Doubled haploids for detecting pleiotropy and linkage of genes controlling two characters

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
E. Reinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Linkage Of Genes

A new method was developed for detecting pleiotropy and linkage of genes controlling two characters. It employs doubled-haploid lines derived from diallel crosses and permits quantification of pleiotropic effects. The method was used to study genetic correlations between five pairs of four characters (heading date, plant height, the number of spikes per hill, and grain yield) in seven varieties of barley. Results suggested that pleiotropy was present in all five pairs of characters and linkage in four pairs of characters. Key words: barley, haploids, pleiotropy, linkage.

FIELD PERFORMANCE OF DOUBLED HAPLOID BARLEY LINES IN COMPARISON WITH LINES DEVELOPED BY THE PEDIGREE AND SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHODS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. PARK ◽  
E. J. WALSH ◽  
E. REINBERGS ◽  
L. S. P. SONG ◽  
K. J. KASHA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Short Time

The performance of 52 doubled haploid (DH) lines from two barley crosses was compared with lines developed by the pedigree (PD) and the single seed descent (SSD) methods. The comparison was made in hill plot tests over a 2-yr period at two locations. There was no difference in grain yield, heading date and plant height between the DH populations and the populations derived by the other two breeding methods. Similar means and ranges, genetic variances and frequencies of desirable genotypes were obtained in the populations produced by the three breeding methods for grain yield, heading date and plant height. The mean grain yields of superior lines were similar for all three methods. There was no indication of deleterious effect of complete homozygosity in the DH lines. In the two crosses examined, the materials generated by the DH method were as good agronomically as those produced by the PD or SSD methods. It was concluded that the doubled haploid technique is a very useful tool for producing high yielding homozygous barley lines in a relatively short time.

Estimates of Genetic Effects of Heading Date, Plant Height, and Grain Yield in Durum Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arnoldo Amaya ◽  
R. H. Busch ◽  
K. L. Lebsock
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Genetic Effects

CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND HARVEST INDEX TO GRAIN YIELD IN F9-DERIVED LINES OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. TAKEDA ◽  
K. J. FREY ◽  
T. B. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Genotypic Correlations ◽  
Day Plot

The contributions of growth rate (GR) and harvest index (HI) to grain yield (GYD) were studied using 1200 F9-derived lines of oats tested for 2 yr. Heritability ranged from 20 to 40% for GYD, GR, and HI. Genotypic correlations of GYD with GR were ca. 0.7 and with HI ca. 0.3. More than 95% of GYD variation was due to GR and HI. An increase of 0.1 g/day/plot GR would result in a 14% increase in GYD, and a 5% increase of HI would cause an 18–19% increase in GYD. GR was positively correlated with heading date and plant height, and negatively with HI.

ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENES IN DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
E. Reinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Number Of Genes

It was shown that the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative character in a single cross can be estimated by dividing the square of the deviation of the most extreme doubled haploid from the sample mean by the genotypic variance of doubled haploids. The number of segregating genes was estimated for three characters in four crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was found that the number of segregating genes for grain yield, heading date, and plant height ranged from 5 to 11, 6 to 9, and 4 to 13, respectively.

Comparison of F2 and F∞ diallel analyses in barley

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
E. Reinbergs ◽  
P. Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hill Plots

A study was conducted in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to compare the relative magnitudes of heterosis to additive × additive epistasis and to compare F2 and F∞, diallel analyses. Both F2 and F∞, progenies were derived from 7 × 7 diallel crosses. Progenies and their parents were evaluated for grain yield, heading date, plant height, and the number of spikes per hill in hill plots with five replications at Elora (Ontario) in 1978. Results suggested that additive × additive epistasis were present for these traits and its magnitude was similar to that of heterosis estimated in F2. Both F2 and F∞ analyses detected the presence of epistasis. Both analyses provided similar estimates of the additive genetic variance for heading date and the number of spikes per hill, but the F2 analysis provided higher estimates than the F∞ analysis for grain yield and plant height. The estimate for grain yield and plant height obtained from the F2 analysis could be biased upward because of the invalid assumption of no epistasis. Estimates of other genetic variance components from the F2 analysis could be biased also. The F∞ diallel analysis not only provided estimates of additive × additive genetic variance for the four traits, it also allowed detection of nonindependent gene distribution in the parents for three of the four traits. Therefore, the limitations of the F2 diallel analysis in the presence of epistasis were apparent in the study. The F2 diallel analysis, however, could be used to detect dominance and maternal effects and thus to complement the F∞ diallel analysisKey words: barley, Hordeum vulgare, diallels, haploids, epistasis, heterosis.

scholarly journals Grain-yield stability among tropical maize hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines under random drought stress and optimum moisture conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Pyton Sserumaga ◽  
Yoseph Beyene ◽  
Kiru Pillay ◽  
Alois Kullaya ◽  
Sylvester O. Oikeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Drought Conditions

Drought is a devastating environmental stress in agriculture and hence a common target of plant breeding. A review of breeding progress on drought tolerance shows that, to a certain extent, selection for high yield in stress-free conditions indirectly improves yield in water-limiting conditions. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the genotype × environment (GE) interaction for grain yield (GY) and other agronomic traits for maize (Zea mays L.) across East African agro-ecologies; and (ii) evaluate agronomic performance and stability in Uganda and Tanzania under optimum and random drought conditions. Data were recorded for major agronomic traits. Genotype main effect plus GE (GGE) biplot analysis was used to assess the stability of varieties within various environments and across environments. Combined analysis of variance across optimum moisture and random drought environments indicated that locations, mean-squares for genotypes and GE were significant for most measured traits. The best hybrids, CKDHH1097 and CKDHH1090, gave GY advantages of 23% and 43%, respectively, over the commercial hybrid varieties under both optimum-moisture and random-drought conditions. Across environments, genotypic variance was less than the GE variance for GY. The hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines produced higher GY and possessed acceptable agronomic traits compared with the commercial hybrids. Hybrid CKDHH1098 ranked second-best under optimum-moisture and drought-stress environments and was the most stable with broad adaptation to both environments. Use of the best doubled-haploids lines in testcross hybrids make-up, well targeted to the production environments, could boost maize production among farmers in East Africa.

AC Westech barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
J. M. Ye ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
G. Atlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Westech is a doubled-haploid derived, six-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield, good test weight, and lodging resistance. AC Westech performs well in the Maritime Region of Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, doubled haploid

scholarly journals SELECTION EFFECTS IN RICE AS ASSESSED BY GENETIC ANALYSIS IN SEGREGATING POPULATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Asadollah Ahmadikhah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Bc1f1 Population ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Filled Seeds

Estimation of selection effects on changes of a trait is of vital importance for the success of any plantbreeding program, and helps to select the desirable breeding method. Heritability and genetic advance areimportant selection parameters, and selection success is a reflectance of selection response. To estimate selectioneffects on rice genetic parameters, a research was conducted using 4 different generations (two parents:Neda and Sadri, and two segregating populations: BC1F1 and BC1S1). After development of a backcross population,a single plant (BC1#4) was selected based on its desirable performance, particularly in heading date andseven other morphological traits. BC1F1 population compared to mid-parent performance showed advance forheading date, plant height, tiller number, hundred seed weight, weight of filled seeds per panicle and grainyield per plant, while mean performance of BC1F1 population compared to BC1S1 population showed advanceonly for heading date, plant height, tiller number and grain yield. Prevalence of additive genetic effects incontrolling panicle weight, hundred seed weight, weight of filled seeds per panicle, plant height and headingdate was observed, and in contrast prevalence of non-additive effects in controlling grain yield was observed.High general heritability was observed for most traits, while only heading date and plant height showeda considerable specific heritability (60.7% and 67.5%, respectively), and grain yield showed a relatively lowspecific heritability (37.0%). High expected genetic advance (ΔGe) was obtained for tiller number (49.4%),followed by grain yield (43.5%) and plant height (35.5%), while the highest real genetic advance (ΔGe) wasobtained for heading date (-8.5%) and tiller number (5.4%). High selection success was obtained only forheading date (51.8%). Altogether, the obtained results gave promise for selecting progenies with early maturityand semi-dwarfism in early segregating generations, while they suggested preference of heterosis for improvementof grain yield.

HERITABILITY ESTIMATES AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. L. Liang ◽  
T. L. Walter ◽  
C. D. Nickell ◽  
Y. O. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Head Weight

Heritability was estimated for 12 agronomic traits in two segregating grain sorghum populations in F3 and F4 generations by parent-offspring regression, parent-offspring correlation, and variance component methods. Half bloom, leaf number, and plant height were most heritable in both populations; head number was least heritable. Grain yield, head weight, kernel number, peduncle diameter, germination percentage, and threshing percentage had medium heritability values. Kernel weight and protein percentage were highly heritable in one population but less heritable in the other.Estimates of genetic correlations showed grain yield positively and strongly correlated with head weight, kernel number, half bloom, leaf number, and plant height, but negatively correlated with germination and protein percentages.Selection indexes constructed using various combinations demonstrated that selecting for yield could be more efficient if combinations other than or in addition to yield were utilized. Selection indexes were less effective in selecting for protein when protein was not included in the index.

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