Detection of polymorphic loci in Arachis germplasm using random amplified polymorphic DNAs

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Lanham ◽  
Sarah Fennell ◽  
J. P. Moss ◽  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Potential Exploitation ◽  
Synthetic Amphidiploid

The development of easily scoreable genetic markers in Arachis will facilitate the introgression of desirable traits from wild species into adapted germplasm. We have used random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) to identify polymorphic molecular markers in a range of wild and cultivated Arachis species. From a total of sixty 10-mer oligonucleotide primers, 49 polymorphic loci were identified between a cultivated A. hypogaea type (TMV-2) and a synthetic amphidiploid (B × C)2 created from a A. batizocoi and A. chacoense cross. The inheritance of polymorphic markers, both in the amphidiploid and in the F1 progeny in a TMV-2 × (B × C)2 cross, has also been demonstrated. The potential exploitation of RAPD markers in groundnut improvement programs is discussed.Key words: groundnut, Arachis species, RAPDs, amphidiploid.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Study of Green Bean [Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)] using Morphological, Allozyme, and RAPD Markers

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122A-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feishi Luan ◽  
Zhanyong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study ◽  
Diversity Study

The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic relationship by using morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. Sixty accessions of green bean [Phaseolusvulgaris (L.)], including 43 from North China, 13 from the International Center for Tropic Agriculture, and four from Poland, were collected and divided into three groups: cultivated determinate (35), cultivated indeterminate (12), and semi-wild determinate (13). Dendrograms were constructed based on the genetic similarity and distance analysis of these 60 accessions by using biological characters, allozyme, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The 60 accessions were classified into two groups based on the genetic relationship examined in their biological characters. The cultivated indeterminate formed one group, and cultivated determinate and semi-wild determinate belonged to another group. Ten allozymes with 25 polymorphic loci divided the 60 accessions into nine groups, i.e., five groups for cultivated determinate, two groups for cultivated indeterminate, and two groups for semi-wild determinate. Twenty-nine RAPD markers with 314 polymorphic loci divided the 60 accessions into 13 groups, i.e., nine groups for cultivated determinate, three groups for cultivated indeterminate, and one group for semi-wild determinate. The average genetic similarities and genetic distance of intra-group and inter-groups were 0.81 and 0.75, and 0.19 and 0.24, respectively. Ten bands were characterized as specifically associated with cultivated determinate, one band specific for cultivated indeterminate, and one band for semi-wild. These biochemical and molecular markers provided more information than morphological markers. Allozyme and RAPD markers can be used as an available tool to exploit green bean germplasm in the future.

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Debnath ◽  
Y. L. Siow ◽  
J. Petkau ◽  
D. An ◽  
N. V. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Improvement Programs

Debnath, S. C., Siow, Y. L., Petkau, J., An, D. and Bykova, N. V. 2012. Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1121–1133. An improved understanding of important roles of dietary fruits in maintaining human health has led to a dramatic increase of global berry crop production. Berry fruits contain relatively high levels of vitamin C, cellulose and pectin, and produce anthocyanins, which have important therapeutic values, including antitumor, antiulcer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. There is a need to develop reliable methods to identify berry germplasm and assess genetic diversity/relatedness for dietary properties in berry genotypes for practical breeding purposes through genotype selection in a breeding program for cultivar development, and proprietary-rights protection. The introduction of molecular biology techniques, such as DNA-based markers, allows direct comparison of different genetic materials independent of environmental influences. Significant progress has been made in diversity analysis of wild cranberry, lowbush blueberry, lingonberry and cloudberry germplasm, and in strawberry and raspberry cultivars and advanced breeding lines developed in Canada. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers detected an adequate degree of polymorphism to differentiate among berry genotypes, making this technology valuable for cultivar identification and for the more efficient choice of parents in the current berry improvement programs. Although multiple factors affect antioxidant activity, a wide range of genetic diversity has been reported in wild and cultivated berry crops. Diversity analysis based on molecular markers did not agree with those from antioxidant activity. The paper also discusses the issues that still need to be addressed to utilize the full potential of molecular techniques including expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) analysis to develop improved environment-friendly berry cultivars suited to the changing needs of growers and consumers.

scholarly journals Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Analysis for Genetic Characterization of Two Breeds of Dogs, German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jarina Joshsi ◽  
Lumanti Manandhar ◽  
Patima Shrestha ◽  
Rani Gupta ◽  
Rojlina Manadhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Random Amplification

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic diversity in dog samples belonging to populations of German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz. A total of twelve samples were typed using eight RAPD primers. Out of eight primers, three primers gave result in six individuals of dogs. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor joining method based on Nei. Original measures revealed highest genetic identity found in German Shepherd as 0.9444 and highest genetic distance as 1.2809. The analysis predicts the number of polymorphic loci as 15 and the percentage of polymorphic loci as 83.3. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 73-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7717

scholarly journals Genetic variability in physic nuts cultivated in Northeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanice Dias Oliveira ◽  
Allivia Rouse Carregosa Rabbani ◽  
Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva ◽  
Ana da Silva Lédo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

This research had as objective to characterize genetically individuals of physic nut cultivated in experimental areas in Sergipe, Brazil by means of RAPD molecular markers. Leaves of 40 individuals were collected and DNA was isolated using CTAB 2% method. Were used 30 primers RAPD for DNA amplification, and this data was used to estimate the genetic similarity among the pairs of individuals, using Jaccard coefficient, and group them out for the UPGMA method. Also, the genetic structure and diversity of the populations were assessed using AMOVA. Of the 100 fragments generated, 29 of were polymorphic. A similarity average of 0.54 among the individuals was found and the amplitude similarities varied from 0.18 to 1.00. One of them (U5) was unit clusters and formed by the most divergent individuals. AMOVA indicated that there is more variation within (63%) the population. In conclusion, it was possible verify genetic variability in physic nut using RAPD markers at these experimental areas.

scholarly journals Reexamining the Classification of Theobroma cacao L. Using Molecular Markers

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Figueira ◽  
Jules Janick ◽  
Morris Levy ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Continuous Variation ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Species Separation ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Rdna Polymorphism

Genetic similarities among eight Theobroma and two Herrania species, including 29 genotypes of T. cacao, were estimated by rDNA polymorphism. A phenogram based on these genetic similarities significantly separated two clusters: one cluster included all Herrania and Theobroma species, except T. cacao, while the second contained 28 of 29 T. cacao genotypes. There was no clear distinction between Herrania and Theobroma species. Separation of 29 T. cacao genotypes, representing all races and various origins, had no congruency with the conventional classification into three horticultural races: Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario. Genetic similarities in T. cacao, estimated with RAPD markers, indicated continuous variation among the generally similar but heterogeneous genotypes. The wild genotypes formed an outgroup distinct from the cultivated genotypes, a distinction supported by the rDNA data. The phenograms constructed from RAPD and rDNA data were not similar within the wild and cultivated cacao subsets.

Gintarasia and Xalocoa, two new genera to accommodate temperate to subtropical species in the predominantly tropical Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaphan Kraichak ◽  
Sittiporn Parnmen ◽  
Robert Lücking ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Complex Chemistry ◽  
Subtropical Species

The phylogenetic placement of Chapsa lamellifera, C. megalophthalma and Diploschistes ocellatus was studied using a dataset of five genetic markers (mtSSU, nuLSU, RPB1, RPB2 and ITS). As extratropical species occurring in Australasia, C. lamellifera and C. megalophthalma differ from other species in that genus by having relatively large ascomata with muriform ascospores and complex chemistry of either the protocetraric or stictic acids chemosyndrome. D. ocellatus is unique within Diploschistes, in lacking lateral paraphyses and containing the norstictic acid chemosyndrome. Previous phylogenetic analysis gave inconclusive results regarding the phylogenetic position of these taxa, and hence in the present study, a larger sampling of molecular markers was employed. Our results demonstrated that the two Chapsa species and D. ocellatus are not part of their current genera. Consequently, the new genera Gintarasia Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch and Xalocoa Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch are described to accommodate these species. The new combinations Gintarasia lamellifera (Kantvilas & Vězda) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch, G. lordhowensis (Mangold) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch, G. megalophthalma (Müll. Arg.) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch and Xalocoa ocellata (Vill.) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch are also proposed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Variation of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) Cultivars Using SCoT, CDDP and RAPD Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Saidi ◽  
Zahra Daneshvar ◽  
Zohreh Hajibarat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum ◽  
Rapd Polymorphism

To evaluate the genetic diversity among 10 cultivars of anthurium were performed using three molecular markers such as Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP), and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Polymorphism index content (PIC) was calculated 0.39, 0.42 and 0.37 for RAPD, SCoT and CDDP, respectively. This result showed all the three molecular markers had almost an identical potential in estimating genetic diversity. Cluster analysis using SCoT, CDDP and RAPD divided the cultivars to three distinct clusters. The similarity matrix obtained through SCoT and CDDP was positively significantly correlated (r = 0.76, p < 0.01). This is the first report in which the efficiency of two targeted DNA region molecular markers (SCoT and CDDP) together with RAPD technique have been compared with each other in a set of anthurium cultivras. Results suggested that SCOT, CDDP and RAPD fingerprinting techniques are of sufficient ability to detect polymorphism in anthurium cultivars. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 28(2): 171-182, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals Morphologic and molecular characterization of Myrciaria spp species

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Pereira ◽  
Antonio Luis de Oliveira ◽  
Regina Eli de Almeida Pereira ◽  
Janete Apparecida Desidério Sena ◽  
Juliana Regina Vieira da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Botanical Classification ◽  
Made In

The jabuticaba tree is considered one of the most typical Brazilian fruit trees. However, few studies of this plant are found in the literature and even its botanical classification is very controversial. The present research reports some comparisons between jabuticaba species, using morphologic (organography) and molecular markers techniques. The morphologic characteristics of the plant used as markers were compared with specimens of the herbaria from São Paulo and Minas Gerais States and with the descriptions reported in the literature. Molecular differences between the species were identified by the use of RAPD markers. The experiment was made in Piracicaba, Jaboticabal and Ituverava municipal districts in São Paulo State, Brazil. Morphologic and molecular differences between the studied plants were identified and four groups of species were defined: Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg, M. coronata Mattos, M. jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg. and Myrciaria phytrantha (Kiaersk.) Mattos. Both molecular and morphologic markers techniques showed to be important tools for the identification of jabuticaba tree species.

Comparative analysis of diversity based on morpho-metric and molecular markers in chickpea over different environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Rialch ◽  
Rama Kalia ◽  
H. K. Chaudhary ◽  
B. Kumar ◽  
J. C. Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Metric Traits

Ten morpho-agronomic traits and 80 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were used to survey genetic diversity in 25 chickpea genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant variability among different genotypes for morpho-metric traits. The cluster analysis done using morpho-metric traits grouped 25 genotypes into seven and six clusters in Environment I (Env. I) and Environment II (Env. II), respectively. Three genotypes viz., ICCV-96904, HPG-17, ICCV-95503 and L-HR-1 belonging to diverse clusters were identified divergent and may use in heterosis breeding programme. Of 80 random RAPD markers, 25 were found polymorphic. Three major clusters were identified using 25 polymorphic RAPD markers. The genetic similarity coefficient among genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) for 25 RAPD markers ranges from 0.12 to 0.40. D2-statistic, RAPD analysis and study of genotypes performance revealed sufficient genetic diversity among chickpea genotypes which would be useful in future breeding programme.

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