Relationships between floret size and grain weight in aneuploid lines of homoeologous group-5 chromosomes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chinese Spring

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Millet
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Chromosome 5A ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Volume Estimates

Various aneuploids of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chinese Spring were used to study the dosage effect of group-5 chromosomes on spike morphology, size of floral organs, and grain weight. Reduced dosage resulted in smaller floral organs, smaller floret cavities, and lighter grains than in the euploid, while increased dosage had the opposite effects. Chromosome 5A was the most effective in inducing these changes, whereas in most cases 5B was the least effective. Based on the various lines studied, a high linear correlation was found between the weight of the basal grains in the central spikelets and the volume estimates of the florets in which they were developed. The different lines exhibited a considerable similarity between the size distribution of floral organs and the grain weight distribution in the main spike. Pleiotropic effects of genes located on group-5 chromosomes on size of floral organs and grain weight are suggested.Key words: Wheat, aneuploids, group-5 chromosomes.

Chilling injury and chlorotic reactions of euploids and aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of common wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Aneuploid seedlings of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chinese Spring (CS) that are nullisomic or telosomic for the long arm of chromosome 6D are susceptible to chilling injury under prolonged exposure to 6 °C; normal euploids or telosomics for the short arm are not. Studies of seedling grown for various durations at 20 °C prior to growth at 6 °C showed that chilling injury was a juvenile phenomenon and that the extent of injury was inversely proportional to the duration of growth at 20 °C to a maximum of about 14 days. When reciprocal crosses were made between susceptible 6D nullisomics or long-arm ditelocentrics of CS and resistant 6D nullisomics of three spring and one winter wheat cultivars, progenies from aneuploid F1 hybrids all segregated for susceptibility as a recessive trait and at a frequency approximating a dihybrid ratio; no cytoplasmic effects were detected. Aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of the spring wheat cvs. Cadet and Rescue were resistant, as were group 6 whole-chromosome substitutions of eight different donor wheats in the recipient parent CS and 56 other euploids tested. Genes for resistance to chilling injury appear to involve the group 6 chromosomes and the short arm of 6D in Chinese Spring. In contrast with chilling injury, all aneuploid lines with only four doses of the "corroded" loci on group 6 chromosomes exhibited chlorotic symptoms.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chilling injury.

Construction of comparative genetic maps of two 4Bs.4Bl-5Rl translocations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Leach ◽  
I S Dundas ◽  
A Houben
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Wheat Lines

The physical length of the rye segment of a 4BS.4BL–5RL translocation derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1-2-4-7 in a Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' background was measured using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and found to be 16% of the long arm. The size of this translocation was similar to previously published GISH measurements of another 4BS.4BL–5RL translocation in a Triticum aestivum 'Viking' wheat background. Molecular maps of both 4BS.4BL–5RL translocations for 2 different wheat backgrounds were developed using RFLP analysis. The locations of the translocation breakpoints of the 2 4BS.4BL–5RL translocations were similar even though they arose in different populations. This suggests a unique property of the region at or near the translocation breakpoint that could be associated with their similarity and spontaneous formation. These segments of rye chromosome 5 also contain a gene for copper efficiency that improves the wheat's ability to cope with low-copper soils. Genetic markers in these maps can also be used to screen for copper efficiency in bread wheat lines derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1 2-4-7.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat–rye translocation, homoeologous group 4, homoeologous group 5, GISH, comparative map, copper efficiency, hairy peduncle.

Development of a deletion and genetic linkage map for the 5A and 5B chromosomes of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gadaleta ◽  
A. Giancaspro ◽  
S.L. Giove ◽  
S. Zacheo ◽  
O. Incerti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Chromosome 5A

The aims of the present study were to provide deletion maps for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) chromosomes 5A and 5B and a detailed genetic map of chromosome 5A enriched with popular microsatellite markers, which could be compared with other existing maps and useful for mapping major genes and quantitative traits loci (QTL). Physical mapping of 165 gSSR and EST–SSR markers was conducted by amplifying each primer pair on Chinese Spring, aneuploid lines, and deletion lines for the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population that is recombinant for only chromosome 5A was obtained by crossing the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and the disomic substitution line Chinese Spring-5A dicoccoides and was used to develop a genetic linkage map of chromosome 5A. A total of 67 markers were found polymorphic between the parental lines and were mapped in the RIL population. Sixty-three loci and the Q gene were clustered in three linkage groups ordered at a minimum LOD score of 5, while four loci remained unlinked. The whole genetic 5A chromosome map covered 420.2 cM, distributed among three linkage groups of 189.3, 35.4, and 195.5 cM. The EST sequences located on chromosomes 5A and 5B were used for comparative analysis against Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. and rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genomes to resolve orthologous relationships among the genomes of wheat and the two model species.

scholarly journals Allelic Variations in 5' UTR of TaAFP-B Effecting the Seed Dormancy and Other Agronomic Traits in Transgenic Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yumei ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Han Bing ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Yanping Xing
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Aba Insensitive ◽  
Transcript Expression Level

Abstract BackgroundTaAFP (Triticum aestivum L. ABA insensitive five binding protein) is the homology of AFP of Arabidopsis thaliana which was a negative regulator in ABA signaling and regulated embryo germination and seed dormancy. TaABI5 (Triticum aestivum L. ABA insensitive five) gene was seed-specific, and accumulated during wheat grain maturation and dormancy acquisition, which played an important role in seed dormancy. In our previous study, two allelic variants of TaAFP were identified on chromosome 2BS in common wheat, and designated as TaAFP-B1a and TaAFP-B1b. Sequence analysis showed a 4-bp insertion in the 5’UTR region of TaAFP-B1a compared with TaAFP-B1b, which affected the mRNA transcription level, mRNA decay, translation levels of GUS and tdTomatoER, GUS activity, and was significantly associated with seed dormancy in common wheat. ResultsThe results of transgenic wheats showed that: the genotypes of average GI values, plant height, grain weight of hundred and rough of second and third stem node are all significantly more in pUbi-TaAFP-BaS transformed wheat plants than in pUbi-TaAFP-BbS transformed ones, but transcript expression level. ConclusionAbove all dates indicated that the 4-bp insertion in the 5'UTR of TaAFP-B decreased the transcript expression level of TaAFP-B and the PHS resistance, and increased the plant height, grain weight of hundred and lodging resistance in this system of over expression transgenic wheat.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THREE CHROMOSOMAL INTERCHANGES IN COMMON WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Baier ◽  
F. J. Zeller ◽  
G. Fischbeck
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratios

Analyzing the F1 P.M.C.s of the crosses between Solo and the 21 monosomic lines of Chinese Spring three chromosomal interchanges involving six wheat chromosomes were identified. 5B/7B involves the longest segments and is already known in other varieties. 7A/7D involves a powdery mildew resistance gene, probably Pm 1 on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 7A. An attempt is made to explain the deviating segregation ratios of these two aneuploid F2's in the mildew tests. 2A/4D probably involves very short segments since only one single cell out of 1,400 P.M.C.s showed three quadrivalents.

Characterization of an IAA-glucose hydrolase gene TaTGW6 associated with grain weight in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jian Hu ◽  
Hai-Ping Zhang ◽  
Jia-Jia Cao ◽  
Xiao-Feng Zhu ◽  
Sheng-Xing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight

CYTOGENETICS OF SOLID STEM IN COMMON WHEAT: II. STEM SOLIDNESS OF MONOSOMIC LINES OF THE VARIETY S-615

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
M. D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Solid Stem ◽  
Group 5

Lines of a variety of common wheat, S-615, monosomic for chromosomes III and XVI of homoeologous group 3 had culms less solid in the top internode than normal S-615. Monosomics of homoeologous group 5, namely, V, IX, and XVIII, were less solid in the bottom four internodes than S-615. These five chromosomes carry genes for solid stem in this variety. Monosomics XIX, XX, and XXI, the D-genome chromosomes of homoeologous groups 6, 2, and 7 respectively, were more solid than the normal check in both top and lower internodes, indicating that the missing chromosomes carry genes for hollow stem. Chromosome XIII, a homoeologue of XX, which in Chinese Spring has a gene for hollow stem, does not affect the amount of pith in the culm of S-615.The concept of the culm phenotype in a given environment resulting from an interaction of genes promoting pith development and those opposing it makes it possible to reconcile results of genetic experiments on solid stem in wheat that previously appeared contradictory.

GENES FOR VERNALIZATION RESPONSE IN HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP 5 OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Group 5

The altered vernalization response of normal Chinese Spring caused by the three individually-substituted chromosomes of homoeologous group 5 of Hope in Chinese Spring was found to be controlled by a single gene on each chromosome. The alleles on chromosomes 5A and 5B of Hope are dominant to those on their respective homologues in Chinese Spring for lowered vernalization response, while that on Hope 5D is dominant to that on Chinese Spring 5D for increased vernalization response. The possibility has been discussed of the vernalization response locus on Hope 5D bearing a null allele or an allele with very little involvement in the vernalization process, in which case the strong vernalization response exhibited by Chinese Spring/Hope 5D could merely be a function of genes promoting vernalization response in the rest of the Chinese Spring genotype.

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