A centromeric satellite DNA in the European plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela)

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Batistoni ◽  
Irma Nardi ◽  
Lorena Rebecchi ◽  
Maria Nardone ◽  
Anna Demartis
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Centromeric Satellite ◽  
Plethodontid Salamander ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders

A highly repeated satellite DNA (Hy500) located in the centromeric heterochromatin of the European plethodontid salamander Speleomantes (formerly Hydromantes) was studied. The Hy500 family represents about 1% of the Speleomantes supramontis genome and has a major repeating unit of about 500 base pairs, which may have evolved from the progressive amplification of shorter sequences. This centromeric satellite is conserved in all the Speleomantes species, which nevertheless show distinct patterns of chromosomal distribution, which are of relevance as to their phylogenetic relationships.Key words: satellite DNA, amphibian chromosomes.

scholarly journals Chromosomal G-dark Bands Determine the Spatial Organization of Centromeric Heterochromatin in the Nucleus

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3563-3572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Carvalho ◽  
Henrique M. Pereira ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Cristina Pina ◽  
Denise Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Nuclear Periphery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Tight Correlation

Gene expression can be silenced by proximity to heterochromatin blocks containing centromeric α-satellite DNA. This has been shown experimentally through cis-acting chromosome rearrangements resulting in linear genomic proximity, or throughtrans-acting changes resulting in intranuclear spatial proximity. Although it has long been been established that centromeres are nonrandomly distributed during interphase, little is known of what determines the three-dimensional organization of these silencing domains in the nucleus. Here, we propose a model that predicts the intranuclear positioning of centromeric heterochromatin for each individual chromosome. With the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy, we show that the distribution of centromeric α-satellite DNA in human lymphoid cells synchronized at G0/G1is unique for most individual chromosomes. Regression analysis reveals a tight correlation between nuclear distribution of centromeric α-satellite DNA and the presence of G-dark bands in the corresponding chromosome. Centromeres surrounded by G-dark bands are preferentially located at the nuclear periphery, whereas centromeres of chromosomes with a lower content of G-dark bands tend to be localized at the nucleolus. Consistent with the model, a t(11; 14) translocation that removes G-dark bands from chromosome 11 causes a repositioning of the centromere, which becomes less frequently localized at the nuclear periphery and more frequently associated with the nucleolus. The data suggest that “chromosomal environment” plays a key role in the intranuclear organization of centromeric heterochromatin. Our model further predicts that facultative heterochromatinization of distinct genomic regions may contribute to cell-type specific patterns of centromere localization.

Characterization of a New HpaI Centromeric Satellite DNA in Salmo salar

Genetica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Viñas ◽  
María Abuín ◽  
Belén G. Pardo ◽  
Paulino Martí ◽  
Laura Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Centromeric Satellite

Chromosomal distribution of the major satellite DNA of South American rodents of the genus Ctenomys

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Rossi ◽  
C.A. Redi ◽  
G. Viale ◽  
A.I. Massarini ◽  
E. Capanna
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
South American ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Major Satellite

scholarly journals Isolation of a Pericentromeric Satellite DNA Family in Chnootriba argus (Henosepilachna argus) with an Unusual Short Repeat Unit (TTAAAA) for Beetles

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Mora ◽  
Jesús Vela ◽  
Areli Ruiz-Mena ◽  
Teresa Palomeque ◽  
Pedro Lorite
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Repeat Units

Ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) are one of the largest groups of beetles. Among them, some species are of economic interest since they can act as a biological control for some agricultural pests whereas other species are phytophagous and can damage crops. Chnootriba argus (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) has large heterochromatic pericentromeric blocks on all chromosomes, including both sexual chromosomes. Classical digestion of total genomic DNA using restriction endonucleases failed to find the satellite DNA located on these heterochromatic regions. Cloning of C0t-1 DNA resulted in the isolation of a repetitive DNA with a repeat unit of six base pairs, TTAAAA. The amount of TTAAAA repeat in the C. argus genome was about 20%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and digestion of chromosomes with the endonuclease Tru9I revealed that this repetitive DNA could be considered as the putative pericentromeric satellite DNA (satDNA) in this species. The presence of this satellite DNA was tested in other species of the tribe Epilachnini and it is also present in Epilachna paenulata. In both species, the TTAAAA repeat seems to be the main satellite DNA and it is located on the pericentromeric region on all chromosomes. The size of this satDNA, which has only six base pairs is unusual in Coleoptera satellite DNAs, where satDNAs usually have repeat units of a much larger size. Southern hybridization and FISH proved that this satDNA is conserved in some Epilachnini species but not in others. This result is in concordance with the controversial phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Epilachnini, where the limits between genera are unclear.

The EcoRI centromeric satellite DNA of the Sparidae family (Pisces, Perciformes) contains a sequence motive common to other vertebrate centromeric satellite DNAs

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Garrido-Ramos ◽  
M. Jamilena ◽  
R. Lozano ◽  
Ruiz Rejón ◽  
Ruiz Rejón
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Centromeric Satellite

Observations on centromeric heterochromatin and satellite DNA in salamanders of the genus Plethodon

Chromosoma ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Macgregor ◽  
Heather Horner ◽  
C. A. Owen ◽  
I. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin

scholarly journals A new family of satellite DNA sequences as a major component of centromeric heterochromatin in owls (Strigiformes)

Chromosoma ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 372-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Chizuko Nishida-Umehara ◽  
Yoichi Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
New Family

Unusual Chromosomal Distribution of a Major Satellite DNA from Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia, Anura)

2009 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Amor ◽  
G. Odierna ◽  
G. Chinali ◽  
K. Said ◽  
O. Picariello
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Major Satellite ◽  
Discoglossus Pictus

scholarly journals Biogeographic patterns in the chromosomal distribution of a satellite DNA in the banded tetra Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei: Characiformes)

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Frehner Kavalco ◽  
Rubens Pazza ◽  
Karina de Oliveira Brandão ◽  
Lurdes Foresti de Almeida-Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Astyanax Fasciatus

scholarly journals Mouse satellite DNA, centromere structure, and sister chromatid pairing.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Lica ◽  
S Narayanswami ◽  
B A Hamkalo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Mouse Satellite Dna

The experiments described were directed toward understanding relationships between mouse satellite DNA, sister chromatid pairing, and centromere function. Electron microscopy of a large mouse L929 marker chromosome shows that each of its multiple constrictions is coincident with a site of sister chromatid contact and the presence of mouse satellite DNA. However, only one of these sites, the central one, possesses kinetochores. This observation suggests either that satellite DNA alone is not sufficient for kinetochore formation or that when one kinetochore forms, other potential sites are suppressed. In the second set of experiments, we show that highly extended chromosomes from Hoechst 33258-treated cells (Hilwig, I., and A. Gropp, 1973, Exp. Cell Res., 81:474-477) lack kinetochores. Kinetochores are not seen in Miller spreads of these chromosomes, and at least one kinetochore antigen is not associated with these chromosomes when they were subjected to immunofluorescent analysis using anti-kinetochore scleroderma serum. These data suggest that kinetochore formation at centromeric heterochromatin may require a higher order chromatin structure which is altered by Hoechst binding. Finally, when metaphase chromosomes are subjected to digestion by restriction enzymes that degrade the bulk of mouse satellite DNA, contact between sister chromatids appears to be disrupted. Electron microscopy of digested chromosomes shows that there is a significant loss of heterochromatin between the sister chromatids at paired sites. In addition, fluorescence microscopy using anti-kinetochore serum reveals a greater inter-kinetochore distance than in controls or chromosomes digested with enzymes that spare satellite. We conclude that the presence of mouse satellite DNA in these regions is necessary for maintenance of contact between the sister chromatids of mouse mitotic chromosomes.

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