Use of RFLPs to determine the chromosome composition of tetraploid triticale (A/B)(A/B)RR

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lelley ◽  
E. Kazman ◽  
K. M. Devos ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
B Genome

Tetraploid triticale, (A/B)(A/B)RR (2n = 28), is a botanical novelty, an amphiploid composed of a diploid rye and a 14 chromosome wheat genome made up of chromosomes of the A and B genomes of tetraploid wheat. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to elucidate the chromosome composition of the mixed wheat genome of 35 different tetraploid triticale lines. Of 128 possible A/B chromosome pair combinations, only 6 were found among these lines, with a prevalence of the 1A, 2A, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, and 7B karyotype. In most triticale lines stable wheat genomes made up of only homologous A or B genome chromosome pairs were identified, however, in some lines homoeologous chromosome pairs were found. In this paper we demonstrate that RFLPs can be used successfully as an alternative to C-banding for the identification of the chromosome composition of tetraploid triticale and discuss the possible selective advantage of specific chromosome composition.Key words: tetraploid triticale, mixed wheat genome, RFLR

Molecular characterization and chromosome-specific TRAP-marker development for Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1545-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
D.L. Klindworth ◽  
F. Shireen ◽  
X. Cai ◽  
J. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trap Marker

The aneuploid stocks of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) and common wheat ( T. aestivum L.) have been developed mainly in ‘Langdon’ (LDN) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) cultivars, respectively. The LDN-CS D-genome chromosome disomic substitution (LDN-DS) lines, where a pair of CS D-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosome pair of LDN, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. The LDN-DS lines were originally developed by crossing CS nulli-tetrasomics with LDN, followed by 6 backcrosses with LDN. They have subsequently been improved with 5 additional backcrosses with LDN. The objectives of this study were to characterize a set of the 14 most recent LDN-DS lines and to develop chromosome-specific markers, using the newly developed TRAP (target region amplification polymorphism)-marker technique. A total of 307 polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified from LDN and CS, and 302 of them were assigned to individual chromosomes. Most of the markers (95.5%) were present on a single chromosome as chromosome-specific markers, but 4.5% of the markers mapped to 2 or more chromosomes. The number of markers per chromosome varied, from a low of 10 (chromosomes 1A and 6D) to a high of 24 (chromosome 3A). There was an average of 16.6, 16.6, and 15.9 markers per chromosome assigned to the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes, respectively, suggesting that TRAP markers were detected at a nearly equal frequency on the 3 genomes. A comparison of the source of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs), used to derive the fixed primers, with the chromosomal location of markers revealed that 15.5% of the TRAP markers were located on the same chromosomes as the ESTs used to generate the fixed primers. A fixed primer designed from an EST mapped on a chromosome or a homoeologous group amplified at least 1 fragment specific to that chromosome or group, suggesting that the fixed primers might generate markers from target regions. TRAP-marker analysis verified the retention of at least 13 pairs of A- or B-genome chromosomes from LDN and 1 pair of D-genome chromosomes from CS in each of the LDN-DS lines. The chromosome-specific markers developed in this study provide an identity for each of the chromosomes, and they will facilitate molecular and genetic characterization of the individual chromosomes, including genetic mapping and gene identification.

Spontaneous somatic transfer of a segment from a wheat addition chromosome into the rye genome

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Melz ◽  
V. Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Univalent Pair ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Wheat chromosome 3B when added to the rye genome causes resistance to powdery mildew of rye (Erysiphe graminis DC. f.sp. secalis Marchal) as the result of the action of the gene Rpm1. Wheat chromosome 3B also carries the gene Got-B3 for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. In two independent, vegetatively reproduced additions of 3B to rye, the extra wheat chromosome appeared to have been lost spontaneously, but both genes were still present. The rye chromosome into which the genes had been transferred could not be identified. Chromosome 3R appeared to be morphologically unchanged, no telomeric heterochromatin normally present in any rye chromosome had disappeared, and no wheat B-genome centromeric heterochromatin was observed. At meiosis the chiasma frequency was reduced, resulting in the frequent formation of one univalent pair, and occasionally two univalent pairs. No specific chromosome pair was preferentially involved. The wheat genes could not be transferred to the progeny by selfing nor by reciprocal back-crossing, but gametes without these genes were functional. The plants were semisterile.Key words: wheat chromosome addition, rye, somatic translocation, univalents, mildew resistance.

THE TRANSFER OF GENE SR6 FROM CHROMOSOME 2D TO AN A OR B GENOME CHROMOSOME IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Dosage Effects ◽  
Third Line

A procedure was carried out to transfer to an A or B chromosome of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a segment of chromosome 2D carrying the gene Sr6 for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici Eriks. and Henn.). The objectives were to make Sr6 available for breeding in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) and to study dosage effects with Sr6. Plants were produced that had 14 pairs of chromosomes (the A and B genomes) plus an added chromosome 2D carrying Sr6, either as a whole chromosome or as an isosome or telosome. Seeds from these plants were irradiated with thermal neutrons and the M1 progeny were used as male parents in crosses with the durum cultivar Kubanka. Progeny that carried Sr6 and were resistant to stem rust were examined cytologically for the presence of translocations. Five translocations were obtained and then transferred to the hexaploid level by backcrossing. Homozygous lines were produced and four were analyzed in crosses with the Chinese Spring monosomics. In two of them the segment of the A or B genome chromosome had apparently been lost as a result of crossing over. In a third line the translocation involved 2D and its homoeologue 2A. In the final line it appeared that a segment of 2D had been inserted into chromosome 7B. When the chromosome carrying this translocation was transferred to the hexaploid level a position effect occurred that affected the expression of Sr6.

scholarly journals Heteroalleles in Common Wheat: Multiple Differences between Allelic Variants of the Gli-B1 Locus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Eugene Metakovsky ◽  
Laura Pascual ◽  
Patrizia Vaccino ◽  
Viktor Melnik ◽  
Marta Rodriguez-Quijano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
B Genome

The Gli-B1-encoded γ-gliadins and non-coding γ-gliadin DNA sequences for 15 different alleles of common wheat have been compared using seven tests: electrophoretic mobility (EM) and molecular weight (MW) of the encoded major γ-gliadin, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns (RFLPs) (three different markers), Gli-B1-γ-gliadin-pseudogene known SNP markers (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) and sequencing the pseudogene GAG56B. It was discovered that encoded γ-gliadins, with contrasting EM, had similar MWs. However, seven allelic variants (designated from I to VII) differed among them in the other six tests: I (alleles Gli-B1i, k, m, o), II (Gli-B1n, q, s), III (Gli-B1b), IV (Gli-B1e, f, g), V (Gli-B1h), VI (Gli-B1d) and VII (Gli-B1a). Allele Gli-B1c (variant VIII) was identical to the alleles from group IV in four of the tests. Some tests might show a fine difference between alleles belonging to the same variant. Our results attest in favor of the independent origin of at least seven variants at the Gli-B1 locus that might originate from deeply diverged genotypes of the donor(s) of the B genome in hexaploid wheat and therefore might be called “heteroallelic”. The donor’s particularities at the Gli-B1 locus might be conserved since that time and decisively contribute to the current high genetic diversity of common wheat.

scholarly journals A Microsatellite Map of Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S Röder ◽  
Victor Korzun ◽  
Katja Wendehake ◽  
Jens Plaschke ◽  
Marie-Hélène Tixier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Microsatellite Map ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Primer Sets

Abstract Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is one of the world's most important crop plants and displays a very low level of intraspecific polymorphism. We report the development of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers using procedures optimized for the large wheat genome. The isolation of microsatellite-containing clones from hypomethylated regions of the wheat genome increased the proportion of useful markers almost twofold. The majority (80%) of primer sets developed are genome-specific and detect only a single locus in one of the three genomes of bread wheat (A, B, or D). Only 20% of the markers detect more than one locus. A total of 279 loci amplified by 230 primer sets were placed onto a genetic framework map composed of RFLPs previously mapped in the reference population of the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) Opata 85 × W7984. Sixty-five microsatellites were mapped at a LOD >2.5, and 214 microsatellites were assigned to the most likely intervals. Ninety-three loci were mapped to the A genome, 115 to the B genome, and 71 to the D genome. The markers are randomly distributed along the linkage map, with clustering in several centromeric regions.

scholarly journals A Genetic Map of Gibberella fujikuroi Mating Population A (Fusarium moniliforme)

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-rong Xu ◽  
John F Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Mating Population ◽  
Spore Killer ◽  
Chiasma Interference

Abstract We constructed a recombination-based map of the fungal plant pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (asexual stage Fusarium moniliforme). The map is based on the segregation of 142 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, two auxotrophic genes (arg1, nic1), mating type (matA+ / matA−), female sterility (ste1), spore-killer (Sk), and a gene governing the production of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (fum1) among 121 random ascospore progeny from a single cross. We identified 12 linkage groups corresponding to the 12 chromosome-sized DNAs previously observed in contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gels. Linkage groups and chromosomes were correlated via Southern blots between appropriate RFLP markers and the CHEF gels. Eleven of the 12 chromosomes are meiotically stable, but the 12th (and smallest) is subject to deletions in 3% (4/121) of the progeny. Positive chiasma interference occurred on five of the 12 chromosomes, and nine of the 12 chromosomes averaged more than one crossover per chromosome. The average kb/cM ratio in this cross is ~32.

scholarly journals Detection and Effects of a Homeologous Reciprocal Transposition in Brassica napus

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 1569-1577
Author(s):  
Thomas C Osborn ◽  
David V Butrulle ◽  
Andrew G Sharpe ◽  
Kathryn J Pickering ◽  
Isobel A P Parkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Homeologous Chromosomes ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract A reciprocal chromosomal transposition was identified in several annual oilseed Brassica napus genotypes used as parents in crosses to biennial genotypes for genetic mapping studies. The transposition involved an exchange of interstitial homeologous regions on linkage groups N7 and N16, and its detection was made possible by the use of segregating populations of doubled haploid lines and codominant RFLP markers. RFLP probes detected pairs of homeologous loci on N7 and N16 for which the annual and biennial parents had identical alleles in regions expected to be homeologous. The existence of an interstitial reciprocal transposition was confirmed by cytological analysis of synaptonemal complexes of annual × biennial F1 hybrids. Although it included approximately one-third of the physical length of the N7 and N16 chromosomes, few recombination events within the region were recovered in the progenies of the hybrids. Significantly higher seed yields were associated with the parental configurations of the rearrangement in segregating progenies. These progenies contained complete complements of homeologous chromosomes from the diploid progenitors of B. napus, and thus their higher seed yields provide evidence for the selective advantage of allopolyploidy through the fixation of intergenomic heterozygosity.

Physical mapping of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in homoeologous groups 1 and 3 chromosomes of wheat by in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
X -F. Ma ◽  
K Ross ◽  
J P Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Using wheat ditelosomic lines and in situ hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA probes, 18 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were physically located on homoeologous groups 1 and 3 chromosomes of wheat. Most of the markers hybridized to chromosome arms in a physical order concordant with the genetic maps. A majority of the markers studied were clustered in non-C-banded, distal euchromatic areas, indicating the presence of recombination hot spots and cold spots in those regions. However, on 1BS the markers were well dispersed, which could be due to the abundance of heterochromatin throughout the arm. An inversion between Xpsr653 and Xpsr953 was observed on 1AL. One new Xpsr688 locus, approximately 20–26% from the centromere, was found on 1AS and 1BS. The physical location of Xpsr170 on group 3 chromosomes probably represents an alternative to the loci on the genetic map. Finally, Xpsr313 was mapped to two physical loci on 1DL. Five markers were located to bins consistent with the deletion-based physical maps.Key words: wheat, physical mapping, in situ hybridization.

A cytological and molecular analysis of D-genome chromosome retention following F2–F6 generations of hexaploid×tetraploid wheat crosses

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Padmanaban ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Mark W. Sutherland ◽  
Noel L. Knight ◽  
Anke Martin
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Global Food

Both hexaploid bread wheat (AABBDD) (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid durum wheat (AABB) (T. turgidum spp. durum) are highly significant global food crops. Crossing these two wheats with different ploidy levels results in pentaploid (AABBD) F1 lines. This study investigated the differences in the retention of D chromosomes between different hexaploid × tetraploid crosses in subsequent generations by using molecular and cytological techniques. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the retention of D chromosomes in the F2 generation depending on the parents of the original cross. One of the crosses, 2WE25 × 950329, retained at least one copy of each D chromosome in 48% of its F2 lines. For this cross, the retention or elimination of D chromosomes was determined through several subsequent self-fertilised generations. Cytological analysis indicated that D chromosomes were still being eliminated at the F5 generation, suggesting that in some hexaploid × tetraploid crosses, D chromosomes are unstable for many generations. This study provides information on the variation in D chromosome retention in different hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses and suggests efficient strategies for utilising D genome retention or elimination to improve bread and durum wheat, respectively.

Mapping genes for resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica juncea

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Christianson ◽  
S R Rimmer ◽  
A G Good ◽  
D J Lydiate
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Blackleg Disease ◽  
Recessive Resistance ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Blackleg disease of crucifers, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is a major concern to oilseed rape producers worldwide. Brassica species containing the B genome have high levels of resistance to blackleg. Brassica juncea F2 and first-backcross (B1) populations segregating for resistance to a PG2 isolate of L. maculans were created. Segregation for resistance to L. maculans in these populations suggested that resistance was controlled by two independent genes, one dominant and one recessive in nature. A map of the B. juncea genome was constructed using segregation in the F2 population of a combination of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and microsatel lite markers. The B. juncea map consisted of 325 loci and was aligned with previous maps of the Brassica A and B genomes. The gene controlling dominant resistance to L. maculans was positioned on linkage group J13 based on segregation for resistance in the F2 population. This position was confirmed in the B1 population in which the resistance gene was definitively mapped in the interval flanked by pN199RV and sB31143F. The provisional location of the recessive gene controlling resistance to L. maculans on linkage group J18 was identified using a subset of informative F2 individuals.Key words: blackleg, B genome, phoma, recessive resistance.

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