Interstrain differences for larval dispersal and egg cannibalism in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Mayes ◽  
DuWayne C. Englert
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Interstrain Differences ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Egg Cannibalism ◽  
Genetic Strains ◽  
Cannibalism Rate

Egg cannibalism rates and degree of dispersal were examined for 14-day-old larvae of two genetic strains, wild type (+) and antennapedia (ap), of Tribolium castaneum in fractionable shell vials. Forty-eight treatment combinations of fixed placement levels for eggs (top, middle, bottom, and random) and larvae (top, middle, and bottom) were tested for each strain in three replicates. Following a 24-h treatment exposure period, measurements of egg cannibalism and larval position revealed that + larvae tended to disperse toward the bottom regardless of original placement position or egg type, while ap larvae tended to remain near the original placement position. Overall larval dispersal was affected by egg position. Egg cannibalism rate was higher for + larvae than ap larvae, and some degree of ap egg preference was exhibited by + larvae. No similar opposite genotype preference was exhibited by ap larvae.Key words: cannibalism, behavior, quantitative genetics, Tribolium.

scholarly journals Ovicidal Activity of Essential Oils against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Mondal ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Ovicidal Effect

Context: The essential oils are being tried as potential candidates for pest and disease management. Several essential oils of botanical origin have been reported for their repellant, toxic and developmental inhibitory activities. The ovicidal effect of essential oil is probably the major factor in the suppression of the development of adults from treated eggs.Objectives: To investigate the ovicidal effect of vapours of five essential oils viz., cardamom (Elletaria cardamomum L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), clove (Sygium aromaticum L. Merrill. et. Perry), Eucalyptus spp. and neem (Azadirectica indica A. juss) against the eggs of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).Materials and Methods: Ten eggs (24 h old) of T. castaneum were placed in each petridish with wheat flour as food medium and without flour medium and then the petridish were kept inside 650 ml jars with screwed lids. Aliquots of 0.5 ml of each dose of essential oils were applied on filter paper attached to the lower side of the lids. The exposure periods were 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. After treatment periods, petridishes were taken out of the jars and the final mortality counts were made after 11 days. Mortality data were subjected to probit analysis. Results: The oils had high-fumigant activity against eggs and toxicity progressively increased with increase in exposure time and concentration. At the highest concentration of 5.769 mg/l air and exposure period of 24 h, cinnamon oil achieved 100% mortality in flour and without flour media. The vapours of essential oils from cardamom and clove resulted in 100% mortality of the eggs. Neem oil achieved mortalities as high as 51.66 and 50% mortality at the highest concentration and exposure period in with-flour and without flour medium respectively. At a concentration of 5.769 mg/ l air cardamom oil, the LT90 values were 50.80 and 62.78 h for with-flour and without flour medium respectively.Conclusion: The essential oils of cinnamon and clove, proved to be promising as control agents against stored-product insects, especially T. castaneum.Key words: Essential oil; Fumigant toxicity; Ovicidal activity; Tribolium castaneumDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7102J. bio-sci. 17: 57-62, 2009

DIFFERENTIAL EGG CANNIBALISM AMONG LARVAE OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AS INFLUENCED BY THE ANTENNAPEDIA MUTATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Fogle ◽  
Du Wayne C. Englert
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Egg Cannibalism ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Two Age Groups

Egg cannibalism by antennapedia and wild-type larvae of Tribolium castaneum was analyzed for two age groups (14 and 15 days old) with egg densities of 100 and 400. The effects of larval density and egg genotype (+ or ap) were also analyzed. The + larvae consumed more eggs than ap larvae at both ages for the egg densities tested. Both strains were more cannibalistic at 14 days, consumed a higher percentage of eggs when egg density was increased among 14-day larvae, and tended to consume slightly more eggs of the opposite genotype when they were provided independently. However, neither strain discriminated between eggs of differing genotype when both were provided simultaneously. Egg cannibalism of the + strain increased when both genotypes of eggs were available. Reciprocal F1 hybrid larvae were similar in cannibalistic ability to the strain which served as the male parent. Larvae from "F2 recovered" ap beetles cannibalized fewer eggs than either original strain or the heterozygotes, further implicating the possible pleiotropic effect of the ap mutation on egg cannibalism.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF EGG CANNIBALISM AND OVIPOSITION SITES FOR TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
DuWayne C. Englert ◽  
Don W. Raibley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Egg Cannibalism ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Oviposition Sites

The roles of cannibalism site, oviposition site and adult distribution in producing differences in the egg cannibalism rates for adults of the wild-type and antennapedia strains of Tribolium castaneum were investigated. The effect of egg genotype (+ or ap) in contributing a preferential selection for eating was also examined. The ap adults cannibalized eggs at a lower rate than did + adults, particularly when presented + eggs; no preference was noted for the + strain. Geographic centers for cannibalism site, oviposition site and adult distribution did not differ significantly. However, uniformity of cannibalistic activity and adult distribution occurred only for the + adults, suggesting that the behavioral activities of the two strains contributed to the differences of egg cannibalism possibly through a difference in searching capabilities.

A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
YongLin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Spme Fibre

Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the beetle can serve as biomarkers. Methods: The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released from T. castaneum. Results: The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time, temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were 1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl. Conclusion: This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent treatment.

scholarly journals Analysis of maxillopedia Expression Pattern and Larval Cuticular Phenotype in Wild-Type and Mutant Tribolium

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa D Shippy ◽  
Jianhua Guo ◽  
Susan J Brown ◽  
Richard W Beeman ◽  
Robin E Denell
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Similar Expression ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Abstract The Tribolium castaneum homeotic gene maxillopedia (mxp) is the ortholog of Drosophila proboscipedia (pb). Here we describe and classify available mxp alleles. Larvae lacking all mxp function die soon after hatching, exhibiting strong transformations of maxillary and labial palps to legs. Hypomorphic mxp alleles produce less severe transformations to leg. RNA interference with maxillopedia double-stranded RNA results in phenocopies of mxp mutant phenotypes ranging from partial to complete transformations. A number of gain-of-function (GOF) mxp alleles have been isolated based on transformations of adult antennae and/or legs toward palps. Finally, we have characterized the mxp expression pattern in wild-type and mutant embryos. In normal embryos, mxp is expressed in the maxillary and labial segments, whereas ectopic expression is observed in some GOF variants. Although mxp and Pb display very similar expression patterns, pb null embryos develop normally. The mxp mutant larval phenotype in Tribolium is consistent with the hypothesis that an ancestral pb-like gene had an embryonic function that was lost in the lineage leading to Drosophila.

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