GENETIC ANALYSIS OF EGG CANNIBALISM AND OVIPOSITION SITES FOR TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
DuWayne C. Englert ◽  
Don W. Raibley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Egg Cannibalism ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Oviposition Sites

The roles of cannibalism site, oviposition site and adult distribution in producing differences in the egg cannibalism rates for adults of the wild-type and antennapedia strains of Tribolium castaneum were investigated. The effect of egg genotype (+ or ap) in contributing a preferential selection for eating was also examined. The ap adults cannibalized eggs at a lower rate than did + adults, particularly when presented + eggs; no preference was noted for the + strain. Geographic centers for cannibalism site, oviposition site and adult distribution did not differ significantly. However, uniformity of cannibalistic activity and adult distribution occurred only for the + adults, suggesting that the behavioral activities of the two strains contributed to the differences of egg cannibalism possibly through a difference in searching capabilities.

Interstrain differences for larval dispersal and egg cannibalism in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Mayes ◽  
DuWayne C. Englert
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Interstrain Differences ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Egg Cannibalism ◽  
Genetic Strains ◽  
Cannibalism Rate

Egg cannibalism rates and degree of dispersal were examined for 14-day-old larvae of two genetic strains, wild type (+) and antennapedia (ap), of Tribolium castaneum in fractionable shell vials. Forty-eight treatment combinations of fixed placement levels for eggs (top, middle, bottom, and random) and larvae (top, middle, and bottom) were tested for each strain in three replicates. Following a 24-h treatment exposure period, measurements of egg cannibalism and larval position revealed that + larvae tended to disperse toward the bottom regardless of original placement position or egg type, while ap larvae tended to remain near the original placement position. Overall larval dispersal was affected by egg position. Egg cannibalism rate was higher for + larvae than ap larvae, and some degree of ap egg preference was exhibited by + larvae. No similar opposite genotype preference was exhibited by ap larvae.Key words: cannibalism, behavior, quantitative genetics, Tribolium.

DIFFERENTIAL EGG CANNIBALISM AMONG LARVAE OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AS INFLUENCED BY THE ANTENNAPEDIA MUTATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Fogle ◽  
Du Wayne C. Englert
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Egg Cannibalism ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Two Age Groups

Egg cannibalism by antennapedia and wild-type larvae of Tribolium castaneum was analyzed for two age groups (14 and 15 days old) with egg densities of 100 and 400. The effects of larval density and egg genotype (+ or ap) were also analyzed. The + larvae consumed more eggs than ap larvae at both ages for the egg densities tested. Both strains were more cannibalistic at 14 days, consumed a higher percentage of eggs when egg density was increased among 14-day larvae, and tended to consume slightly more eggs of the opposite genotype when they were provided independently. However, neither strain discriminated between eggs of differing genotype when both were provided simultaneously. Egg cannibalism of the + strain increased when both genotypes of eggs were available. Reciprocal F1 hybrid larvae were similar in cannibalistic ability to the strain which served as the male parent. Larvae from "F2 recovered" ap beetles cannibalized fewer eggs than either original strain or the heterozygotes, further implicating the possible pleiotropic effect of the ap mutation on egg cannibalism.

Inheritance and characterization of a dark-germinating, light-inhibited mutant in the fern Ceratopteris richardii

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2616-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney J. Scott ◽  
Leslie G. Hickok
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ceratopteris Richardii ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
Light Inhibition ◽  
Selection For

Selection for a dark-germinating mutant was made with X-irradiated spores of Ceratopteris richardii. A single mutant line (HαDG1) was recovered and analyzed for its germination responses under different light–dark treatments and for transmission of the trait through a complete sexual cycle. HαDG1 was characterized by two phenotypes, dark germination and light inhibition of germination. These responses were exactly opposite from wild-type responses. The level of dark germination for a particular spore batch was stable through time, whereas light inhibition was unstable with time. Genetic analysis indicated that both phenotypes are associated with a single nuclear gene mutation that has been designated dkg1. Key words: fern, photomorphogenesis, mutant selection, germination, spore.

scholarly journals An efficient selection producing structural gene mutants of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase resistant to pyrazole.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-795
Author(s):  
C Wills ◽  
D Hom
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Allyl Alcohol ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Efficient Selection

Abstract Selection for resistance to allyl alcohol in respiration-incompetent Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a high proportion of mutants that can be localized within the ADH2 structural gene and that still, because of the type of selection employed, retain enzyme activity. We show here that a similar type of selection produces a similarly high proportion of mutants resistant to the competitive inhibitor pyrazole. The first four mutants examined, picked at random from a collection of spontaneous pyrazole-resistant mutants, show altered--usually increased--KM values for ethanol and NAD+, and markedly increased K1 values for pyrazole, compared with the wild type. When these kinetic measures and their electrophoretic mobilities were compared, all the mutants could be clearly distinguished from each other as well as from wild type. Genetic analysis shows these mutants to be close to and probably resident in the structural gene. For a variety of reasons, these mutants are even more favorable subjects for population genetic analysis and the dissection of molecular microevolution than are allyl alcohol-resistant mutants.

scholarly journals Functional expression of a yeast mitochondrial intron-encoded protein requires RNA processing at a conserved dodecamer sequence at the 3' end of the gene.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Zhu ◽  
H Conrad-Webb ◽  
X S Liao ◽  
P S Perlman ◽  
R A Butow
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Yeast Mitochondria ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Var1 Gene ◽  
A Site

All mRNAs of yeast mitochondria are processed at their 3' ends within a conserved dodecamer sequence, 5'-AAUAAUAUUCUU-3'. A dominant nuclear suppressor, SUV3-I, was previously isolated because it suppresses a dodecamer deletion at the 3' end of the var1 gene. We have tested the effects of SUV3-1 on a mutant containing two adjacent transversions within a dodecamer at the 3' end of fit1, a gene located within the 1,143-base-pair intron of the 21S rRNA gene, whose product is a site-specific endonuclease required in crosses for the quantitative transmission of that intron to 21S alleles that lack it. The fit1 dodecamer mutations blocked both intron transmission and dodecamer cleavage, neither of which was suppressed by SUV3-1 when present in heterozygous or homozygous configurations. Unexpectedly, we found that SUV3-1 completely blocked cleavage of the wild-type fit1 dodecamer and, in SUV3-1 homozygous crosses, intron conversion. In addition, SUV3-1 resulted in at least a 40-fold increase in the amount of excised intron accumulated. Genetic analysis showed that these phenotypes resulted from the same mutation. We conclude that cleavage of a wild-type dodecamer sequence at the 3' end of the fit1 gene is essential for fit1 expression.

129 Genomic Relationship Between PRRSV Wild-type Infection and PRRSV Vaccination for Antibody Response and Reproductive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Leticia P Sanglard ◽  
Felipe Hickmann ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent A Gray ◽  
Daniel Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Large White ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Indicator Trait ◽  
Type Infection

Abstract Immunoglobulin G antibody response, measured as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been proposed as an indicator trait for improved reproductive performance in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and PRRSV-vaccinated crossbred gilts. In this study, we investigated the genetic correlations (rg) of S/P ratio following a PRRSV outbreak and PRRSV-vaccination with performance in non-exposed and PRRSV-exposed sows. PRRSV outbreak phase was defined based on previously described methodologies after the detection of typical clinical signs of PRRSV infection. 541 Landrace sows had S/P ratio measured at ~54 days after the beginning of the PRRSV outbreak (S/Poutbreak), and 906 Landrace x Large White naïve F1 gilts had S/P ratio measured at ~50 days after vaccination with a commercial modified live PRRSV vaccine (S/PVx). 711 and 428 Landrace sows had reproductive performance recorded before and during the PRRSV outbreak, respectively. 811 vaccinated F1 animals had farrowing performance for up to 3 parities. All animals were genotyped for ~28K SNPs. The estimate of rg of S/Poutbreakwith S/PVx was high (rg±SE = 0.72±0.18). Estimates of rg of S/Poutbreak with reproductive performance in F1 sows were low to moderate, ranging from 0.05±0.23 (number stillborn) to 0.30±0.20 (total number born). Estimates of rg of S/PVxwith reproductive performance in non-infected purebred sows were moderate and favorable with number born alive (0.50±0.23), but low (0 to -0.11±0.23) with litter mortality traits. Estimates of rg of S/PVx were moderate and negative (-0.47±0.18) with the number of mummies in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and low with other traits (-0.29±0.18 for total number born to 0.05±0.18 for number stillborn). These results indicate that selection for antibody response following a PRRSV outbreak collected in purebred sows and to PRRSV vaccination collected in commercial crossbred gilts may increase litter size of non-infected and PRRSV-exposed purebred and commercial crossbred sows.

scholarly journals Analysis of maxillopedia Expression Pattern and Larval Cuticular Phenotype in Wild-Type and Mutant Tribolium

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa D Shippy ◽  
Jianhua Guo ◽  
Susan J Brown ◽  
Richard W Beeman ◽  
Robin E Denell
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Similar Expression ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Abstract The Tribolium castaneum homeotic gene maxillopedia (mxp) is the ortholog of Drosophila proboscipedia (pb). Here we describe and classify available mxp alleles. Larvae lacking all mxp function die soon after hatching, exhibiting strong transformations of maxillary and labial palps to legs. Hypomorphic mxp alleles produce less severe transformations to leg. RNA interference with maxillopedia double-stranded RNA results in phenocopies of mxp mutant phenotypes ranging from partial to complete transformations. A number of gain-of-function (GOF) mxp alleles have been isolated based on transformations of adult antennae and/or legs toward palps. Finally, we have characterized the mxp expression pattern in wild-type and mutant embryos. In normal embryos, mxp is expressed in the maxillary and labial segments, whereas ectopic expression is observed in some GOF variants. Although mxp and Pb display very similar expression patterns, pb null embryos develop normally. The mxp mutant larval phenotype in Tribolium is consistent with the hypothesis that an ancestral pb-like gene had an embryonic function that was lost in the lineage leading to Drosophila.

scholarly journals Increased rate of base substitution in a hamster mutator strain obtained during serial selection for gene amplification.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6805-6808 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Caligo ◽  
W Armstrong ◽  
B J Rossiter ◽  
M Meuth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Gene Rearrangements ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Mutator Strain ◽  
Mutator Gene ◽  
Selection For

The pattern of mutations produced by a mutator gene (obtained during serial selection for amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase [dhfr] locus) shows a pronounced shift from that found in wild-type cells. The rate of certain types of base substitutions (particularly transitions) is dramatically increased, while gene rearrangements constitute a lower proportion of mutations. These data suggest a lower fidelity of the replication process in the mutator strain.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of “Chameleon,” a Paramecium Mutant With an Enhanced Sensitivity to Magnesium

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-880
Author(s):  
Robin R Preston ◽  
Jocelyn A Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Paramecium Tetraurelia ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ion Conductance ◽  
Membrane Excitation ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Electrophysiological Analysis ◽  
Mutant Strains

Three mutant strains of Paramecium tetraurelia with an enhanced sensitivity to magnesium have been isolated. These new “Chameleon” mutants result from partial- or codominant mutations at a single locus, Cha. Whereas the wild type responded to 5 mm Mg2+ by swimming backward for 10–15 sec, Cha mutants responded with ∼30 sec backward swimming. Electrophysiological analysis suggested that this behavior may be caused by slowing in the rate at which a Mg2+-specific ion conductance deactivates following membrane excitation. This would be consistent with an observed increase in the sensitivity of Cha mutants to nickel poisoning, since Ni2+ is also able to enter the cell via this pathway. More extensive behavioral analysis showed that Cha cells also overresponded to Na+, but there was no evidence for a defect in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis that might account for a simultaneous enhancement of both the Mg2+ and Na+ conductances. The possibility that the Cha locus may encode a specific regulator of the Mg2+- and Na+-permeabilities is considered.

Biochemical and genetic characterization of a yeast TFIID mutant that alters transcription in vivo and DNA binding in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2372-2382
Author(s):  
K M Arndt ◽  
S L Ricupero ◽  
D M Eisenmann ◽  
F Winston
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity ◽  
Selection For

A mutation in the gene that encodes Saccharomyces cerevisiae TFIID (SPT15), which was isolated in a selection for mutations that alter transcription in vivo, changes a single amino acid in a highly conserved region of the second direct repeat in TFIID. Among eight independent spt15 mutations, seven cause this same amino acid change, Leu-205 to Phe. The mutant TFIID protein (L205F) binds with greater affinity than that of wild-type TFIID to at least two nonconsensus TATA sites in vitro, showing that the mutant protein has altered DNA binding specificity. Site-directed mutations that change Leu-205 to five different amino acids cause five different phenotypes, demonstrating the importance of this amino acid in vivo. Virtually identical phenotypes were observed when the same amino acid changes were made at the analogous position, Leu-114, in the first repeat of TFIID. Analysis of these mutations and additional mutations in the most conserved regions of the repeats, in conjunction with our DNA binding results, suggests that these regions of the repeats play equivalent roles in TFIID function, possibly in TATA box recognition.

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