Genetic analysis of the foraging microregion of Drosophila melanogaster

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Steven de Belle ◽  
Marla B. Sokolowski ◽  
Arthur J. Hilliker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Behavioural Phenotypes ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Behaviour Genetics ◽  
New Mutations

The rover/sitter polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster larval behaviour is a unique example of a genetically determined, naturally occurring behavioural polymorphism. Allelic variation at the foraging locus (for) accounts for the rover (long foraging paths) and sitter (short foraging paths) phenotypes. We previously developed lethal tagging and used deficiency mapping to place for in the 24A3-C5 interval on the polytene chromosome map, thereby defining the for microregion. Here, we subjected this microregion to mutational analysis to (i) isolate putative lethal foraging mutations and characterize their behavioural phenotypes to assess whether or not for is a vital locus, (ii) generate cytologically detectable chromosome rearrangements with breakpoints in or near for for more precise localization and for future molecular analysis of the for gene, and (iii) identify other gene loci in the immediate vicinity of the for locus. We recovered 10 gamma-induced and 33 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced new mutations that define seven complementation groups in 24A3-D4. Two new EMS-induced lethal for alleles and four gamma-induced rearrangements with breakpoints in for were identified, which allowed us to further localize for to 24A3-5. All lethal mutations in for resulted in an altered behavioural phenotype providing evidence that both vital and behavioural functions are encoded by for.Key words: behaviour, genetics, foraging microregion, Drosophila melanogaster, larvae.

scholarly journals Mutational Analysis of a Histone Deacetylase in Drosophila melanogaster: Missense Mutations Suppress Gene Silencing Associated With Position Effect Variegation

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Mottus ◽  
Richard E Sobel ◽  
Thomas A Grigliatti
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Position Effect Variegation ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Effect Variegation ◽  
New Mutations

Abstract For many years it has been noted that there is a correlation between acetylation of histones and an increase in transcriptional activity. One prediction, based on this correlation, is that hypomorphic or null mutations in histone deacetylase genes should lead to increased levels of histone acetylation and result in increased levels of transcription. It was therefore surprising when it was reported, in both yeast and fruit flies, that mutations that reduced or eliminated a histone deacetylase resulted in transcriptional silencing of genes subject to telomeric and heterochromatic position effect variegation (PEV). Here we report the first mutational analysis of a histone deacetylase in a multicellular eukaryote by examining six new mutations in HDAC1 of Drosophila melanogaster. We observed a suite of phenotypes accompanying the mutations consistent with the notion that HDAC1 acts as a global transcriptional regulator. However, in contrast to recent findings, here we report that specific missense mutations in the structural gene of HDAC1 suppress the silencing of genes subject to PEV. We propose that the missense mutations reported here are acting as antimorphic mutations that “poison” the deacetylase complex and propose a model that accounts for the various phenotypes associated with lesions in the deacetylase locus.

scholarly journals MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE REGION SURROUNDING THE 93D HEAT SHOCK LOCUS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
Jym Mohler ◽  
Mary Lou Pardue
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Shock Locus ◽  
Shock Proteins

ABSTRACT The region containing subdivisions 93C, 93D and 93E on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster has been screened for visible and lethal mutations. Treatment with three mutagens, γ irradiation, ethyl methanesulfonate and diepoxybutane, has produced mutations that fall into 20 complementation groups, including the previously identified ebony locus. No point mutations affecting the heat shock locus in 93D were detected; however, a pair of deficiencies that overlap in the region of this locus was isolated. Flies heterozygous in trans for this pair of deficiencies are capable of producing all of the major heat shock puffs (except 93D) and the major heat shock proteins. In addition, these flies show recovery of normal protein synthesis following a heat shock.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ANTENNAPEDIA GENE COMPLEX (ANT-C) AND ADJACENT CHROMOSOMAL REGIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. POLYTENE CHROMOSOME SEGMENTS 84A–84B1,2

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-397
Author(s):  
R A Lewis ◽  
B T Wakimoto ◽  
R E Denell ◽  
T C Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
New Alleles ◽  
New Mutations

ABSTRACT The existence of a gene complex in the proximal right arm of chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster involved in the development of the head and thorax was originally suggested by the phenotypes of several dominant homoeotic mutations and their revertants. A screen for mutations utilizing Df(3R) AntpNS+R17 (proximally broken in salivary region 84B1,2) yielded, among 102 recovered mutations, 17 localized by deficiency mapping to the putative homoeotic cluster. These fell into four complementation groups, two of which were characterized by homoeotic phenotypes. To explore the limits of the Antennapedia gene complex (ANT-C) more proximally, a second screen has been undertaken utilizing Df(3R)Scr, a deficiency of 84A1-B1,2.——Of 2832 chromosomes screened, 21 bearing alterations localized to polytene interval 84A-84B1,2 have been recovered. Sixteen are recessive lethals, and five showing reduced viability display a visible phenotype in surviving individuals. Complementation and phenotypic analyses revealed four complementation groups proximal to those identified in the previous screen, including two new alleles of the recessive homoeotic mutation, proboscipedia (pb). Ten of the new mutations correspond to complementation groups defined previously in the Df(3R)AntpNS+R17 screen, four to the EbR11 group, two to the Scr group and four to the Antp group.——On the basis of the phenotypes of the 39 mutations localized to this region, plus their interactions with extant homoeotic mutations, we postulate that there are at least five functional sites comprising the ANT-C. Three have been demonstrated to he homoeotic in nature. The specific homoeotic transformations thus far observed suggest that these loci are critical for normal development of adult labial, maxillary and thoracic structures.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome region 73AD of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-793
Author(s):  
J M Belote ◽  
F M Hoffmann ◽  
M McKeown ◽  
R L Chorsky ◽  
B S Baker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Molecular Maps ◽  
Dominant Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Dark Body

Abstract The 73AD salivary chromosome region of Drosophila melanogaster was subjected to mutational analysis in order to (1) generate a collection of chromosome breakpoints that would allow a correlation between the genetic, cytological and molecular maps of the region and (2) define the number and gross organization of complementation groups within this interval. Eighteen complementation groups were defined and mapped to the 73A2-73B7 region, which is comprised of 17 polytene bands. These complementation groups include the previously known scarlet (st), transformer (tra) and Dominant temperature-sensitive lethal-5 (DTS-5) genes, as well as 13 new recessive lethal complementation groups and one male and female sterile locus. One of the newly identified lethal complementation groups corresponds to the molecularly identified abl locus, and another gene is defined by mutant alleles that exhibit an interaction with the abl mutants. We also recovered several mutations in the 73C1-D1.2 interval, representing two lethal complementation groups, one new visible mutant, plucked (plk), and a previously known visible, dark body (db). There is no evidence of a complex of sex determination genes in the region near tra.

scholarly journals A cytogenetic analysis of the Punch-tudor region of chromosome 2R in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
J O'Donnell ◽  
R Boswell ◽  
T Reynolds ◽  
W Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Chromosome Bands ◽  
New Alleles ◽  
New Mutations

Abstract Eleven chromosomal deficiencies and several rearrangements in the Pu-tud region of chromosome 2R have been generated and examined cytologically. The Pu locus has been localized to chromosome bands 57C5-6 and tud to 57C7-8. Mutagenesis within the region defined by the deletion intervals has resulted in the isolation of 92 new lethal mutations. Seventy-six of these mutations have been separated into 16 complementation groups that have been ordered and placed cytologically by deletion mapping. All new alleles fully complement tud for both lethal and grandchildless phenotypes. The largest number of new mutations, a total of 25, are Pu alleles.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of chromosomal region 67A-D of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-593
Author(s):  
B G Leicht ◽  
J J Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Small Hsps ◽  
Protein Gels ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Hsp Genes ◽  
Pharate Adult

Abstract In an effort to (1) characterize the 67 interval of chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster genetically and (2) isolate mutations of the 67B1 small heat shock protein (hsp) gene cluster specifically, we undertook a mutational analysis of the 67A-D subinterval. Using a deficiency of the 67A2 to 67D11-13 region, Df(3L)AC1, we screened 8700 diepoxybutane-treated chromosomes and 7800 ethyl methanesulfonate-treated chromosomes for visible and lethal mutations throughout this interval and recovered 74 independent recessive lethal mutations, but no visible mutations. One of the lethal mutations, d29A6, was identified as an overlapping deficiency extending from 66F3 to 67B1. An additional 6000 diepoxybutane-treated chromosomes were screened for lethality over d29A6, yielding another four lethal mutations within the 67A2-B1 subinterval. These 78 lethal mutations, along with two others isolated in other laboratories, define 23 essential loci--6 within the 67A2-B1 subinterval and 17 within the 67A2 to D11-13 subinterval. Many of these loci appear to be required for imaginal development only, exhibiting late larval to pharate adult lethal phases. Examination of the 67A2-B1 lethal complementation groups for (1) earlier onset of lethality following a heat shock, (2) missing or altered small hsps on two-dimensional protein gels, and (3) restoration of viability by transformed wild-type copies of the small hsp genes indicates that none of these mutations affect the small hsps. On the basis of this analysis and the known homology of the genes, we conclude that the small hsps are functionally equivalent.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the Shaker gene complex of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ferrús ◽  
S Llamazares ◽  
J L de la Pompa ◽  
M A Tanouye ◽  
O Pongs
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Structural Locus ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Shaker complex (ShC) spans over 350 kb in the 16F region of the X chromosome. It can be dissected by means of aneuploids into three main sections: the maternal effect (ME), the viable (V) and the haplolethal (HL) regions. The mutational analysis of ShC shows a high density of antimorphic mutations among 12 lethal complementation groups in addition to 14 viable alleles. The complex is the structural locus of a family of potassium channels as well as a number of functions relevant to the biology of the nervous system. The constituents of ShC seem to be linked by functional relationships in view of the similarity of the phenotypes, antimorphic nature of their mutations and the behavior in transheterozygotes. We discuss the relationship between the genetic organization of ShC and the functional coupling of potassium currents with the other functions encoded in the complex.

scholarly journals A cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal region 31 of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Clegg ◽  
I P Whitehead ◽  
J K Brock ◽  
D A Sinclair ◽  
R Mottus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect Variegation ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Chromosomal Proteins ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
New Alleles ◽  
Dominant Suppressor ◽  
New Mutations

Abstract Cytogenetic region 31 of the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster was screened for recessive lethal mutations. One hundred and thirty nine new recessive lethal alleles were isolated that fail to complement Df(2L)J2 (31A-32A). These new alleles, combined with preexisting mutations in the region, define 52 complementation groups, 35 of which have not previously been described. Among the new mutations were alleles of the cdc2 and mfs(2)31 genes. Six new deficiencies were also isolated and characterized identifying 16 deficiency subintervals within region 31. The new deficiencies were used to further localize three loci believed to encode non-histone chromosomal proteins. Suvar(2)1/Su(var)214, a dominant suppressor of position-effect variegation (PEV), maps to 31A-B, while the recessive suppressors of PEV mfs(2)31 and wdl were localized to regions 31E and 31F-32A, respectively. In addition, the cytological position of several mutations that interact with heterochromatin were more precisely defined.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF ESTERASE-6 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. THE GENETICS AND FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING VARIANTS STUDIED BY ELECTROPHORETIC AND HEAT STABILITY CRITERIA

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J Cochrane ◽  
Rollin C Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
Different Populations

ABSTRACT Measurements of the electrophoretic mobility and thermostability of esterase-6 allozymes have been used to determine the amount of allelic variation at the esterase-6 locus in Drosophila melanogaster. We studied 39.8 homozygous lines obtained from four natural populations. Use of a spectro-photometric assay for esterase-6 activity has allowed precise quantitation of heat-stability variants. Using these methods, eight putative alleles were detected within the two most common electrophoretic classes. Analyses of F1 and F2 progeny show that the behavior of stability variants is consistent with the hypothesis that this variation is due to allelic variation at the Est-6 locus. Analyses of the gene-frequency distributions within and between populations show (1) that observed allele-frequency distributions do not deviate significantly from those expected for neutral variants, and (2) that there is little evidence for an increase in apparent divergence of the different populations at the genotypic o r phenotypic levels when the additional variation detected is considered. These findings suggest that gene-frequency analysis alone is unlikely to resolve the question of the selective significance of allozyme variation.

scholarly journals THIRD-CHROMOSOME MUTAGEN-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 607-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Boyd ◽  
M D Golino ◽  
K E S Shaw ◽  
C J Osgood ◽  
M M Green
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Dna Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT A total of 34 third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster that render homozygous larvae hypersensitive to killing by chemical mutagens have been isolated. Genetic analyses have placed responsible mutations in more than eleven complementation groups. Mutants in three complementation groups are strongly sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate, those in one are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, and mutants in six groups are hypersensitive to both mutagens. Eight of the ten loci mapped fall within 15% of the genetic map that encompasses the centromere of chromosome 3. Mutants from four of the complementation groups are associated with moderate to strong meiotic effects in females. Preliminary biochemical analyses have implicated seven of these loci in DNA metabolism.

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