Vernalization and photoperiodic responses of selected chromosome substitution lines derived from 'Rescue', 'Cadet', and 'Cypress' wheats

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts ◽  
R. I. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses

The vernalization responses of 'Rescue', 'Cadet', 'Cypress', and selected chromosome substitution lines derived from these cultivars were measured by comparing days to ear emergence of vernalized and unvernalized plants under 24- and 16-h photoperiods. The genotype of 'Cadet' appears to be Vrn1Vrni1, vrn4vrn4, vrnxvrnx (where vrnx is an unidentified locus), and of 'Rescue' vrn1vrn1, Vrn3Vrn3, Vrn4Vrn4. 'Cypress' appears to carry Vrn4 and one or both of vrn1, and vrn3. Although some minor photoperiod responses were observed, no loci involved in major photoperiod responses were detected on chromosomes 5A, 4B, and 5B in 'Rescue' or 'Cadet' or on chromosome 5B in 'Cypress'. However, the duration of the basic vegetative phase appears to be controlled by a locus or loci on chromosome 5B, and chromosomes 5A and 4B may be involved in minor photoperiodic responses.Key words: Triticum aestivum, vernalization, photoperiod responses.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HEXAPLOID WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM, USING INTERVARIETAL CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES. I. CULM LENGTH, EAR DENSITY, SPIKELET NUMBER AND FERTILITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses

Genetic analyses were conducted of culm length, ear density, spikelet number and fertility in wheat using the two cultivars Chinese Spring and Hope and the 21 chromosome substitution lines of Hope in Chinese Spring.Elimination of differential vernalization and photoperiodic responses of the substitution lines revealed comparatively simple genetic control of these characters. Minimal estimates of the number of genes determining character expression are three for culm length, four for ear density, six for spikelet number and five for fertility. Major and minor influences of these genes have been arbitrarily determined.

CHROMOSOMES OF CHINESE SPRING WHEAT CARRYING GENES FOR CROSSABILITY WITH BETZES BARLEY

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Perry Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

Chromosome substitution lines of the variety Hope in Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed onto Betzes barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.). Three substitution lines of Hope involving chromosomes 5A, 5B, 5D gave no seed-set indicating that their counterparts in Chinese Spring were responsible for crossability with barley and that they function in complementary fashion. Other chromosomes of Hope had minor effects on crossability with barley.

Chromosomes in 'Cadet' and 'Rescue' wheats carrying loci for cold hardiness and vernalization response

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines

'Rescue', 'Cadet', and the 42 reciprocal chromosome substitution lines derived from these two spring wheat cultivars were tested for vernalization response and cold hardiness. Cold hardiness was tested after hardening under a 16-h day for 8 weeks with 6 °C day and 4 °C night temperatures or in the dark for 7 weeks at 0.8 °C followed by 8 weeks at −5 °C. Chromosomes 5A, 5B, 7B, and possibly 2A carried loci for vernalization response. Chromosomes 2A, 5A, and 5B carried loci affecting cold hardiness measured after 8 weeks in the light at 6 °C during the day and 4 °C at night, whereas chromosomes 6A, 3B, 5B, and 5D were involved in cold hardiness after hardening in the dark at 0.8 °C followed by −5 °C. The results suggest that the rank order of cultivars for cold hardiness depends on the hardening technique used since the two different techniques tested had different genetic and presumably somewhat different biochemical bases.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cold hardiness, vernalization.

Microsatellites confirm the authenticity of inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pestsova ◽  
E. Salina ◽  
A. Börner ◽  
V. Korzun ◽  
O. I. Maystrenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines

Natural outcrossing in wheat substitution lines

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Redden
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Starch Gel

The frequency of natural outcrossing in two chromosome substitution lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) was estimated with one procedure and in a third substitution line with another method. The first procedure utilized a dominant inhibitor of awns as the marker to detect outcrosses in the progeny of an awned line. This trial was repeated at five locations. Segregation tests indicated that up to 80 (0.32%) awnless outcrosses were present in an estimated sample of 25,450 progeny. The second method measured outcrossing between a substitution line and two unrelated varieties by observing the intermediate phenotype of the F1 spike. Confirmation of hybridity was obtained for each plant by using starch gel electrophoresis on the endosperm of five F2 seeds from the intermediate F1 spike. This method indicated 0.16% natural outcrossing.

scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Macronutrients

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Sukumar Saha ◽  
Jennifer L. Tonos ◽  
Jodi A. Scheffler ◽  
Johnie N. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Nutrients, including macronutrients such as Ca, P, K, and Mg, are essential for crop production and seed quality, and for human and animal nutrition and health. Macronutrient deficiencies in soil lead to poor crop nutritional qualities and a low level of macronutrients in cottonseed meal-based products, leading to malnutrition. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with a high level of macronutrients or significant variability in the macronutrient content of crop seeds is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on cottonseed macronutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and content of the cottonseed macronutrients Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S in chromosome substitution lines (CS). Nine chromosome substitution lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations in 2013 in South Carolina, USA, and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA. The controls used were TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line, and the cultivar AM UA48. The results showed major variability in macronutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and controls. For example, in South Carolina, the mean values showed that five CS lines (CS-T02, CS-T04, CS-T08sh, CS-B02, and CS-B04) had higher Ca level in seed than controls. Ca levels in these CS lines varied from 1.88 to 2.63 g kg−1 compared with 1.81 and 1.72 g kg−1 for TM-1 and AMUA48, respectively, with CS-T04 having the highest Ca concentration. CS-M08sh exhibited the highest K concentration (14.50 g kg−1), an increase of 29% and 49% over TM-1 and AM UA48, respectively. Other CS lines had higher Mg, P, and S than the controls. A similar trend was found at the MS location. This research demonstrated that chromosome substitution resulted in higher seed macronutrients in some CS lines, and these CS lines with a higher content of macronutrients can be used as a genetic tool towards the identification of desired seed nutrition traits. Also, the CS lines with higher desired macronutrients can be used as parents to breed for improved nutritional quality in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., through improvement by the interspecific introgression of desired seed nutrient traits such as Ca, K, P, S, and N. The positive and significant (p ≤ 0.0001) correlation of P with Ca, P with Mg, S with P, and S with N will aid in understanding the relationships between nutrients to improve the fertilizer management program and maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.

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