β-carotene as an inhibitor of benzo(a)pyrene and mitomycin C induced chromosomal breaks in the bone marrow of mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Raj ◽  
Morris Katz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks ◽  
Β Carotene

Female mice of hybrid strain B6C3F1, 8–10 weeks old, were fed on powdered food with or without β-carotene (100 mg/kg food). After 1 week of these diets, some of each group of mice were injected i.p. with either benzo(a)pyrene (150 mg/kg) in dimethyl sulfoxide, or mitomycin C (1 mg/kg) in distilled water. In the course of separate experiments, bone marrow samples were collected at various intervals after injection for analysis in the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay. At the time at which the maximum induction was observed, which coincided between experiments, the frequency of micronuclei induced by benzo(a)pyrene was reduced by 41–61% and that induced by mitomycin C was reduced by 44–71% in the presence of β-carotene. β-carotene is widely distributed in plant material such as carrots and green leafy vegetables and, as such, is a component of the human diet. Our results suggest that β-carotene provides significant protection against the genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene and mitomycin C.Key words: β-carotene, inhibitor, chromosomal breaks, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Genotoxic evaluation of ceftriaxone by in vivo micronucleus test in albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Kunjumon Dayana ◽  
Megaravalli R. Manasa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Genotoxicity screening of drugs is essential. It is mandatory for new drugs. However, screening of drugs already in use is also necessary. Several cephalosporins are reported to induce chromosomal aberrations in previous studies. But there is paucity of data regarding the genotoxic potential of ceftriaxone. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, by micronucleus assay in albino mice.Methods: In vivo micronucleus test was performed with mice bone marrow after intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone at 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kg BW at 24 hr and 48 hr harvest time. Mice bone marrow was harvested, and slides were prepared. The percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (% MnPCE) and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE:NCE) were determined. The data from ceftriaxone treated groups was compared with control group and analyzed using ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test.Results: Ceftriaxone at the dose of 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kg BW did not exhibit any significant increase in the percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. It also did not decrease the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes significantly.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that ceftriaxone is not genotoxic in in vivo micronucleus study in albino mice at a dose of 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kg BW.

Glucosamine Protects Rat Bone Marrow Cells Against Cisplatin-induced Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 1695-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Cheki ◽  
Salman Jafari ◽  
Masoud Najafi ◽  
Aziz Mahmoudzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Rat Bone ◽  
Marrow Cells

Background and Objective: Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. In the present study, the chemoprotectant ability of glucosamine was evaluated against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow cells. Methods: Glucosamine was orally administrated to rats at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days. On the seventh day, the rats were treated with a single injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at 1h after the last oral administration. The cisplatin antagonistic potential of glucosamine was assessed by micronucleus assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level analysis, hematological analysis, and flow cytometry. Results: Glucosamine administration to cisplatin-treated rats significantly decreased the frequencies of Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and Micronucleated Normchromatic Erythrocytes (MnNCEs), and also increased PCE/(PCE+NCE) ratio in bone marrow cells. Furthermore, treatment of rats with glucosamine before cisplatin significantly inhibited apoptosis, necrosis and ROS generation in bone marrow cells, and also increased red blood cells count in peripheral blood. Conclusion: This study shows glucosamine to be a new effective chemoprotector against cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in rat bone marrow cells. The results of this study may be helpful in reducing the harmful effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the future.

Evaluation of genotoxicity of pan masala employing chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assay in bone marrow cells of the mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
BN Mojidra ◽  
K. Archana ◽  
AK Gautam ◽  
Y. Verma ◽  
BC Lakkad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marrow Cells

Pan masala is commonly consumed in south-east Asian and other oriental countries as an alternate of tobacco chewing and smoking. Genotoxic potential of pan masala (pan masala plain and pan masala with tobacco known as gutkha) was evaluated employing chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay in vivo. Animals were exposed to three different doses (0.5%, 1.5% and 3%) of pan masala plain (PMP) and gutkha (PMT) through feed for a period of 6 months and micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations were studied in the bone marrow cells. Induction of mean micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and normochromatic erythrocyte (MNNCE) was higher in both types of pan masala treated groups with respect to control group. Both pan masala plain and gutkha treatment significantly induced the frequency of MNPCE and MNNCE in the bone marrow cells, indicating the genotoxic potential. Furthermore, slight decline in the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes was also noticed, suggesting the cytotoxic potential even though the ratio was statistically non significant. A dose-dependent, significant increase in chromosome aberration was observed in both types of pan masala treated mice with respect to control. However, no significant difference in micronucleus and chromosomal aberration induction was noticed between two types of pan masala exposed (PMP and PMT) groups. Results suggest that both types of pan masala, i.e. plain and gutkha, have genotoxic potential.

Phenotypic correction of Fanconi anemia group C knockout mice

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Gush ◽  
Kai-Ling Fu ◽  
Markus Grompe ◽  
Christopher E. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Fanconi Anemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Marrow Cells

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and a predisposition to malignancy. FA cells demonstrate hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, such as mitomycin C (MMC). Mice with a targeted disruption of the FANCC gene (fancc −/− nullizygous mice) exhibit many of the characteristic features of FA and provide a valuable tool for testing novel therapeutic strategies. We have exploited the inherent hypersensitivity offancc −/− hematopoietic cells to assay for phenotypic correction following transfer of the FANCC complementary DNA (cDNA) into bone marrow cells. Murine fancc −/− bone marrow cells were transduced with the use of retrovirus carrying the humanfancc cDNA and injected into lethally irradiated recipients. Mitomycin C (MMC) dosing, known to induce pancytopenia, was used to challenge the transplanted animals. Phenotypic correction was determined by assessment of peripheral blood counts. Mice that received cells transduced with virus carrying the wild-type gene maintained normal blood counts following MMC administration. All nullizygous control animals receiving MMC exhibited pancytopenia shortly before death. Clonogenic assay and polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed gene transfer of progenitor cells. These results indicate that selective pressure promotes in vivo enrichment offancc-transduced hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In addition, MMC resistance coupled with detection of the transgene in secondary recipients suggests transduction and phenotypic correction of long-term repopulating stem cells.

Absorption of calcium from a leafy vegetable rich in oxalates

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmila Pingle ◽  
B. V. Ramasastri
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Regular Source ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Β Carotene

1. Plant foods, especially green leafy vegetables, are the cheapest and richest source of calcium in developing countries and are recommended in balanced diets. Hence it was worth while obtaining further information about the availability of Ca from these commonly-consumed green leaves.2. The green leafy vegetable belonging to Amaranthus spp. was taken as a suitable experimental model because it is not only commonly-consumed, but is also rich in Ca and oxalates. In the first experiment, each of the eight adult male subjects was given a basal diet containing negligible Ca, a milk diet and an ‘Amaranthus’ diet, both containing the same amount of Ca. These diets were given on 3 consecutive days and the urinary Ca excreted in a 6 h period after the test diet was considered an approximate index of Ca absorbed in that period. The second experiment was designed to study the influence of Amaranthus spp. on the availability of milk Ca. Each of the ten adult male subjects were given a basal diet, a milk diet and a diet containing the same amount of milk with Amaranthus spp. added to it. Urinary Ca excreted in a period of 6 h was estimated.3. While availability of Ca from milk was good, that from Amaranthus leaves was low. The ingestion of Amaranthus leaves together with milk adversely affected the absorption of milk Ca.4. In view of these findings, recommendation of green leaves as a regular source of Ca to the vulnerable section of the Indian Community should be considered with caution. Since green leaves are a main source of other nutrients, especially β-carotene, their consumption cannot be discouraged and hence leaves low in oxalates should be recommended.

scholarly journals O 6-Benzylguanine Potentiates the In Vivo Toxicity and Clastogenicity of Temozolomide and BCNU in Mouse Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1566-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachimuthu Chinnasamy ◽  
Joseph A. Rafferty ◽  
Ian Hickson ◽  
John Ashby ◽  
Helen Tinwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Lower Magnitude ◽  
Marrow Cellularity

Abstract The effects of treatment of mice with O6-benzylguanine (O6-BeG) on the levels of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) in the hematopoietic compartment and on the in vivo sensitivity of hematopoietic progenitor cells to the toxic and clastogenic effects of the antitumor agents 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-nitrosourea (BCNU) and temozolomide were studied. When the overall effects of BCNU alone or with O6-BeG pretreatment were compared, dose potentiating factors of 4.17 for marrow cellularity, 4.57 for granulocyte macrophage-colony forming cells (GM-CFC) and 8.25 for colony forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) in O6-BeG pretreated versus nonpretreated animals were observed. A similar trend of dose potentiation was observed for temozolomide, although it was of lower magnitude: 1.20 for marrow cellularity, 1.63 for GM-CFC, and 1.68 for CFU-S. When the clastogenic effects of BCNU and temozolomide were examined in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, a significantly (P < .05 to .001) higher frequency of micronuclei formation was observed in mice that received O6-BeG pretreatment compared with mice that received no pretreatment. These data suggest that the use of O6-BeG as a tumor-sensitizing agent before treatment of patients with O6-alkylating agents may lead to more severe hematological toxicity and possibly to an increased incidence of secondary leukemias as a result of elevated mutation frequencies in these patients.

scholarly journals In vivo Role of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 in Metabolic Activation of Mitomycin C and Bone Marrow Cytotoxicity

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (17) ◽  
pp. 7966-7971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbu Karani Adikesavan ◽  
Roberto Barrios ◽  
Anil K. Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Metabolic Activation

scholarly journals Reduction of doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity by Handroanthus impetiginosus in mouse bone marrow revealed by micronucleus assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. F. G. Boriollo ◽  
T. A. Silva ◽  
M. F. Rodrigues-Netto ◽  
J. J. Silva ◽  
M. B. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Handroanthus Impetiginosus

Abstract Handroanthus impetiginosus has long been used in traditional medicine and various studies have determined the presence of bioactive chemical compounds and potential phytotherapeutics. In this study, the genotoxicity of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI) was evaluated in mouse bone marrow using micronucleus assays. The interaction between THI and genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR), was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), sodium chloride (NaCl; 150 mM), and THI (0.5-2 g/kg). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using THI (0.5 g/kg) in combination with NEU or DXR. Analysis of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) indicated no significant differences between treatment doses of THI (0.5-2 g/kg) and NaCl. Polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratios did not indicate any statistical differences between DXR and THI or NaCl, but there were differences between THI and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratios was observed when THI was administered in combination with DXR. This study suggested the absence of THI genotoxicity that was dose-, time-, and gender-independent and the presence of moderate systemic toxicity that was dose-independent, but time- and gender-dependent. The combination of THI and DXR also suggested antigenotoxic effects, indicating that THI reduced genotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

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