Standard Giemsa C-banded karyotype of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) and its use in identification of a deletion–translocation heterozygote

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1262-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Zhi Wei ◽  
William F. Campbell ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Translocation Heterozygote ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Ten accessions of Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), collected from different geographical regions were analyzed using the C-banding technique. C-banding pattern polymorphisms were observed at all levels, i.e., within homologous chromosome pairs of the same plant, among different individuals within accessions, between different accessions of the same geographic area, and among accessions of different origins. The seven homologous groups varied in the level of C-banding pattern polymorphism; chromosomes A, B, E, and F were more variable than chromosomes C, D, and G. The polymorphisms did not hamper chromosome identification in Ps. juncea, because each chromosome pair of the Ns genome had a different basic C-banding pattern and karyotypic character. A standard C-banded karyotype of Ps. juncea is proposed based on the overall karyotypes and C-bands in the 10 accessions. The C-bands on the Ns-genome chromosomes were designated according to the rules of nomenclature used in wheat. A deletion–translocation heterozygote of Russian wildrye was identified based on the karyotype and C-banding patterns established. The chromosome F pair consisted of a chromosome having the distal segment in the long arm deleted and a translocated chromosome having the distal segment of long arm replaced by the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome E. The chromosome E pair had a normal chromosome E and a translocated chromosome having the short arm and the proximal segment of the long arm of chromosome E and the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome F.Key words: Psathyrostachys juncea, karyotype, Giemsa C-banding, polymorphism, B chromosome.

Cytological identification of some trisomics of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Zhi Wei ◽  
W. F. Campbell ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
R. Ruey-Chyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), is an important forage grass and a potential source of germplasm for cereal crop improvement. Because of genetic heterogeneity as a result of its self-incompatibility, it is difficult to identify trisomics of this diploid species based on morphological characters alone. Putative trisomies (2n = 2x + 1 = 15), derived from open pollination of a triploid plant by pollen grains of diploid plants, were characterized by Giemsa C-banding. Based on both karyotypic criteria and C-banding patterns, four of the seven possible primary trisomics, a double-deletion trisomic, and two tertiary trisomics were identified.Key words: Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea, trisomic, C-banding, karyotype.

The heterochromatin distribution and genome evolution in diploid species of Elymus and Agropyron

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ryu Endo ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Pseudoroegneria Spicata ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
High Level ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
Genome Designation

The acetocarmine–Giemsa C-banding technique was used to study heterochromatin distribution in somatic chromosomes of diploid Elymus junceus (= Psathyrostachys juncea) (2n = 14) (genome designation Ju = N) and nine diploid Agropyron species (2n = 14): A. cristatum (C = P), A. imbricatum (C = P), A. elongatum (= Elytrigia elongata = Thinopyrum elongatum) (E = J), A. junceum (= E. bessarabicum = T. bessarabicum) (J = E), A. spicatum (= Pseudoroegneria spicata) (S), A. libanoticum (= P. libanotica) (S), A. ferganense (S), A. stipifolium (= P. stipifolia) (S), and A. velutinum (V). With the exception of A. elongatum and A. velutinum, which were self-fertile, all species were cross-pollinating and self-sterile. The cross-pollinating species showed large terminal C-bands and a high level of C-band polymorphism. Agropyron elongatum, moderately self-fertile, showed small terminal and interstitial bands and a minimal C-band polymorphism. Agropyron velutinum, fully self-fertile, almost totally lacked C-bands. The Ju, C, E, and J genomes appeared to be distinctive and the equivalence of the E and J genomes was not supported from their C-banding patterns. Four species sharing the S genome, A. spicatum, A. libanoticum, A. ferganense, and A. stipifolium had C-band patterns similar to one another, although C-bands were less prominent in A. stipifolium than others.Key words: C-banding, karyotype, wheatgrass, cytology.

Multiple supernumerary chromosomes in the pseudogamous parthenogenetic flatworm Polycelis nigra: lineage markers or remnants of genetic leakage?

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Sharbel ◽  
Leo W. Beukeboom ◽  
Laas P. Pijnacker
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Supernumerary Chromosomes ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Lineage Markers

Polycelis nigra is a free-living simultaneous hermaphroditic flatworm that has amphimictic and pseudogamous parthenogenetic biotypes. Sexual individuals are always diploid (2n = 16) and pseudogamous parthenogens are polyploid (usually triploid). Two types of supernumerary chromosomes are found in parthenogens, those resembling autosomes ("A-like") and typical B chromosomes, both of which reach frequencies in populations of close to 100%. Experiments measuring the transmission rates of the B chromosomes indicated that they are potentially inherited via the male line, escaping expulsion by pseudogamous parthenogenesis. This study used the C-banding technique to demonstrate (i) that there is a single morphologically distinct B chromosome (B1) and (ii) that there are two "A-like" chromosomes that can be considered B chromosomes (B2 and B3) and which are not simple polysomics of one of the eight autosomes. As there is no genetic exchange between pseudogamous parthenogenetic lineages, two different individuals carrying a similar B morph must either have received it through common ancestry (a lineage marker) or have acquired it horizontally from another parthenogenetic lineage (leakage). C-banding further revealed intra-individual heteromorphy for band regions on chromosomes 5 and 8. This supports the karyotypic observation that oogenesis is preceded by premeiotic chromosome doubling followed by pairing of replicate homologues.Key words: B chromosome, C-banding, heterochromatin, heteromorphy, pseudogamous parthenogenesis.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis of the neotropical spider Nephilengys cruentata (Araneomorphae, tetragnathidae): standard staining, NORs, C-bands and base-specific fluorochromes

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Araújo ◽  
D. M. Cella ◽  
A. D. Brescovit
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
C Banding

The aim of this work is to characterize Nephilengys cruentata in relation to the diploid number, chromosome morphology, type of sex determination chromosome system, chromosomes bearing the Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs), C-banding pattern, and AT or GC repetitive sequences. The chromosome preparations were submitted to standard staining (Giemsa), NOR silver impregnation, C-banding technique, and base-specific fluorochrome staining. The analysis of the cells showed 2n = 24 and 2n = 26 chromosomes in the embryos, and 2n = 26 in the ovarian cells, being all the chromosomes acrocentric. The long arm of the pairs 1, 2 and 3 showed an extensive negative heteropycnotic area when the mitotic metaphases were stained with Giemsa. The sexual chromosomes did not show differential characteristics that allowed to distinguish them from the other chromosomes of the complement. Considering the diploid numbers found in N. cruentata and the prevalence of X1X2 sex determination chromosome system in Tetragnathidae, N. cruentata seems to possess 2n = 24 = 22 + X1X2 in the males, and 2n = 26 = 22 + X1X1X2X2 in the females. The pairs 1, 2 and 3 showed NORs which are coincident with the negative heteropycnotic patterns. Using the C-banding technique, the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes revealed small quantity or even absence of constitutive heterochromatin, differing of the C-banding pattern described in other species of spiders. In N. cruentata the fluorochromes DAPI/DA, DAPI/MM and CMA3/DA revealed that the constitutive heterochromatin is rich in AT bases and the NORs possess repetitive sequences of GC bases.

Constitutive heterochromatin DNA polymorphisms in diploid Medicago sativa ssp. falcata

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Bauchan ◽  
M A Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
First Report ◽  
C Banding

A Giemsa C-banding technique was used to study the amount and location of constitutive heterochromatin in diploid (2n = 2x = 16) Medicago sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli. Most accessions had the standard C-banding pattern with centromeric bands on all the chromosomes and a prominent heterochromatic band at the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) of the satellited (SAT) chromosomes. However, we observed in various accessions that constitutive heterochromatic C-bands can exist at the telomeric ends of all the chromosomes. Interstitial bands occurred on the short arms of all chromosomes except for chromosome 3 and on the long arms of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 6, only. Rearranged chromosomes such as isochromosomes have been observed for the short arms of chromosomes 2 and 6. This is the first report on the existence of C-banding polymorphisms and the detection of putative isochromsomes in the chromosomes of diploid ssp. falcata which could have contributed to the variation observed in cultivated alfalfa.Key words: alfalfa, C-bands, chromosome, isochromosome.

scholarly journals Features of biology and seminal productivity of biotypes of initial material of Psathyrostachys juncea (Russian wildrye) in Southern Middle Siberia

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
V. F. Kadorkina ◽  
M. S. Shevtsova
Keyword(s):  
Initial Material ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Application Programs ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance and methods. In the conditions of southern mid-Siberia, biological features and seed productivity of 26 biotypes of the nursery of the initial material of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Russian wildrye) of 2015 sowing are presented. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines on the selection of fodder crops and the methodology of the State Commission for Crop Testing and Statistical Data Processing — using the package of application programs "Snedecor," and B.A. Dospehova (1985), in the Excel program.Results. Phenological observations made it possible to determine the period of passage of the phases of development of samples of the slice collector from sprouts to caking, exit into the tube and shingling. The greatest stability of uniform growth from the period of spring growth to colossal is observed in biotype — K 12. Quick-ripe biotypes K 1, K 4, K 5, K 9, K 12, K 16, K 24 period from the beginning of vegetation to seed ripening is 65–75 days. Biotypes K 1, K 3, K 5, K 12, K 18 are noted by number of productive stems, length of colos, weight of seeds from 1 plant.

C-Banding Pattern and Satellite DNA Localization on the Chromosomes ofOryzomys Flavescens(Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Caryologia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vidal Rioja ◽  
T.G. de Fronza ◽  
R. Wainberg ◽  
N. Brum-Zorrilla ◽  
F. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
C Banding
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