Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). III. G-banding analysis of Petrogale inornata and P. penicillata

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. B. Eldridge ◽  
R. L. Close ◽  
P. G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Acrocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Paracentric Inversion ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
Ancestral Chromosome ◽  
Banding Analysis

The karyotypes of Petrogale inornata and the two currently recognised races of Petrogale penicillata were examined using G-banding from cultured fibroblasts. Petrogale inornata (2n = 22) was found to retain plesiomorphic chromosomes 3 and 4 but possessed an apomorphic inverted chromosome 5 (5i). This 5i appears identical with the 5i found in two other Queensland taxa, Petrogale assimilis and Petrogale godmani, and can be derived from the ancestral chromosome 5 by an extensive paracentric inversion or a centromeric transposition. Petrogale penicillata penicillata (2n = 22) and Petrogale penicillata herberti (2n = 22) both possess the synapomorphic acrocentric chromosome 3, which appears to differ from the plesiomorphic 3 by a small centromeric transposition. Petrogale p. penicillata was also found to be characterised by an apomorphic acrocentric chromosome 4, while P. p. herberti was characterised by an autapomorphic submetacentric chromosome 4. Both apomorphic chromosomes 4 can be related to the plesiomorphic chromosome 4 by centromeric transpositions. Thus although P. inornata is chromosomally distinct it is more closely related to other north Queensland taxa than it is to either P. p. penicillata or P. p. herberti.Key words: chromosomal rearrangements, G-banding, Marsupialia, Petrogale, Macropodidae.

Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). II. G-banding analysis of Petrogale godmani

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. B. Eldridge ◽  
P. G. Johnston ◽  
R. L. Close ◽  
P. S. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Centric Fusion ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
Ancestral Chromosome ◽  
Banding Analysis ◽  
Cape York

Chromosomal rearrangements in the two currently recognised races of Petrogale godmani were examined using C- and G-banding. The nominate race P. godmani godmani (2n = 20) was found to possess an inverted chromosome 5 and an acrocentric 6–10 fusion, which can be derived from a 6–10 centric fusion by a centromeric transposition. The Cape York race (2n = 22) was found to retain the ancestral submetacentric chromosome 4 and the ancestral chromosome 5. Thus despite their genie similarity, the two races clearly have major chromosomal differences and should be regarded as separate species. Petrogale g. godmani shares two derived chromosomes with another Queensland taxon, the assimilis race of P. assimilis, indicating recent common ancestry. The Cape York race retains characteristics of an ancestral stock of Petrogale and its genic similarity with P. g. godmani could therefore be the result of extensive introgression.Key words: chromosomal rearrangements, G-banding, Marsupialia, Petrogale.

Chromosomal Rearrangements in Rock Wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) .4. G-Banding Analysis of the Petrogale-Lateralis Complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDB Eldridge ◽  
RL Close ◽  
PG Johnston
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Banding Analysis

The karyotypes of Petrogale lateralis lateralis, P. l. purpureicollis and P. l 'Macdonnell Ranges' were examined with G-banding from cultured fibroblasts. P. l. lateralis (2n = 22) was found to retain the plesiomorphic karyotype, whereas P. l. purpureicollis (2n = 22) and P. l. 'Macdonnell Ranges' (2n = 22) were found to share an apomorphic karyotype characterised by an acrocentric chromosome 3 (3a) and an acrocentric X-chromosome (Xp). Both the 3a and Xp can be derived from their respective P. l. lateralis homologues by centric transpositions. Although P. l. purpureicollis and P. l. 'Macdonnell Ranges' appear very similar chromosomally, they are readily distinguishable genically and morphologically, P. l. 'Macdonnell Ranges' being more similar to P. l. lateralis. Thus, in these taxa, genic and morphological divergence have not been associated with significant changes in karyotype.

Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). IX. Further G-banding studies of the Petrogale lateralis complex: P. lateralis pearsoni, the West Kimberley race, and a population heterozygous for a centric fusion

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. B. Eldridge ◽  
D. J. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Centric Fusion ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis

G-banded metaphase preparations from cultured fibroblasts were used to examine the karyotypes of Petrogale lateralis pearsoni and the West Kimberley (WK) race of P. lateralis. Petrogale lateralis pearsoni was found to retain the ancestral 2n = 22 Petrogale karyotype, while the WK race (2n = 20) was found to be characterized by a 9–10 centric fusion. This taxon had been reported to have an 8–10 fusion. Karyotypic analysis was also used to identify Petrogale populations in the Erskine Range, Western Australia (W.A.) as the WK race and in the Walter James Range, W.A. as the MacDonnell Ranges (MDR) race of P. lateralis. These findings represent significant range extensions for both taxa. A third P. lateralis population, from the Townsend Ridges, W.A., could not be definitively identified to subspecies or race and appears intermediate between the WK and MDR races. Four animals were examined from this population and all possessed an identical 2n = 21 karyotype characterized by homozygosity for a derived acrocentric chromosome 3 (3a) and heterozygosity for a 9–10 fusion. Rearrangement 3a is typical of the MDR race, while the 9–10 fusion is characteristic of the WK race. The polymorphic Townsend Ridges population could result from the de novo creation of a 9–10 fusion (similar in morphology to the 9–10 fusion of the WK race) or it may represent evidence of hybridization between the MDR race and either the WK race or a currently unknown taxon. Additional data will be required to distinguish between these hypotheses.Key words: rock wallabies, Petrogale, chromosome rearrangements, G-banding.

Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). VIII. An investigation of the nonrandom nature of karyotypic change

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. B. Eldridge ◽  
P. G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Chromosome Breaks

Although the nonrandom nature of many chromosome breaks is well known, few studies have investigated the potential significance of this breakage specificity in chromosome evolution. The macropod genus Petrogale is an ideal group in which to investigate this phenomenon, since it comprises a large number of chromosomal forms, many of which appear to have differentiated relatively recently. By exposing Petrogale cells to mutagenic agents it should be possible to compare the distribution and abundance of induced breaks with those that are known to have occurred in vivo during the chromosomal differentiation of the genus. In this study, breaks were induced in mitotic chromosomes from P. assimilis and P. mareeba by exposing synchronized cultured fibroblasts to low doses of gamma radiation. The results were remarkably similar for both species and the distribution of breaks among the chromosomes appeared to be nonrandom. It was found that chromosomes 5, 6, and (possibly) 10 had a substantially higher rate of breakage than expected. These are also the chromosomes that occur disproportionately among the rearrangements identified in Petrogale. While the distribution of breaks along the chromosome appeared uniform or normal for most chromosomes, a putative "hot spot" was identified near the centromere in chromosome 5 of P. mareeba and in a homologous position near the telomere of chromosome 5 in P. assimilis. In a further experiment, a 1- to 2-h pulse of mitomycin C was used to induce centric fusions in cultured fibroblasts of P. penicillata (2n = 22); 2408 cells were examined and 112 fusions were identified. While it was found that all chromosomes participated in forming fusions, chromosome 10 was found to be most frequently involved, being present in 28.6% of the identifed fusions. This frequency is far greater than would be expected if fusions were to occur at random (10%). It is significant then that chromosome 10 has been involved in five of the eight centric fusions that have been identified in Petrogale and that it is also the chromosome that has been most frequently rearranged in Petrogale. These results suggest that features of the karyotype may influence the distribution and frequency of chromosome breaks and therefore the rate and nature of chromosome evolution.Key words: Petrogale, chromosome evolution, irradiation, induced rearrangements, mitomycin C.

An altered body plan is conferred on Arabidopsis plants carrying dominant alleles of two genes

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 2395-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grbic ◽  
A.B. Bleecker
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Primary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Meristems

In this paper, we describe a late-flowering ecotype of Arabidopsis, Sy-0, in which the axillary meristems maintain a prolonged vegetative phase, even though the primary shoot apical meristem has already converted to reproductive development. This novel heterochronic shift in the development of axillary meristems results in the formation of aerial rosettes of leaves at the nodes of the primary shoot axis. We present evidence that the aerial-rosette phenotype arises due to the interaction between dominant alleles of two genes: ART, aerial rosette gene (on chromosome 5) and EAR, enhancer of aerial rosette (on chromosome 4): EAR has been tentatively identified as a new allele of the FRI locus. The possible role of these two genes in the conversion of shoot apical meristems to reproductive development is discussed.

Cytogenetics of the acrotrisomic 5S5L in barley

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shahla ◽  
T. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosome ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Proximal Segment ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Genetic Tests ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
High Transmission

An acrotrisomic plant was identified in the progeny of a telotrisomic for 1S. The acrocentric chromosome had a complete short arm (5S) and 40% of the proximal segment of the long arm (5L). Morphology of the acrotrisomic 5S5L was similar to the primary trisomic (triplo 5) and triplo 5L. At meiosis the acrocentric 5S5L either paired with its normal homologues forming a trivalent or remained as a univalent. Seed fertility was high. Transmission of the acrocentric was 37.6% through the female and 9% through the male. Genetic tests showed that fs2 and g were located in this 40% proximal segment of the 5L. Gene f3 showed a trisomic ratio with acrotrisomic 5S5L, but its arm location is not known. Two genes, f7 and trd, were located on the 60% distal segment of the 5L. The segregation ratio with gene int-a1 was also disomic but it could not be assigned to the 60% distal segment because its location on chromosome 5 is questionable at this time. This experiment demonstrates the usefulness of acrotrisomics in physical gene mapping by locating genes on a specific segment of the chromosome arm.Key words: acrotrisomic, barley, acrocentric, trisomic, telotrisomic.

A Gene associated with cell division and drug resistance in Giardia duodenalis

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Upcroft ◽  
A. Healey ◽  
D. G. Murray ◽  
P. F. L. Boreham ◽  
P. Upcroft
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Single Copy Gene ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Cdna Insert ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Copy Gene

A 3000 bp cDNA insert (G6/1) from Giardia duodenalis, cloned into Escherichia coli is located on chromosome 3 of Giardia stocks which have 3 chromosomes detectable by field-inversion gel electrophoresis in the range 650–800 kb and on chromosome 3 and/or 4 of stocks with 4 chromosomes in this size range. The loss of this sequence from chromosome 4 but not chromosome 3 was associated with the induction of drug resistance in a previously sensitive laboratory stock. G6/1 appears to represent a single copy gene in Giardia as determined by hybridization of the probe to cleaved genomic DNA. Furthermore, the sequences flanking at least 12 kb of G6/1 are the same when G6/1 appears on both chromosomes 3 and 4. The cDNA encodes a protein associated with the nuclei of trophozoites during some stages of growth of the parasite. In a non-dividing culture, the antigen is associated with the nuclei of about 30% of trophozoites and fewer in a dividing culture. Three Giardia stocks with obvious chromosome rearrangements, which grow poorly and fail to divide normally, apparently lack the DNA sequence G6/1.

scholarly journals Partial trisomy 4q and monosomy 5p inherited from a maternal translocationt(4;5)(q33;p15) in three adverse pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Zhang ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Huihui Xie ◽  
Jingfang Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Partial Trisomy ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Balanced Translocation

Abstract Background: Carriers of balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocations are at known reproductive risk for offspring with unbalanced genotypes and resultantly abnormal phenotypes. Once fertilization of a balanced translocation gamete with a normal gamete, the partial monomer or partial trisomy embryo will undergo abortion, fetal arrest or fetal malformations. We reported a woman with chromosomal balanced translocation who had two adverse pregnancies. Prenatal diagnosis was made for her third pregnancy to provide genetic counseling and guide her fertility. Case presentation: We presented a woman with chromosomal balanced translocation who had three adverse pregnancies. Routine G banding and CNV-seq were used to analyze the chromosome karyotypes and copy number variants of amniotic fluid cells and peripheral blood. The karyotype of the woman was 46,XX,t(4;5)(q33;p15). During her first pregnancy, odinopoeia was performed due to fetal edema and abdominal fluid. The umbilical cord tissue of the fetus was examined by CNV-seq. The results showed a genomic gain of 24.18 Mb at 4q32.3-q35.2 and a genomic deletion of 10.84 Mb at 5p15.33-p15.2 and 2.36 Mb at 15q11.1-q11.2. During her second pregnancy, she did not receive a prenatal diagnosis because a routine prenatal ultrasound examination found no abnormalities. In 2016, she gave birth to a boy.. The karyotype the of the boy was 46,XY,der(5)t(4;5)(q33;p15)mat. The results of CNV-seq showed a deletion of short arm of chromosome 5 capturing regions 5p15.33p15.2, a copy gain of the distal region of chromosome 4 at segment 4q32.3q35.2, a duplication of chromosome 1 at segment 1q41q42.11 and a duplication of chromosome 17 at segment 17p12. During her third pregnancy, she underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation. Chromosome karyotype hinted 46,XY,der(5)t(4;5)(q33;p15)mat. Results of CNV-seq showed a deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 5 at the segment 5p15.33p15.2 and a duplication of the distal region of chromosome 4 at segment 4q32.3q35.2.Conclusions: Chromosomal abnormalities in three pregnancies were inherited from the mother. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is recommended to prevent the birth of children with chromosomal abnormalities.

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