A comparison of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and orbital bristle trichogen cells in Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zacharopoulou ◽  
K. Bourtzis ◽  
Ph. Kerremans
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Different Tissues

The banding patterns of polytene chromosomes in different tissues of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, vary to such an extent that homologous chromosomes cannot be recognised. However, analyses of autosomal breakpoints in several translocation strains allowed chromosomes from the two tissues to be aligned despite their difference in banding pattern. These results were discussed, considering the different hypotheses of the origin and biological significance of polytene chromosome bands.Key words: polytene chromosomes, salivary gland chromosomes, orbital bristle trichogen cell chromosomes, Ceratitis capitata.

Polytene chromosome mapping in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bedo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Characteristic Features

Polytene chromosome reference maps of the five autosomes of Ceratitis capitata from male pupal orbital bristle trichogen cells are presented and a correlation is established between two of them and the two largest of the five autosomes in the haploid mitotic complement. Characteristic features of each chromosome are described identifying areas that are difficult to analyze and noting the existence of common alternative band expression. A quantitative analysis of the mitotic karyotype of C. capitata indicates that the two smallest autosome pairs cannot be reliably distinguished. This may present problems with future attempts to establish homologies between the remaining mitotic and polytene chromosomes. A comparison of polytene chromosome banding patterns from salivary gland and trichogen cells failed to find any homologous regions, or even to identify homologous chromosomes. The banding differences are not explained by variation in puffing patterns, heterochromatin expression, or polyteny levels, but appear to reflect fundamental differences in banding patterns of the chromosomes in each tissue. Key words: Ceratitis capitata, polytene chromosome map, mitotic chromosome measurements.

Ecdysone-regulated chromosome puffing in the salivary glands of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Gariou-Papalexiou ◽  
Anastassios C Mintzas ◽  
Antigone Zacharopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Stage 1

The effect of ecdysone on the puffing activity of the polytene chromosomes of Ceratitis capitata has been studied in organ cultures of late-larval salivary glands. Culture of glands from 120-h-old larvae (puff stage 1) in the presence of ecdysone resulted in the initiation of the late-larval puffing cycle that is normally observed in 145-h-old larvae (puff stage 4). During a 7-h period in the presence of ecdysone, the puffing patterns of most loci resembled the in vivo patterns observed in the period between puff stages 4 and 10, indicating that the first puffing cycle can be initiated by the hormone and proceed almost to completion, in vitro. Culture of salivary glands in the presence of ecdysone and a protein-synthesis inhibitor, as well as ecdysone withdrawal and readdition experiments, indicated that most of the ecdysone-regulated puffs could be categorized into three classes: (i) the puffs that were suppressed immediately by ecdysone, even in the absence of protein synthesis; (ii) the puffs that were induced directly by ecdysone; and (iii) the puffs that were induced indirectly by ecdysone, that is, they were induced after a lag period of a few hours and required protein synthesis for their induction.Key words: polytene chromosomes, puffing patterns, ecdysone, Ceratitis capitata.

Electron microscope investigation of polytene chromosomes in the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Semeshin ◽  
I. F. Zhimulev ◽  
D. Kritikou ◽  
A. Zacharopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Electron Microscope Investigation ◽  
Rnp Granules

Ultrastructural analyses of polytene chromosomes from male pupal orbital bristle cells and from larval salivary glands of Ceratitis capitata were carried out. It was shown that chromatin complexes corresponding to the X chromosome heterochromatic network are surrounded by material containing ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules 250–300 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm) in diameter. RNP granules of similar size surround the spherical Y chromosome. These data point out the presence of transcriptional activity in both of these chromosomes. The absence of clear structure in chromosomal regions situated between large bands in both types of tissues was observed. These results support the hypothesis of weak synapsis between chromatids or small chromomeres of polytene chromosomes in this species. In addition, we describe a specific puff revealed in both orbital trichogen cells and salivary glands that is morphologically similar to the 93D puff of Drosophila melanogaster.Key words: Ceratitis capitata, polytene chromosomes, electron microscopy.

Cytotaxonomic differentiation of Wilhelmia equina (Linné, 1747) and Wilhelmia lineata (Meigen, 1804) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Andreas Weber ◽  
Jörg Grunewald
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphisms ◽  
Ectopic Pairing

In most cases the larvae of Wilhelmia equina and W. lineata cannot be distinguished by using classical morphological features. The morphological characteristics of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes allow one to differentiate clearly between the two species. Characteristic for W. equina are the extended region between the centromere, Ctr (transformed centromere), and the nucleolus organizer, NO, in IS, the definitive position of RB (ring of Balbiani) and bulge in IIS, and the fan-shaped IIIL telomere. The chromosomes of W. lineata are marked by complex chromosomal polymorphisms, the altered position of RB and bulge on IIS and by a strong ectopic pairing of centromeres. The comparison of banding patterns provides several intraspecific polymorphic inversions and interspecific fixed rearrangements for species diagnosis. Partial chromosome maps were established. The comparison of the chromosomal banding pattern of Wilhelmia with that of the Simulium standard reveals a whole-arm interchange between chromosomes I and II in Wilhelmia identical with that in Metomphalus, Prosimulium vernale, a form of P. mixtum, and Metacnephia.Key words: cytotaxonomy, Simuliidae, Wilhelmia equina, Wilhelmia lineata, larvae.

Genetic and cytogenetic analysis of the fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Kounatidis ◽  
Nikolaos Papadopoulos ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Heterogametic Sex ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi , is a major agricultural pest for which biological, genetic, and cytogenetic information is limited. We report here a cytogenetic analysis of 4 natural Greek populations of R. cerasi, all of them infected with the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis . The mitotic karyotype and detailed photographic maps of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of this pest species are presented here. The mitotic metaphase complement consists of 6 pairs of chromosomes, including one pair of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, with the male being the heterogametic sex. The analysis of the salivary gland polytene complement has shown a total of 5 long chromosomes (10 polytene arms) that correspond to the 5 autosomes of the mitotic nuclei and a heterochromatic mass corresponding to the sex chromosomes. The most prominent landmarks of each polytene chromosome, the “weak points”, and the unusual asynapsis of homologous pairs of polytene chromosomes at certain regions of the polytene elements are also presented and discussed.

The genome of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae: localization of molecular markers by in situ hybridization to the salivary gland polytene chromosomes

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zambetaki ◽  
Antigone Zacharopoulou ◽  
Zacharias G. Scouras ◽  
Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit

The Balbiani ring and the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila bicornuta

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mavragani-Tsipidou ◽  
Z. G. Scouras ◽  
A. Natsiou-Voziki
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Balbiani Ring

A study of the BR1 and of the most prominent puffs during larval development and after in vitro ecdysterone treatment, as well as of the banding pattern and inverted tandem chromosomal duplications of the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila bicornuta, is presented in this report. These data are compared and discussed with those of D. auraria and D. serrata, two other montium species.Key words: Drosophila, Balbiani ring, duplications, ecdysterone.

Cytogenetic analysis of Malpighian tubule and salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zambetaki ◽  
Kleanthis Kleanthous ◽  
Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Dacus Oleae ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Ectopic Pairing ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Photomaps of the Malpighian tubule and the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) are presented and compared with those of the fat body. Five polytene chromosomes (10 polytene arms) corresponding to the five autosomes of the mitotic nuclei, as well as a heterochromatic mass corresponding to the sex chromosomes, are observed in the nuclei of the three somatic tissues. The most prominent features of each polytene chromosome, the reverse tandem duplications, as well as the rather unusual ectopic pairing of the telomeric regions of different chromosome arms, are described. The constancy of the banding pattern based on the analysis of the three larval tissues is discussed.Key words: Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae), polytene chromosomes, salivary gland, Malpighian tubule, banding pattern.

The polytene chromosomes of species of Eusimulium (Hellichiella) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Rothfels ◽  
Victor I. Golini
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
First Time

In an extension of Dunbar's work (R. W. Dunbar. 1967. Can. J. Zool. 45: 377–396) eight species in Hellichiella were examined cytologically on the basis of the banding pattern of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Hellichiella congareenarum, H. innocens, and H. anatinum were restudied. It was concluded that the sibling distinction between congareenarum and congareenarum 'b' stipulated by Dunbar is not tenable and that anatinum differs from standard by only one inversion (IIS-1). Species studied for the first time are H. rendalense (from Norway), H. latipes (syn. subexcisum from Britain) and H. saccai (from Italy), and the undescribed "Opinaca" sp. (from James Bay, Quebec), and "sp. near dogieli" (from Norway). Diagnostic features are given for each taxon in terms of (i) fixed inversions from standard (congareenarum), (ii) specific sex differential segments, and (iii) inversion polymorphisms. These features are utilized in the construction of an unrooted cytophylogeny.

Molecular characterization and chromosomal localization of female-specific genes from the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ciolfi ◽  
Tiziana de Filippis ◽  
Cristina Torti ◽  
Anna R Malacrida ◽  
Romano Dallai
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Female Specific

We report here the molecular characterization of the female-specific FST (female-specific transcript) genes from the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. A genomic clone was isolated, containing a sequence coding for FST. Nucleotide analysis of the clone showed that the gene contains a putative unique intron located in the region encoding the signal peptide. Southern blotting and in situ hybridization analysis on polytene chromosomes suggested the presence of additional genes similar to FST in the genome of the medfly. A novel cDNA clone was isolated from an accessory gland cDNA library, encoding a product that shares 98% identity with the hypothetical translational product of the previously isolated FST cDNA. The novel cDNA was therefore named FST2. The analysis of mitotic and polytene chromosomes by in situ hybridization showed that FST genes map on the left arm of the 4th chromosome of C. capitata.Key words: FST, female-specific genes, C. capitata, medfly, FISH.

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