The genomes of Glycine canescens F.J. Herm., and G. tomentella Hayata of Western Australia and their phylogenetic relationships in the genus Glycine Willd.

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram J Singh ◽  
Krishna P Kollipara ◽  
Theodore Hymowitz
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Group

A multidisciplinary approach is an extremely powerful tool for determining genomic diversity and establishing genomic relationships within and among species. This study used cytogenetics and a molecular method (ITS of the rDNA) to uncover genomic diversity in Glycine canescens and Glycine tomentella and to establish their phylogenetic relationships with the other diploid species of the genus Glycine. Cytogenetics revealed that G. canescens accessions (PIs 583944, 583946, 583953, and 591575) from Western Australia were genomically similar. However, they were differentiated by a paracentric inversion from the standard G. canescens (PI 440932) collected from South Australia. By contrast, G. tomentella (2n = 40) accessions from Western Australia were highly diverse genomically. Cytogenetics and ITS investigations separated the diploid G. tomentella accessions in Australia into four distinct groups. The genome symbols DD (isozyme group D3; PI 505222), D1D1 (isozyme group D5; PI 505301), D2D2 (isozyme group D5; PI 505203), and D3D3 (isozyme group D4; PI 441000) are being assigned to these four groups. The D1 and D2 genome group accessions are distributed in Western Australia. The D3-genome group of G. tomentella accessions are morphologically similar neither to A-genome species nor to the D-, D1-, or D2-genome groups. However, the D3-genome group was phylogenetically grouped with the A-genome species, while the D-, D1-, and D2-genome groups showed a close relationship with E-, H-, and I-genome species. This study demonstrates that diploid G. tomentella of Western Australia is a complex species, and from an evolutionary viewpoint, it is actively radiating out into several genomic variants.Key words: Glycine spp., soybean, genome, cytogenetics, ITS region.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationships of Tetraploid AB-Genome Avena Species Evaluated by Means of Cytogenetic (C-Banding and FISH) and RAPD Analyses

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Badaeva ◽  
O. Yu. Shelukhina ◽  
S. V. Goryunova ◽  
I. G. Loskutov ◽  
V. A. Pukhalskiy
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
C Banding ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Genome Group

Tetraploid oat species Avena abyssinica, A. vaviloviana, A. barbata, and A. agadiriana were studied using C-banding technique, in situ hybridization with the 45S and 5S rDNA probes, and RAPD analysis in comparison with the diploid species carrying different types of the A-genome (A. wiestii, As; A. longiglumis, Al; A. canariensis, Ac; A. damascena, Ad, A. prostrata, Ap). The investigation confirmed that all four tetraploids belong to the same AB-genome group; however A. agadiriana occupies distinct position among others. The C-banding, FISH, and RAPD analyses showed that Avena abyssinica, A. vaviloviana, and A. barbata are very similar; most probably they originated from a common tetraploid ancestor as a result of minor translocations and alterations of C-banding polymorphism system. AB-genome species are closely related with the A-genome diploids, and an As-genome species may be regarded as the most probable donor of their A-genome. Although their second diploid progenitor has not been identified, it seems unlikely that it belongs to the As-genome group. The exact diploid progenitors of A. agadiriana have not been determined; however our results suggest that at least one of them could be related to A. damascena.

Phylogenetic relationships of the monogenomic species of the wheat tribe, Triticeae (Poaceae), inferred from nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer) sequences

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hsiao ◽  
N. J. Chatterton ◽  
K. H. Asay ◽  
K. B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cytogenetic Evidence

Phylogenetic relationships of 30 diploid species of Triticeae (Poaceae) representing 19 genomes were estimated from the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The ITS sequence phylogeny indicated that: (i) each genome group of species is monophyletic, concordant with cytogenetic evidence; (ii) Hordeum (I) and Critesion (H) are basal; (iii) Australopyrum (W) is closely related to Agropyron (P); (iv) Peridictyon (G), Heteranthelium (Q), and Dasypyrum (V) are closely related to Pseudoroegneria (S); (v) most of the annuals, Triticum s.l. (A, B, D), Crithopsis (K), Taeniatherum (T), Eremopyrum (F), Henrardia (O), Secale (R), and two perennials, Thinopyrum (J) and Lophopyrum (E), all of Mediterranean origin, are a monophyletic group. However, phylogenetic trees based on morphology group these Mediteranean species with various perennial lineages of the Arctic-temperate region. The molecular data and biogeography of the tribe suggest that the Mediterranean lineage is derived from the Arctic-temperate lineage and that the two lineages have evolved in parallel. Extensive morphological parallelism apparently obscures the true genealogical history of the tribe when only morphology is considered.Key words: Poaceae, Triticeae, rDNA sequence, molecular phylogeny, parallel evolution.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships in A-genome species of rice as revealed by RAPD analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashige Ishii ◽  
Toshitsugu Nakano ◽  
Hideo Maeda ◽  
Osamu Kamijima
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
A Genome

Nitrate Reductase Phylogeny of Potato (Solanum sect. Petota) Genomes with Emphasis on the Origins of the Polyploid Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flor Rodríguez ◽  
David M. Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Maternal Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome

Solanum section Petota is taxonomically difficult, partly because of interspecific hybridization at both the diploid and polyploid levels. There is much disagreement regarding species boundaries and affiliation of species to series. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships within the polyploids is crucial for an effective taxonomic treatment of the section and for the utilization of wild potato germplasm in breeding programs. We here infer relationships among the potato diploids and polyploids using nitrate reductase (NIA) sequence data in comparison to prior plastid phylogenies and: 1) examine genome types within section Petota, 2) show species in the polyploid series Conicibaccata, Longipedicellata, and in the Iopetalum group to be derived from allopolyploidization, 3) support an earlier hypothesis by confirming S. verrucosum as the maternal genome donor for the polyploid species S. demissum as well as species in the Iopetalum Group, 4) demonstrate that S. verrucosum is the closest relative to the maternal genome donor for species in ser. Longipedicellata, 5) support the close relationship between S. acaule and diploid species from series Megistacroloba and Tuberosa, and 6) show the North and Central American B genome species to be well distinguished from the A genome species of South America.

Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of Avena species

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fominaya ◽  
C. Vega ◽  
E. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Intercalary Heterochromatin ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
C Banding ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome

Giemsa C-banding was used to identify individual somatic chromosomes in eight diploid species of Avena. Two patterns of heterochromatin distribution were found. The chromosomes of five A genome species (A. strigosa, A. hirtula, A. longiglumis, A. damascena, and A. canariensis) possessed mainly telomeric bands, whereas those from three C genome species (A. clauda, A. pilosa, and A. ventricosa) were characterized by higher chromatin condensation and several intercalary heterochromatin bands. The divergent evolution between the two groups is confirmed after C-banding. The unique C-banding patterns of several chromosomes in each species will be a useful tool for the study of meiotic behaviour in interspecific hybrids among Avena spp.Key words: C-banding, Avena, heterochromatin.

scholarly journals Comparative Functional Studies on Two Diploid Cotton Genomes Reveals Functional Differences of Basic Helix-loop-helix Proteins in Arabidopsis Trichome Initiation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anh Phu Nam Bui ◽  
Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian ◽  
Thuan-Anh Nguyen-Huu ◽  
Tuan-Loc Le ◽  
Hoang Dung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Tetraploid Cotton ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
A Genome

Background: The cultivated tetraploid cotton species (AD genomes) was originated from two ancestral diploid species (A and D genomes). While the ancestral A-genome species produce spinnable fibers, the D- genome species do not. Cotton fibers are unicellular trichomes originating from seed coat epidermal cells, and currently there is an immense interest in understanding the process of fiber initiation and development. Current knowledge demonstrates that there is a great of deal of resemblance in initiation mechanism between by Arabidopsis trichome and cotton fiber. Methodology: In this study, we performed comparative functional studies between A genome and D-genome species in cotton by using Arabidopsis trichome initiation as a model. Four cotton genes TTG3, MYB2, DEL61 and DEL65 were amplified from A-genome and D-genome species, and transformed into their homolog trichomeless mutants Arabidopsis ttg1, gl1, and gl3egl3, respectively. Results: Our data indicated that the transgenic plants expressing TTG3 and MYB2 genes from A-genome and D-genome species complement the ttg1 and gl1 mutants, respectively. We also discovered complete absences of two functional basic helix loop helix (bHLH) proteins (DEL65/DEL61) in D- diploid species and one (DEL65) that is functional in A-genome species, but not from D-genome species. This observation is consistent with the natural phenomenon of spinnable fiber production in A- genome species and absence in D-genome species.

Isolation and identification of Triticeae chromosome 1 receptor-like kinase genes (Lrk10) from diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species of the genus Avena

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Cheng ◽  
K C Armstrong ◽  
G Drouin ◽  
A McElroy ◽  
G Fedak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Genome Group

The DNA sequence of an extracellular (EXC) domain of an oat (Avena sativa L.) receptor-like kinase (ALrk10) gene was amplified from 23 accessions of 15 Avena species (6 diploid, 6 tetraploid, and 3 hexaploid). Primers were designed from one partial oat ALrk10 clone that had been used to map the gene in hexaploid oat to linkage groups syntenic to Triticeae chromosome 1 and 3. Cluster (phylogenetic) analyses showed that all of the oat DNA sequences amplified with these primers are orthologous to the wheat and barley sequences that are located on chromosome 1 of the Triticeae species. Triticeae chromosome 3 Lrk10 sequences were not amplified using these primers. Cluster analyses provided evidence for multiple copies at a locus. The analysis divided the ALrk EXC sequences into two groups, one of which included AA and AABB genome species and the other CC, AACC, and CCCC genome species. Both groups of sequences were found in hexaploid AACCDD genome species, but not in all accessions. The C genome group was divided into 3 subgroups: (i) the CC diploids and the perennial autotetraploid, Avena macrostachya (this supports other evidence for the presence of the C in this autotetraploid species); (ii) a sequence from Avena maroccana andAvena murphyi and several sequences from different accessions of A.sativa; and (iii) A. murphyi and sequences from A. sativa andAvena sterilis. This suggests a possible polyphyletic origin for A. sativa from the AACC progenitor tetraploids or an origin from a progenitor of the AACC tetraploids. The sequences of the A genome group were not as clearly divided into subgroups. Although a group of sequences from the accession 'SunII' and a sequence from line Pg3, are clearly different from the others, the A genome diploid sequences were interspersed with tetraploid and hexaploid sequences.Key words: phylogeny, genome evolution, speciation, oat.

C-banding and nucleolar activity of tetraploid Avena species

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fominaya ◽  
C. Vega ◽  
E. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Nucleolar Activity ◽  
C Banding ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Activity

The Giemsa C-banding pattern of the chromosomes of five tetraploid species of Avena have been studied. The chromosomes of AABB species (A. barbata, A. vaviloviana, and A. abyssinica) had similar C-banding patterns to those of A genome species. AACC species (A. maroccana and A. murphyi) possessed two sets of seven chromosome pairs with C-banding patterns similar to those observed in the diploid A and C genome species. However, no good correspondence between either of these two chromosome groups and any one diploid species has been found. When the nucleolar organizer activity of the species was analysed by silver staining, fewer nucleoli and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were observed than expected, assuming complete additivity of those from the donor diploid species.Key words: C-banding, NOR, Avena, heterochromatin.

AVENA DAMASCENA: A NEW DIPLOID OAT SPECIES

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Rajhathy ◽  
B. R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Homology ◽  
Genome Group ◽  
High Degree

A new diploid species of oat from Syria, named Avena damascena Rajhathy et Baum, is described. It has some macro- and micromorphological similarities to A. wiestii and A. prostrata, both diploids, and to tetraploid A. barbata. It differs from one or the other of them in its lemma tips, lodicules, epiblast and in the unique structure of the cuticle on the glumes. Avena damascena has a distinct symmetrical karyotype, designated Ad. The karyotype of A. prostrata is designated Ap. Avena damascena is isolated from A. prostrata by hybrid sterility and from the other diploids by cross-incompatibility. Avena damascena and A. prostrata are considered relicts of a common population because they retain a high degree of genome homology. Their chromosomes differ by two interdependent interchange complexes which led to a pollen sterility. Genome relationships in the A genome group of diploids are briefly discussed in terms of meiotic pairing patterns and karyotypes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document