HERITABILITY ESTIMATES AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. L. Liang ◽  
T. L. Walter ◽  
C. D. Nickell ◽  
Y. O. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Head Weight

Heritability was estimated for 12 agronomic traits in two segregating grain sorghum populations in F3 and F4 generations by parent-offspring regression, parent-offspring correlation, and variance component methods. Half bloom, leaf number, and plant height were most heritable in both populations; head number was least heritable. Grain yield, head weight, kernel number, peduncle diameter, germination percentage, and threshing percentage had medium heritability values. Kernel weight and protein percentage were highly heritable in one population but less heritable in the other.Estimates of genetic correlations showed grain yield positively and strongly correlated with head weight, kernel number, half bloom, leaf number, and plant height, but negatively correlated with germination and protein percentages.Selection indexes constructed using various combinations demonstrated that selecting for yield could be more efficient if combinations other than or in addition to yield were utilized. Selection indexes were less effective in selecting for protein when protein was not included in the index.

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

EPISTASIS IN GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870
Author(s):  
G. H. Liang ◽  
A. D. Dayton ◽  
T. L. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Bloom Date ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Epistasis, or interaction between nonallelic genes in grain sorghum (S. bicolor (L.) Moench), was estimated by comparing means of 20 balanced sets of single- and 3-way crosses. Each balanced set consisted of three single crosses and three 3-way crosses derived from three of the six parental varieties used. Results indicated that epistasis was present in nine sets for grain yield, in 13 sets for half-bloom date, and in 11 sets for plant height and for kernel weight. Epistasis seemingly fluctuates over years and locations. On the average, 3-way hybrids yielded less grain, flowered later, and were taller than the single-cross hybrids.

PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM CROSSES OF SUBSTITUTION LINES OF COMMON WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-821
Author(s):  
Sadeque U. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Quantitative Characters

The recipient variety 'Chinese Spring', chromosome substitution lines 1B of Timstein' and 4A of 'Thatcher', and donor varieties Timstein and Thatcher were studied with respect to six quantitative characters, viz. earliness, plant height, tiller number per plant, kernel number per spike, 1000-kernel weight and total grain yield per plant. Heterosis was observed for all characters; however, the degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrid populations. Evidence for significant improvement in kernel weight and total grain yield per plant combined with early heading and short plant height were obtained. Evidence was obtained indicating that substitution lines may be effective breeding materials in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs.

Yield performance with heritability measurements of half sib families obtained from maize variety Azam

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Faizan Mahmood, Hidayat- Ur-Rahman, Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Fahim-ul- Haq ◽  
Samrin Gul, Quaid Hussain ◽  
Ammara Khalid ◽  
Touheed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Sib Families

This study evaluated the performance of 64 half sib families (HSF) derived from “Azam” variety of maize using partially balanced lattice square design with two replications. Data were recorded on grain yield and other agronomic traits. Observations showed difference in half-sib families for studied traits. Among the 64 half-sib families, minimum days to 50% tasseling (51 days) were observed for HS-49 while maximum (57 days) for HS-63. Minimum days to 50% silking (56 days) were counted for HS-6 while maximum (63 days) for HS-23. Minimum days to 50% anthesis (55 days) were counted for HS-1 and HS-6 while maximum (62 days) for HS-23. Similarly, minimum ASI (-2 days) were observed in HS-1, HS-15, HS-16, HS-28 and HS-63 while maximum (2 days) in HS-48. Minimum (60 cm) ear height was recorded for HS-11 and maximum (93.5 cm) for HS-28. Minimum fresh ear weight (1.3 kg) was weighted for HS-17 while maximum (3.2 kg) for HS-21. Grain moisture was recorded minimum (19.35 %) for HS-19 and maximum (31.25%) for HS-2. HS-42 showed minimum (28 g) 100 kernel weight while HS-5 showed maximum (47 g). Grain yield was minimum (2323 kg ha-1) for HS-17 and maximum (5742 kg ha-1) for HS-21. Maximum heritability estimate (0.92) was recorded for fresh ear weight, while minimum (0.41) was observed for ear height.

Stability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Based on Ammi Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Meijin Ye ◽  
Zhaoyang Chen ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Haiwang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
The Ideal

Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Genetic control of agronomic traits in an oat population of recombinant lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Cristiano Nava ◽  
Ismael Tiago de Lima Duarte ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic traits is essential to increase the efficiency of selection for adapted, high-yielding genotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic control of nine traits of hexaploid oat. Phenotypic data were collected from a population of 162 recombinant lines derived from the cross 'UFRGS17 x UFRGS 930598-6'. For the traits plant growth habit, hairs on leaf edges and panicle type, monogenic genetic control was observed. A quantitative and/or polygenic genetic control was stated for the traits panicle weight, panicle length, vegetative cycle, plant height, test weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for the traits vegetative cycle (h² = 0.89) and plant height (h² = 0.79), while moderate heritability was determined for test weight (h² = 0.51) and grain yield (h² = 0.48).

scholarly journals Management of Leaf Blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) Disease of Wheat with Cultural Practices

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
PCP Chaurasia ◽  
E Duveiller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Late Sowing

An experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Agriculture research Station, Tarahara,Nepal for three consecutive years viz 2000/2001,2001/2002, and 2002/2003 to evaluate theeffects of different cultural practices on leaf blight diseases of wheat caused by Bipolarissorokiniana under terai conditions. The experiment was conducted in factorial RandomizedComplete Block Design with four replications. Four factors, two wheat verities RR-21 andNepal 297,two number of irrigations (two and three irrigations), two doses of Nitrogen fertilizerviz. 60kg N/ha and 120 kg N/ha and two dates of sowing of wheat were examined. Differentyield components, grain yield (kg/plot) and disease severity were recorded to judge the effects ofthese factors on severity of leaf blight of wheat. Nepal Line 297 had significantly less AUDPCbased on flag leaf infection and whole plan as compared to RR-21. Number of irrigations had nosignificant effect on AUDPC, as there was frequent rain during experimental period. Doses ofNitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. It was higher incase of 60 kg N/ha. The third week of November sowing of wheat had lower value of AUDPCas compared to December sowing. Plant height, panicle lengths were highly significantly higherin case of RR-21 as compared to Nepal-297. Thousand kernel weight, and grain yield kg/ha weresignificantly higher in Nepal-297. All agronomic parameters except thousand kernel weight andnumber of tillers/plan were significantly higher in 120kg N/ha. The third week of Novembersowing of wheat had less plant height and panicle length, higher thousand kernel weight andmore grain yield. Leaf blight severity was highly significantly less in case of Nepal-297. Dosesof Nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, panicle length, thousand kernelweight, percentage flag leaf infection and AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. Based on theresults of three years of experimentations, it can be concluded that Nepal-297 had less disease,number of irrigations had no effect on disease severity, higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer hadless flag infection and late sowing of wheat also had less disease. Numbers of irrigation's effectswere inconclusive as there were frequent rains during experimentation period. Based on aboveconclusion, it is recommended that growing wheat verity like Nepal-297, use of higher doses ofnitrogen fertilizer and sowing of wheat / first week of Dec help in minimizing the severity of leafblight. However late sowing had lowered grain yield.Key words: AUDPC; culture practices; disease management; leaf blightDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1870Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.63-69

Effect of nitrogen and zinc on yield, protein content and quality of wheat in Egypt

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. M. Youssef ◽  
A. Y. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Linear Manner

SummaryGrain yield, plant height, spike length, grain weight per spike, 100-kernel weight, protein quantity and quality of Mexipak wheat grown with four rates of applied nitrogen (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg N/ha) and five rates of applied zinc (0, 1·25, 2·5, 5·0 and 7·5 kg Zn/ha) were measured. All these attributes were affected significantly by nitrogen fertilization in a linear manner. Differences among rates of applied zinc were significant for grain weight per spike, 100-kernel weight, grain yield and protein quantity and quality.

Gibberellic acid-sensitive dwarfing genes reduce plant height to increase kernel number and grain yield of wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
R. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Reduced Height

The Norin-10 dwarfing genes, Rht-B1b (Rht1) and Rht-D1b (Rht2), have been used to reduce plant height and increase grain yield in wheat breeding programs worldwide. Other dwarfing genes are available to reduce plant height of wheat but little is known of their effects on grain yield. A set of random, F5-derived wheat lines containing either minor genes for reduced plant height, or major gibberellic acid (GA) sensitive Rht8 and Rht9 dwarfing genes, were obtained from 3 different populations. Environment mean yields ranged from 2.5 to 4.6 t/ha. Genotypic variation was large and significant (P < 0.05) for plant height, grain yield and its components, and kernel number and size. Approximately 30% of lines were as short as variety Hartog, while kernel number per m2, harvest index, and grain yield of the shortest GA-sensitive lines were not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the commercial semidwarf checks Janz or Hartog. Furthermore, genotypic differences in plant height were genetically correlated (rg) with variation in kernel number (rg = −0.76*), harvest index (−0.71*), and grain yield (−0.62*). These correlated effects were confirmed with retrospective selection for height and were consistent with reported height effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes on kernel number and harvest index in wheat. Plant height differences among GA-sensitive lines were independent of variation in seedling characteristics (r2 = 0.01–0.02 n.s.), while a number of reduced-height lines produced 50% longer coleoptiles and greater seedling biomass than Janz. These studies demonstrate a correlation between the shorter height of GA-sensitive dwarfing genes and increased grain yield, and suggest their potential for improving wheat establishment through greater coleoptile length and early vigour.

scholarly journals CAPACIDADE COMBINATÓRIA DE LINHAGENS E SELEÇÃO DE HÍBRIDOS DE SORGO GRANÍFERO

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÍCERO BESERRA MENEZES ◽  
CRISLENE VIEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
DOUGLAS CIRINO SALDANHA ◽  
MARCOS PAULO MINGOTE JÚLIO ◽  
KARLA JORGE DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Parental Selection ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Partial Diallel

RESUMO - O objetivo do presente trabalho foi selecionar parentais e híbridos de sorgo granífero para características agronômicas. Foram avaliados 184 cruzamentos oriundos de um dialelo parcial envolvendo 16 linhagens macho-estéreis e 12 restauradoras da fertilidade. Foram realizados 8 experimentos, com 23 híbridos cada e duas testemunhas adicionais (BRS 304 e BRS 330), em blocos casualizados, com duas repetições. Foram avaliadas as características rendimento de grãos, florescimento e altura de plantas. Os efeitos de CGC e CEC foram significativos para as três características, mostrando a importância dos efeitos aditivos e dominantes no controle destes caracteres. O quadrado médio para CGC foi superior ao da CEC. Todos os parentais que contribuíram para aumentar o rendimento de grãos também o fizeram para altura de plantas, exceto pelos parentais femininos CMSXS 1006 e CMSXS 1011, mostrando a dificuldade de dissociar estas duas características. Os híbridos mais produtivos apresentaram altura de plantas acima do recomendado para sorgo granífero, mesmo assim foi possível a seleção de cruzamentos que apresentaram rendimento de grãos acima da média, florescimento abaixo da média e altura dentro do padrão exigido. Dentre estes, pode-se destacar os híbridos CMSXS 1002 x CMSXS 1102, CMSXS 1006 x RTx2907, ATx ARG 1 x SC1155 e CMSXS 1008 x Tx2741.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, seleção de parentais, dialelo, hibridação, melhoramento de plantas. COMBINING ABILITY OF LINES AND SELECTION OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS  ABSTRACT - The purpose of this work was to select grain sorghum lines and hybrids for growing as succession crop. Crosses, coming from a partial diallel involving 16 male sterile lines and 12 restorer lines, were evaluated. Eight experiments were carried out with 23 hybrids each and two additional checks (BRS 304 and BRS 330) in randomize complete blocks design, with two replications and plot of two lines of five meters long. Grain yield, days to flowering and plant height were evaluated. The effects of GCA and SCA were significant, showing the importance of both additive and dominant effects in the control of these traits. The mean square for GCA was well above the SCA, suggesting the importance of parental selection in sorghum. Only the lines CMSXS 1006 and CMSXS 1011 contributed to rise grain yield without increasing the plant height in the hybrids they compose. The most productive hybrids showed plants above 150 cm, however it was still possible to get crossings that had yield above average, cycle below average and plant height within the standard required for grain sorghum. Among these are the hybrids CMSXS 1002 x CMSXS 1102, CMSXS 1006 x RTx2907, ATX ARG 1 x SC1155 and CMSXS 1008 x Tx2741, with high yields and CEC.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, parental selection, diallel, hybridization, crop breeding.

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