A study on genomic relationships of Agropyron trachycaulum with Elymus scabriglumis, E. innovatus, and Hordeum procerum

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Rescue Technique ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Synthetic Hybrids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agropyron Trachycaulum

Synthetic hybrids of Agropyron trachycaulum (2n = 4x = 28) with Elymus scabriglumis (2n = 6x = 42), E. innovatus (2n = 4x = 28), and Hordeum procerum (2n = 6x = 42) were produced through the embryo rescue technique, at relative frequencies of 7.1, 4.2, and 1.8%, respectively, of pollinated florets. The mean chromosome associations in two hybrids with E. scabriglumis was 11.71II + 1.47III + 0.15IV (mean chiasma frequency = 22.75), in one hybrid with H. procerum was 7.27II + 0.63III + 0.09IV (mean chiasma frequency = 10.20) and in a hybrid with E. innovatus was 2.8II (2.19 chiasma frequency). The data suggested two common genomes (S and H) with E. scabriglumis, one common genome (H) with H. procerum, and no common genome with E. innovatus. The evidence obtained suggested a SSHHYY genomic constitution for E. scabriglumis and two genomes different from SH for E. innovatus. The evidence also suggested that in H. procerum there may not be two related genomes present (derived from H. jubatum) as speculated in some earlier studies.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Agropyron, Elymus, Hordeum, chromosome pairing.

A successful application of the embryo rescue technique as a model for studying crosses between Salix viminalis and Populus species

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna ◽  
Maciej Zenkteler ◽  
Elzbieta Zenkteler ◽  
Maria K. Wojciechowicz ◽  
Abdelali Barakat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Hybrid Nature ◽  
Rescue Technique

Embryos and plants from the crosses Salix viminalis L. as the female parent and Populus alba L., P. violascens Dode or P. tremula L. as the male parent were obtained by in vitro embryo rescue technique. F1 intergeneric progeny were obtained by overcoming post-zygotic barriers caused by the deficiency of endosperm as nutritive tissue during the first stage of embryo development. Ovules containing immature heart-stage embryos as well as early cotyledonary embryos were isolated and rescued in modified 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose to ensure maturity. Seedlings were cultured under in vitro conditions in 1/2 MS medium that contained 0.2 mg l–1 naphtaleneacetic acid and plantlets after rooting were transferred first into pots and subsequently to the experimental field in the Botanical Garden in Poznań, Poland. After 2 years, the putative hybrid nature of the plants was checked by analysing morphological characters and molecular markers. Scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry and random amplification of polymorphic DNA screening of individuals confirmed the hybrid nature of the S. viminalis × P. alba and S. viminalis × P. violascens progeny and of 25% of the analysed plants from the cross S. viminalis × P. tremula. This study showed the feasibility of overcoming pre- and post-fertilisation barriers to achieve intergeneric hybrids between species from two genera of Salicaceae. The in vitro system to produce hybrids with characters of both parents could be of great importance for increasing biomass production. This study also opens new opportunities to improve other traits in trees, such as resistance to pathogens inherited from one parent.

New intergeneric diploid hybrids among Agropyron, Thinopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Psathyrostachys, Hordeum, and Secale

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thinopyrum Bessarabicum

Eight diploid intergeneric hybrids representing six genomic combinations were synthesized and meiotically analyzed. The SN hybrids of Pseudoroegneria spicata and P. spicata spp. inermis with Psathyrostachys juncea resembled the Pseudoroegneria species in that the spikes had a single spikelet per node. The spikes of all other hybrids were intermediate to those of their respective parents. The mean meiotic pairing pattern for two SN hybrids was 9.90 I + 1.74 rod II + 0.16 ring II + 0.07 III + 0.02 IV, which was equivalent to a mean arm-pairing frequency (c) of 0.16. When the results were averaged with a previously reported hybrid, the mean pairing in two hybrid plants of P. spicata × Thinopyrum bessarabicum (SJ genome combination) was 4.79 I + 3.24 rod II + 0.91 ring II + 0.18 III + 0.09 IV and c = 0.41. Of the JeS hybrids, mean pairing was 8.40 I + 2.30 rod II + 0.25 ring II + 0.13 III + 0.03 IV (c = 0.28) for T. elongatum × P. spicata and 6.98 I + 2.90 rod II + 0.39 ring II + 0.12 III + 0.02 IV (c = 0.28) for T. elongatum × P. spicata ssp. inermis. The JP hybrid of T. bessarabicum × Agropyron cristatum had 8.99 I + 2.11 rod II + 0.14 ring II + 0.13 III + 0.03 IV and c = 0.20. Pairing was lower in the new PH hybrids A. mongolicum × Hordeum californicum and HR hybrids H. californicum × Secale montanum: 12.20 I + 0.82 rod II + 0.05 III (c = 0.06) and 13.04 I + 0.44 rod II + 0.01 III (c = 0.03), respectively. These data contribute to the elucidation of the genomic relationships among diploid species of the perennial Triticeae.Key words: hybrid, genome, chromosome pairing, Triticeae.

scholarly journals Wheat, Rye, and Barley Genomes Can Associate during Meiosis in Newly Synthesized Trigeneric Hybrids

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
Carmen Ramírez ◽  
Azahara C. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
High Level

Polyploidization, or whole genome duplication (WGD), has an important role in evolution and speciation. One of the biggest challenges faced by a new polyploid is meiosis, in particular, discriminating between multiple related chromosomes so that only homologs recombine to ensure regular chromosome segregation and fertility. Here, we report the production of two new hybrids formed by the genomes of species from three different genera: a hybrid between Aegilops tauschii (DD), Hordeum chilense (HchHch), and Secale cereale (RR) with the haploid genomic constitution HchDR (n = 7× = 21); and a hybrid between Triticum turgidum spp. durum (AABB), H. chilense, and S. cereale with the constitution ABHchR (n = 7× = 28). We used genomic in situ hybridization and immunolocalization of key meiotic proteins to establish the chromosome composition of the new hybrids and to study their meiotic behavior. Interestingly, there were multiple chromosome associations at metaphase I in both hybrids. A high level of crossover (CO) formation was observed in HchDR, which shows the possibility of meiotic recombination between the different genomes. We succeeded in the duplication of the ABHchR genome, and several amphiploids, AABBHchHchRR, were obtained and characterized. These results indicate that recombination between the genera of three economically important crops is possible.

Intergeneric hybrids between Thinopyrum and Psathyrostachys (Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
First Time

Intergeneric hybrids were synthesized for the first time from the diploid crosses Thinopyrum elongatum (JeJe) × Psathyrostachys juncea (NjNj), T. elongatum × P. fragilis (NfNf), T. bessarabicum (JbJb) × P. huashanica (NhNh), and T. bessarabicum × P. juncea, as well as from a cross between the amphidiploid of T. bessarabicum × T. elongatum (JbJbJeJe) and P. juncea. Spikes of these hybrids are morphologically intermediate between those of the parental species. Double spikelets occurred occasionally at central nodes of the spikes. Glaucous blue leaves appeared in the F1 only in the cross T. bessarabicum × P. huashanica, suggesting that the gene(s) for glaucous blue leaves in T. bessarabicum is (are) recessive to a gene(s) for green leaves in P. juncea but is (are) dominant to that for yellowish green leaves in P. huashanica. Meiotic pairing at metaphase I in these diploid (JN) and triploid (JJN) hybrids revealed a very low level of homology between the basic J and N genome. Therefore, the J and N genomes are nonhomologous and justifiably represented by different genome symbols. The triploid hybrids exhibited a pattern of chromosome associations that substantiated the earlier conclusion that the genomes in T. bessarabicum and T. elongatum are two versions of a basic genome (J). These hybrids will be useful in genome analysis, forming new Leymus species with the J and N genomes and broadening the diversity in the genus Pascopyrum with the SHJN genomes.Key words: hybrid, Thinopyrum, Psathyrostachys, genome.

Methods and Role of Embryo Rescue Technique in Alien Gene Transfer

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika M. Lulsdorf ◽  
Alison Ferrie ◽  
Susan M. H. Slater ◽  
Hai Ying Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Alien Gene Transfer ◽  
Rescue Technique ◽  
Alien Gene

scholarly journals Enhanced Seed Germination of Ilex dumosa R. (Aquifoliaceae) through In Vitro Culture of Cut Pyrenes

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia R. Dolce ◽  
Luis A. Mroginski ◽  
Hebe Y. Rey
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Rescue Technique ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Scalpel Blade ◽  
Culture Protocol

An in vitro culture protocol was developed that increased the germination percentage and decreased the lag time to germination for Ilex dumosa R. pyrenes as a tool for replacing the laborious task of embryo rescue technique. This method involves transversely cutting surface-sterilized pyrenes with a scalpel blade, then placing the micropylar one-third end with the rudimentary embryo (≈0.25 mm long) on solidified (agar 0.65%) quarter-strength salts and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium with 3% sucrose, and incubating in a growth room at 27 ± 2 °C with a 14-h photoperiod (116 μmol·m−2·s−1). Most of the cut pyrenes (greater than 50%) germinated within the first month after inoculation and achieved maximum germination (≈70%) in 2 months compared with whole pyrenes, which began to germinate 3 months after sowing and required more than 8 months for maximum germination (37%). Moreover, the germination percentage of cut pyrenes was significantly higher than the germination of isolated embryos (34%). Thus, the cut pyrenes culture is a simpler and more effective technique than embryo rescue. Easily, on average, a trained operator is able to culture ≈1000 cut pyrenes per day instead of ≈100 isolated embryos.

CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN A HYBRID BETWEEN HORDEUM VULGARE AND SECALE VAVILOVII

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Chiharu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Mean

A hybrid was obtained between Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes (2n = 2x = 14) and Secale vavilovii [Nürn. (2n = 2x = 14)] in which chromosome instability was observed in somatic and meiotic tissues. In somatic tissue the chromosomes per cell varied from 7 to 24 with a mean of 19.7. Similarly in meiotic tissue the chromosome number varied from 14 to 26 with a mean of 18.3. The mean chiasma frequency was 12.9 consisting of an average Ml configuration of 0.02IV + 0.3III + 6.68II + 3.92I. It was concluded that the hybrid was derived from the union of an unreduced gamete from Betzes barley with a normal gamete from S. vavilovii.

Suppression of homologous pairing between chromosomes of A and B genomes of 4x and 6x wheats by Hordeum californicum Covas and Stebbins

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Three hybrids of Triticum turgidum cv. Ma with Hordeum californicum × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring amphiploid were obtained at a frequency of 1.6% of the pollinated florets. Meiotic analysis of the hybrid plants revealed an average chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell ranging from 15.27 to 17.60. The lower than expected chromosome pairing in the hybrid plants was attributed to the suppression of pairing between homologous wheat chromosomes by pairing regulatory gene(s) in H. californicum.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum californicum, Triticum turgidum, meiosis, chromosome pairing.

Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Leymus multicaulis

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Plourde ◽  
A. Comeau ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
C.-A. St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leymus Multicaulis

Hybrids were obtained at a frequency of 0.53% of the pollinated florets by pollination of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) cv. Norin 29 with Leymus multicaulis (2n = 4x = 28, JJNN). The hybrid plants were taller than both parents and the floral structure of the hybrid spike resembled a modified wheat spike. The hybrids had the expected somatic chromosome number of 35 (ABDJN). The average bivalent frequency per cell at metaphase I in the meiocytes was very low, 0.59 and 0.45, respectively, for the two hybrids studied, suggesting the absence of homology between the parental genomes. The meiotic abnormalities observed consisted of lagging chromosomes and cytokinesis irregularities, leading to the production of polyads containing micronuclei at the quartet stage. The backcrossing of one hybrid to wheat cv. Fukuho resulted in the production of one plant with 56 chromosomes. Preliminary results on the evaluation of the BC3 and BC2F2 derivatives for barley yellow dwarf virus resistance (BYDV) suggested that the transfer of BYDV resistance genes from L. multicaulis to wheat is possible.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Leymus, wheat, rye-grass, wild rye, embryo rescue.

Development of interspecific F1 hybrids (Solanum melongena × Solanum khasianum) in eggplant through embryo rescue technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Rattan ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
R. K. Salgotra ◽  
R. K. Samnotra ◽  
Falguni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Khasianum ◽  
Rescue Technique
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