytes were as fertile as the controls. The semisterility of the F1 males was correlated with chromosome translocations and fragments in the spermatocytes. The virtual absence of these aberrations in the testes of F1 males derived from irradiated oocytes suggests that these aberrations are not induced in oocytes, are repaired, or are not included in the maternal pronucleus after irradiation of meiotic oocytes.

Identification of New Nonrandom Translocations in Multiple Myeloma With Multicolor Spectral Karyotyping

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4269-4278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Sawyer ◽  
Janet L. Lukacs ◽  
Nikhil Munshi ◽  
K. Raman Desikan ◽  
Seema Singhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Spectral Karyotyping ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Igh Locus ◽  
Additional Chromosome

Multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) was performed on bone marrow samples from 50 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in anticipation of discovering new previously unidentified translocations. All samples showed complex karyotypes with chromosome aberrations which, in most cases, were not fully characterized by G-banding. Patients of special interest were those who showed add(14)(q32), add(8)(q24) and those whose G-banding karyotypes showed poor chromosome morphology. Three new recurring chromosome translocations not previously reported in MM were identified. Two of the translocations involve recurring aberrations at band 14q32.3, the site of the IgH locus, with different exchange partners. The most frequently recurring rearrangement was a subtle translocation at 14q32.3 designated as a t(14;16)(q32;q22∼23), which was identified in six patients. A second and larger translocation at 14q32, identified in two patients, was designated as a t(9;14)(p13;q32), previously associated with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma. A third translocation, identified in two patients, involved a whole-arm t(6;8)(p10;q10) translocation. The SKY technique was able to refine the designations of over 156 aberrations not fully characterized by G-banding in this study and resolved additional chromosome aberrations in every patient studied except two. The t(14;16)(q32;q22∼23) identified by SKY in this study suggests this may be a frequent translocation in MM associated with complex karyotypes and disease progression. Therefore, the SKY technique provides a useful adjunct to routine G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies in the cytogenetic analysis of MM.

scholarly journals Circularization of genes and chromosome by CRISPR in human cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Devitt Møller ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Xi Xiang ◽  
Trine Skov Petersen ◽  
Jinrong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Ring Chromosomes ◽  
Biosensor System ◽  
Technology Applications

AbstractExtrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) and ring chromosomes are genetic alterations found in humans with genetic disorders and diseases such as cancer. However, there is a lack of genetic engineering tool to recapitulate these features. Here, we report the discovery that delivery of pairs of CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNAs into human cells generate functional eccDNAs and ring chromosomes. We generated a dual-fluorescence eccDNA biosensor system, which allows us to study CRISPR deletion, inversion, and circularization of genes inside cells. Analysis after CRISPR editing at intergenic and genic loci in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and human mammary fibroblasts reveal that CRISPR deleted DNA readily form eccDNA in human cells. DNA in sizes from a few hundred base pairs up to a 47.4 megabase-sized ring chromosome (chr18) can be circularized. Our discoveries advance and expand CRISPR-Cas9 technology applications for genetic engineering, modeling of human diseases, and chromosome engineering.One Sentence Summary: CRISPR circularization of DNA offers new tools for studying eccDNA biogenesis, function, chromosome engineering, and synthetic biology.

scholarly journals Identification of genes bordering breakpoints of the pericentric inversions on 2B, 4B, and 5A in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Ma ◽  
Shang Gao ◽  
Jiri Stiller ◽  
Qian-Tao Jiang ◽  
Xiu-Jin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Close Relatives

Chromosome translocation is an important driving force in shaping genomes during evolution. Detailed knowledge of chromosome translocations in a given species and its close relatives should increase the efficiency and precision of chromosome engineering in crop improvement. To identify genes flanking the breakpoints of translocations and inversions as a step toward identifying breakpoints in bread wheat, we systematically analysed genes in the Brachypodium genome against wheat survey sequences and bin-mapped ESTs (expressed sequence tags) derived from the hexaploid wheat genotype ‘Chinese Spring’. In addition to those well-known translocations between group 4, 5, and 7 chromosomes, this analysis identified genes flanking the three pericentric inversions on chromosomes 2B, 4B, and 5A. However, numerous chromosomal rearrangements reported in early studies could not be confirmed. The genes flanking the breakpoints reported in this study are valuable for isolating these breakpoints.

scholarly journals Engineered Durum Wheat Germplasm with Multiple Alien Introgressions: Agronomic and Quality Performance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kuzmanović ◽  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Mario A. Pagnotta ◽  
Carla Ceoloni
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
Yellow Index ◽  
And Control

If genetic gains in wheat yield are to be achieved in today’s breeding, increasing the genetic variability of cultivated genotypes is an essential requisite to meet. To this aim, alien gene transfer through chromosome engineering (CE) is a validated and sound strategy. Attempts to incorporate more than one alien segment into cultivated wheat have been rare, particularly for tetraploid durum wheat. Here, we present the agronomic and quality performance of the first successful CE-mediated multiple introgression into the latter species. By assembling into 7AL, 3BS, and 1AS arms of a single genotype homoeologous segments of Thinopyrum ponticum 7el1L, Aegilops longissima 3SlS, and Triticum aestivum 1DS arms, respectively, we have stacked several valuable alien genes, comprising Lr19+Sr25+Yp (leaf and stem rust resistance and a gene increasing semolina yellowness), Pm13 (powdery mildew resistance), and Gli-D1/Glu-D3 (genes affecting gluten properties), respectively. Advanced progenies of single, double, and triple recombinants were field-tested across three years in a typical durum wheat growing area of central Italy. The results showed that not only all recombinants had normal phenotype and fertility, but also that one of the triple recombinants had the highest yield through all seasons compared with all other recombinants and control cultivars. Moreover, the multiple introgressions enhanced quality traits, including gluten characteristics and semolina yellow index. The presence of effective disease resistance genes confers additional breeding value to the novel and functional CE products, which can greatly contribute to crop security and safety.

Identification of New Nonrandom Translocations in Multiple Myeloma With Multicolor Spectral Karyotyping

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4269-4278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Sawyer ◽  
Janet L. Lukacs ◽  
Nikhil Munshi ◽  
K. Raman Desikan ◽  
Seema Singhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Spectral Karyotyping ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Igh Locus ◽  
Additional Chromosome

Abstract Multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) was performed on bone marrow samples from 50 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in anticipation of discovering new previously unidentified translocations. All samples showed complex karyotypes with chromosome aberrations which, in most cases, were not fully characterized by G-banding. Patients of special interest were those who showed add(14)(q32), add(8)(q24) and those whose G-banding karyotypes showed poor chromosome morphology. Three new recurring chromosome translocations not previously reported in MM were identified. Two of the translocations involve recurring aberrations at band 14q32.3, the site of the IgH locus, with different exchange partners. The most frequently recurring rearrangement was a subtle translocation at 14q32.3 designated as a t(14;16)(q32;q22∼23), which was identified in six patients. A second and larger translocation at 14q32, identified in two patients, was designated as a t(9;14)(p13;q32), previously associated with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma. A third translocation, identified in two patients, involved a whole-arm t(6;8)(p10;q10) translocation. The SKY technique was able to refine the designations of over 156 aberrations not fully characterized by G-banding in this study and resolved additional chromosome aberrations in every patient studied except two. The t(14;16)(q32;q22∼23) identified by SKY in this study suggests this may be a frequent translocation in MM associated with complex karyotypes and disease progression. Therefore, the SKY technique provides a useful adjunct to routine G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies in the cytogenetic analysis of MM.

scholarly journals Engineered Durum Wheat Germplasm with Multiple Alien Introgressions: Agronomic and Quality Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kuzmanović ◽  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Mario A. Pagnotta ◽  
Carla Ceoloni
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
Yellow Index ◽  
And Control

If genetic gains in wheat yield are to be achieved in today’s breeding, increasing genetic variability of cultivated genotypes is an essential requisite to meet. To this aim, alien gene transfer through chromosome engineering (CE) is a validated and sound strategy. Attempts to incorporate more than one alien segment into cultivated wheat have been rare, particularly for tetraploid durum wheat. Here we present the agronomic and quality performance of the first successful CE-mediated multiple introgression into the latter species. By assembling into 7AL, 3BS and 1AS arms of a single genotype homoeologous segments of Thinopyrum ponticum 7el1L, Aegilops longissima 3SlS, and Triticum aestivum 1DS arms, respectively, we have stacked several valuable alien genes, comprising Lr19+Sr25+Yp (leaf and stem rust resistance and a gene increasing semolina yellowness), Pm13 (powdery mildew resistance) and Gli-D1/Glu-D3 (genes affecting gluten properties), respectively. Advanced progenies of single, double and triple recombinants were field-tested across three years in a typical durum wheat growing area of Central Italy. The results showed that not only all recombinants had normal phenotype and fertility, but also that one of the triple recombinants had the highest yield through all seasons compared with all other recombinants and control cultivars. Moreover, the multiple introgressions enhanced quality traits, including gluten characteristics and semolina yellow index. Presence of effective disease resistance genes confers additional breeding value to the novel and functional CE products, which can greatly contribute to crop security and safety.

Chromosome engineering in triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kaltsikes ◽  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
A. J. Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chromosome Manipulation

Triticale has been treated as a botanical oddity until the past few years when it has become accepted as a commercial cereal crop. This paper assesses the improvements that have been made to triticale through chromosome manipulation and modification. In addition, insights into further chromosome manipulations are discussed.Key words: heterochromatin, triticale, chromosome pairing, endosperm.

SPONTANEOUS CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN MELANDRIUM

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiran C. Choudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Ring Chromosomes ◽  
Melandrium Album ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Chromosome aberrations were observed in root tip cells of Melandrium album. These aberrations were generally in the form of dicentric chromosomes involving bridge formation, ring chromosomes, fragments and elimination of acentric fragments from daughter nuclei. All the aberrations varied from 19.6 to 10.7 per cent in the first and second generation seedlings respectively. The chromosome irregularities and abortion of pollen grains (4.0 to 5.0%) are presumably due to gene mutation which has been enhanced in aged seeds.

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