2n gametes in Solanum commersonii and cytological mechanisms of triplandroid formation in triploid hybrids of Solanum commersonii × Solanum gourlayi

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Masuelli ◽  
E. L. Camadro ◽  
A. O. Mendiburu
Keyword(s):  
2N Gametes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Stainable Pollen ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Common Potato ◽  
Aneuploid Chromosome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bridge Species ◽  
Solanum Gourlayi

Solanum commersonii Dun. (cmm) is a diploid wild species of potential value for potato breeding. Ploidy level manipulations are necessary to cross this species with the common potato. This could be achieved by the use of "bridge" species and sexual polyploidization in which 2n gametes are involved. Eight introductions of cmm were screened for production of (i) diplandroids, through cytological observations confirmed by controlled 4x Solanum acaule Bitt. (acl) × 2x cmm crosses, and (ii) diplogynoids, by controlled 2x cmm × 2x Solanum gourlayi Haw. (grl) crosses. Eleven plants produced 1–3% large size pollen and one plant produced more than 3% of this type of pollen. Twelve triploid and seven tetraploid hybrids were obtained when these plants were used in crosses with acl. On the other hand, 75 triploid hybrids were obtained from the second type of cross. The average pollen stainability in the diplogynoid triploid cmm × grl hybrids was 18.9%, with a range of 2–34.4%. Forty-four to 54.6% of meiocytes with parallel spindles in metaphase II and anaphase II were observed in microsporogenesis of these hybrids. For each clone, the frequency of triplandroids predicted according to the frequency of meiocytes with parallel, fused and tripolar spindles in anaphase II were 52.3, 36.6, and 45.2%, respectively. These values were highly superior to the frequency of triplandroids predicted according to the number of dyads and triads observed, 8.8, 0.7, and 3.9%, respectively. However, triplandroid frequencies predicted according to the frequencies of fused and tripolar spindles agree with the triplandroid frequencies observed. The frequencies of stainable pollen grains are not completely accounted for by the formation of fused and tripolar spindles. In view of the variability encountered in size, it is assumed that a high proportion of gametophytes with aneuploid chromosome numbers are also stainable. A hypothesis is put forward regarding the possible genetic control of triplandroid formation in the diplogynous triploid hybrids analyzed.Key words: 2n gametes, triploid hybrids, spindle orientation, Solanum commersonii Dun.

Inheritance and microsporogenesis of a synaptic mutant (sy-2) from Solanum commersonii Dun.

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Johnston ◽  
R. W. Ruhde ◽  
M. K. Ehlenfeldt ◽  
R. E. Hanneman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
2N Pollen ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Stainable Pollen ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Meiotic Mutants

A mutant has been found in diploid Solanum commersonii (2n = 2x = 24) in which no bivalents are formed during microsporogenesis. This trait, a simply inherited recessive, has been designated sy-2. It conditions high levels of pollen sterility through random chromosome segregation at anaphase I. Only the nucleolar-associated chromosomes appear to segregate non-randomly, possibly due to the fusion of the nucleoli as cells near diakinesis. Branched spindle configurations result in multipolar telophase I arrangements, yielding from one to seven pollen grains at the tetrad stage. Most of the stainable pollen produced appears to be 2n. The 2n pollen formed by this mechanism should bear the exact genotype of the parent, since no crossing-over occurs.Key words: Solanum, potato, 2n gametes, mutants (meiotic), mutants (synaptic).

Using disomic 4x(2EBN) potato species' germplasm via bridge species Solanum commersonii

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Bamberg ◽  
R. E. Hanneman Jr. ◽  
J. P. Palta ◽  
J. F. Harbage
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Bridge Species

The cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum Dunal has many wild related species with desirable traits. Some of these wild tetraploids have disomic chromosome pairing, ready selfing with little inbreeding depression, but have strong crossing barriers with cultivars. They hybridize most easily with 2EBN forms (which include most diploid species). Chromosome doubling to the 8x level, use of 2n gametes, use of 2n gametes of 4x–2x triploid hybrids, and embryo rescue have been proposed to overcome the crossability barrier of these species with S. tuberosum. In this study, 2x S. commersonii (cmm) was used as a bridge species with S. acaule and series Longipedicellata species. Synthetic tetraploid 4x-cmm crossed readily to disomic 4x species, resulting in fertile F1 and F2 hybrids. Some of these had 2n gametes, which enabled direct crossing to tuberosum, resulting in 6x hybrids. The benefits of this scheme are (i) hybrids are relatively fertile, so many progeny may be produced for selection at each step, (ii) hybridization with cmm results in 2n gametes needed for crossing to tuberosum, and breaks up restricted recombination within disomic genomes, and (iii) simple techniques and tools are employed.Key words: Solanum, potato, germplasm, crossability.

scholarly journals Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

Production of total and stainable pollen grains inOlea europaeaL

Grana ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ferrara ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Marino Palasciano ◽  
Angelo Godini
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Stainable Pollen

scholarly journals Flowering dynamics and pollen production of Laburnum anagyroides Med. under the conditions of south-eastern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Stawiarz ◽  
Anna Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Laburnum Anagyroides ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
The Common

Abstract A study on the flowering biology and pollen production of the common laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides Med.) was conducted under the conditions of Lublin during the period 2004 - 2006. The flowering of this species began in the second 10-day period of May and lasted for 2.5 - 4 weeks. The flowers of common laburnum are borne in showy golden-yellow pendulous racemes. They develop successively, starting from the base and moving to the tip of an inflorescence. During the growing season, one shrub produces 800 to 3200 racemes, with 14 to 35 flowers in a single raceme. On average, the flowering duration for a raceme was 12.8 days and 8.7 days for a single flower. Throughout the study years, the shrubs proved to be most attractive in the third 10-day period of May when they reached full bloom. The average weight of pollen produced was 6.08 mg per 10 flowers of Laburnum anagyroides, 14.02 mg per raceme, and 26.0 g per shrub. Pollen grains reached average dimensions of 24.01 μm × 24.26 μm.

Triploids of the common potato,Solanum tuberosum L.

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Van Suchtelen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Common Potato ◽  
The Common

Cerebral gigantism (Sotos' syndrome). A rare cause of delayed walking and awkward gait

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 497-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Development ◽  
Sotos Syndrome ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Cerebral Gigantism ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Large Size ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Craniofacial Features ◽  
Size At Birth

A case history of an 8-year-old girl with cerebral gigantism (Sotos' syndrome) has been presented. Throughout her life, this child has demonstrated all of the common features of Sotos' syndrome including large size at birth, excessive growth during childhood, dysmorphic craniofacial features, delay in motor and speech development, generalized clumsiness, and awkward gait. Family history was contributory with delays in early language development and the possibility that the child's father had Sotos' syndrome. When evaluating a pediatric patient for pes planus, delayed walking, and gait problems, the practitioner should consider the entire clinical profile and unusual etiologies.

The longevity of seeds of the common potato,Solanum tuberosum

1980 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Barker ◽  
G. R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Common Potato ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Паліноморфологічні особливості видів підсекції Heterophylla (Nym.) Fed. роду Campanula L. флори України

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
N. G. Dremliuga ◽  
S. L. Zhygalova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
The Common ◽  
Species Specific

<p>This paper presents results of a palynomorphological study of representatives of subsection <em>Heterophylla</em> (<em>C. </em><em>r</em><em>otundifolia</em><em>,</em> <em>C</em>. <em>k</em><em>ladniana</em><em>,</em> <em>C. </em><em>p</em><em>olymorpha</em><em>,</em> <em>C. serrata</em>) of section <em>Campanula</em><em> </em>of genus <em>Campanula</em><em> i</em>n the flora of Ukraine. This was the initial study of C. <em>k</em><em>ladniana</em><em> </em>and <em>C. </em><em>s</em><em>errata</em><em> </em>for the Ukrainian flora. The common and different palynomorphology features were identified for this species. We discovered that the porous and spheroidal in polar view pollen grains were the common palynological features. We aslo founded that the common characteristic of all the species was echinate-wrinkled or rugulose grained surface with disseminated location of thorns without the spines. We suggested that further palynomorphological research of genus <em>Campanula</em> could show the level of the diagnostic value of these peculiarities. The species-specific characteristics were: shape of pollen grains (<em>C. </em><em>k</em><em>ladniana</em><em> </em>has spheroidal pollen grains), the number of pores (pollen grains of <em>C</em>. <em>kl</em><em>adniana</em><em> </em>has three to five pores, <em>C. rotundifolia</em> – three, <em>C. polymorpha</em> and <em>C. serrata</em> – three or four), availability of short thorns on the exina surface (absent in pollen grains of<em>C. serrata</em>), and the size of pollen grains (the smallest were registered in <em>C. </em><em>r</em><em>otundifolia</em><em>, </em>22,65x24,82 m<sup>-3</sup>).<em></em></p>

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ISOZYME LOCI IN TETRAPLOID POTATOES (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-679
Author(s):  
J M Martinez-Zapater ◽  
Jose L Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetrasomic Inheritance ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Common Potato ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT The genetic control of eight isozyme loci revealed by starch gel electrophoresis was studied through the analysis of three progenies derived from four tetraploid cultivars of Solanum tuberosum (groups Andigena and Tuberosum). Duplicate gene expression was found in seven (Got-A, Got-B, Pgd-C, Pgi-B, Pgm-A, Pgm-B and Pox-C) isozyme loci. In another isozyme gene (Adh-A), the parental genotypes were not adequate to distinguish between a monogenic or a digenic model of genetic control. Tetrasomic inheritance was demonstrated in four (Got-A, Got-B, Pgd-C and Pgi-B) isozyme loci. In the remaining duplicate genes, the parental genotypes precluded discrimination between disomic or tetrasomic models. Tetrasomic segregations of the chromosomal type were generally found; however, the isozyme phenotypes shown by three descendants from selfing cv. Katahdin indicate the occurrence of chromatid segregations, although aneuploidy cannot be ruled out. Either autoploidy or amphidiploidy with lack of chromosome differentiation between the two diploid ancestors can account for the existence of tetrasomic inheritance in the common potato.

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