Inflorescence culture of Triticum aestivum × Secale cereale hybrids: production, characterization and cytogenetic analysis of regenerated plants

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Doré ◽  
Y. Cauderon ◽  
M. C. Chueca
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Mother Cells

In vitro culture of immature inflorescences of F1 hybrid plants originating from the cross between the common wheat cultivar Roazon and two inbred lines of rye was carried out with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the medium. After 3 or 8 weeks of culture as undifferentiated callus, 62 plants could be regenerated. Of these, 47 reached the adult stage; 46 of which were analysed for chromosome counts and chromosome pairing. For 44 of these, chromosome counts showed high stability and phenotypes were similar to those of the mother plants. In vitro culture of immature inflorescences could therefore be considered as a possible vegetative multiplication method to obtain numerous copies from one individual. The three other plants exhibited variations in phenotype and chromosome number: one was an amphiploid, and a chromosome was lost in each of the other two. All meristematic cells and pollen mother cells were involved in these numerical changes for each plant. The amphiploid plant (2n = 56) was nonchimeric and all the spikes were highly self-fertile. It could be an efficient method for chromosome doubling. This underscores the usefulness of inflorescence tissue culture for overcoming the sterility barrier in interspecific hybrids.Key words: wheat × rye hybrids, tissue culture, amphiploidization, aneuploidy, meiotic behaviour.

scholarly journals Histology of Microspores of Chile Apple Capsicum pubescens R and P. and in vitro Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
J. L. Rodríguez-de la O ◽  
F. Pérez-Pérez ◽  
M. Pérez-Grajales
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Short Time

In plant biotechnology, in vitro culture of gametic or sexual cells, microspores or pollen grains, has been described as a successful tool to accelerate genetic improvement, obtaining haploid, homozygotic plants or pure lines in a short time. In chile apple, Capsicum pubescens R and P. Anthers were sown in vitro, and their cytological analysis, locating the meiotic division stage of microspores or pollen grains. Flower buds with diameters from 2.5 to 4.4 mm were pre-incubated at 4°C, in ascorbic and citric acid at 100 and 150 mg-L-1 for 24 h. Five semisolid culture media (A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) were used, with Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts (MS), modifying iron and vitamin chelates, sucrose, and L-cysteine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin (Kin). Anthers, in vitro, were plated, in light and dark, for 70 days. Two differentiation media (R1 and R2) were evaluated with 100% MS salts, glycine, kinetin and myo-inositol. The anthers seeded, coincided with the first mitosis of the microspore, the anthers, formed callus in the media (A1) 100 % EDTA-Fe, 0.40 mg-L-1 thiamine, 3 % sucrose) and (A3) 100 % EDTA-Fe, 0.40 mg-L-1 thiamine, 3 % sucrose, 0. 3 mg-L-1 of 2,4-D, and differentiated pro-embryonic structures in (A3) and (A5) 200 % EDTA-Fe, 0.4 mg-L-1 thiamine, 50 mg-L-1 pyridoxine, folic acid, riboflavin and niacin, 0.3 mg-L-1 2,4-D plus 0.3 mg-L-1 Kinetin, as well as roots in (A1). Light influenced the formation of pro-embryos and roots, in the dark callus. The media (R1) and (R2) favored the formation of pro-embryos.

scholarly journals Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketut Anom Wijaya ◽  
Adi Prawoto ◽  
Syrril Ihromi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance

scholarly journals Carbon stock in different ages and plantation system of cocoa: allometric approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitria Yuliasmara ◽  
Aris Wibawa ◽  
Adi Prawoto
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Flower Tissue ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Callus Derived from Marubakaido Apple Rootstock under Different Aluminium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460e-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa F. de Oliveira ◽  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
João B. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

The aim of this work was to evaluate the organogenesis of Marubakaido apple rootstock under different aluminium concentratons. The explants were calli derived from apple internodes treated with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pichloram at 0.5 and 1.0 μM and under five different aluminium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). These calli were then treated with aluminium at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. It was observed shoot regeneration only for those calli previously treated with pichloram. There were no significant difference among the aluminium concentrations.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

scholarly journals VARIATION AMONG PERENNIAL RYEGRASS x TALL FESCUE PLANTS FROM TISSUE CULTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A.G. Scott ◽  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome

Tissue culture was used in an attempt to obtain a fertile perennial ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid. Regenerated hybrid plants were found to be morphologically variable and contain extensive chromosome rearrangements. Spontaneous chromosome doubling had occurred as well as chromosome elimination. though no fertile hybrid plants have been obtained to date. Keywords: somaclonal variation, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, intergeneric hybrids

scholarly journals Influence of Indole acetic acid and Tryptophan on production of Vinblastine and Vincristine of Catharanthus roseous callus cells in the accumulation media of In Vitro tissue culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1113-1119
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Technique

This study on the plant of Ain –AL Bason Catharanthus roseous showed the ability of callus cells that is produced by In Vitro culture technique and transformed to the accumulated media (MS 40gm/L sucrose ,2gm/L IAA Indole acetic acid , 0.5gm/L Tryptophan) to produce Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds. Extraction, purification and quantitive determination of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds using High performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC)were carried out. The results showed that the highest concentration of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds were ( 4.653,12.5 (ppm /0.5 dry Wight respectively from transformed callus cells from MS 40 gm /L sucrose , 2 gm / L NAA Naphthaline acetic acid .

Organogenesis and chromosome number in callus derived from cassava anthers

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chin Liu ◽  
Wen-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

Experiments have been performed to induce callus formation and organogenesis in anther culture of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Callusing was achieved on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MSB) supplemented with 4.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D). No callus was formed from anthers pretreated at 4 °C for more than 48 h or on a medium containing 4g/ℓ activated charcoal. Callus on MSB with 4.44–8.88 μM BAP alone formed roots only. BAP (8.88 μM) in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (10.74 μM) resulted in chlorophyll formation in callus. Abscisic acid (ABA) acted as an antagonist to NAA in reducing the frequency of callus greening when the latter was applied jointly with BAP. Chromosome counts of mitotic figures from callus cells ranged from 34 to 38 indicating that the calli were derived from the somatic tissues of the anthers.

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