DEVELOPMENTAL CYTOLOGY OF 13 GENETIC MALE STERILE LOCI IN MAIZE

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Albertsen ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Microspore Mitosis ◽  
Nuclear Development ◽  
Normal Thickness ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Nuclear Degradation

Thirteen nonallelic genetic-male sterile loci of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated cytologically to determine the microsporogenesis breakdown characteristics for each mutant. These male-sterile mutants included ms1, ms2, ms5, ms6, ms7, ms8, ms9, ms10, ms11, ms12, ms13, ms14, and ms17 in A632 and 0h43 inbred backgrounds. Male-sterile mutants ms8 and ms9 resulted in abnormal microspore (pollen) mother cells that exhibited nearly normal nuclear development but abnormal cellular development. These mutants had the earliest effect on microsporogenesis. Male-sterile mutants ms5, ms11, and ms14 had the latest effect on microsporogenesis in that microspores developed until the microspore mitosis stage. Other male-sterile mutants seemed to have similar expressions when compared with each other. Mutants ms2 and ms7 both lacked significant microspore wall formation at the time of microspore collapse. Mutants ms10 and ms13 were similar in that the microspore wall developed to approximately one-half the normal thickness before microspore collapse. A unique feature of ms1 was the occurrence of an abnormally thickened microspore wall. Almost complete microspore wall development occurred in ms12 plants despite nuclear degradation. Mutant ms6 was cytologically and genetically similar to polymitotic (po). Mutant ms17 had variable expression that most notably affected spindle formation. These observations may be useful in utilizing genetic male sterility in maize hybrid seed production schemes.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Fine Mapping of a Spontaneously Mutated Male Sterility Gene in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318
Author(s):  
Tzu-Kai Lin ◽  
Ya-Ping Lin ◽  
Shun-Fu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterility Gene ◽  
Intron 4 ◽  
Male Sterility Gene

Male sterility has been widely used in hybrid seed production in Brassica, but not in B. rapa ssp. chinensis, and genetic models of male sterility for this subspecies are unclear. We discovered a spontaneous mutant in B. rapa ssp. chinensis. A series of progeny tests indicated that male sterility in B. rapa ssp. chinensis follows a three-allele model with BrMsa, BrMsb, and BrMsc. The male sterility locus has been mapped to chromosome A07 in BC1 and F2 populations through genotyping by sequencing. Fine mapping in a total of 1,590 F2 plants narrowed the male sterility gene BrMs to a 400 kb region, with two SNP markers only 0.3 cM from the gene. Comparative gene mapping shows that the Ms gene in B. rapa ssp. pekinensis is different from the BrMs gene of B. rapa ssp. chinensis, despite that both genes are located on chromosome A07. Interestingly, the DNA sequence orthologous to a male sterile gene in Brassica napus, BnRf, is within 400 kb of the BrMs locus. The BnRf orthologs of B. rapa ssp. chinensis were sequenced, and one KASP marker (BrMs_indel) was developed for genotyping based on a 14 bp indel at intron 4. Cosegregation of male sterility and BrMs_indel genotypes in the F2 population indicated that BnRf from B. napus and BrMs from B. rapa are likely to be orthologs. The BrMs_indel marker developed in this study will be useful in marker-assisted selection for the male sterility trait.

VARIATION IN THE DIFFERENTIAL LEAF ABSORPTION OF A HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PHOSPHATE BY PLANTS OF DIFFERING CYTOPLASMS OF THREE CORN (ZEA MAYS) INBREDS

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Barèl ◽  
Peter A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The absorption of foliarly applied tripolyphosphate is significantly greater in two different cytoplasmically male-sterile lines (Tcms and Ccms) of Zea mays L. than in isolines having normal (N) cytoplasm. A third cytoplasmic male-sterile (Scms) does not differ from the normal isoline in its absorption of foliarly applied tripolyphosphate. In none of the three comparisons of each of the cytoplasmic male-sterile lines and its normal isoline is there a difference in orthophosphate absorption, nor do any of the lines show a difference in the translocation of either source of phosphorus (P) inside the plant 10 days after application. The differential uptake of the large molecular P compound is not a property of all cytoplasmic male steriles, indicating that all cytoplasmic male steriles, do not have similar membrane permeability properties. Differences were found in the rate of absorption among lines for foliarly applied phosphates.

Chromosomal Differentiation Among Ecotypes of Phalaris aquatica L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Putievsky ◽  
RN Oram ◽  
K Malafant
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Meiotic Irregularities ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Chromosomal Differentiation ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
F2 Progeny

Seventy-two hybrids of P. aquatica were made among 13 diverse Mediterranean ecotypes and cv. Australian, and five indicators of hybrid abnormality were measured in the first two generations. The proportions of stainable, apparently normal pollen grains formed by F, hybrids varied between 5 and 98% and their spikelet fertility ranged from 19 to 77%. Of the 43 hybrids that were derived from pairs of self-incompatible parents, 13 were highly self-compatible. Crosses between lines from different groups of parents produced F2 progeny containing up to 17% of lethal seedlings and up to 39% of male sterile plants. In the cross between cv. Australian and the Moroccan ecotype, CPI 19331: the frequency ofzebra-striped lethal seedlings was as high as 33% in F2 progenies, but only 0 or 1% in back-crosses to either parent. Hence the zebra-striped phenotype was not caused by a mutation existing in the parents but rather by deletions or duplications generated during meiosis in the F1 hybrids. Many meiotic irregularities were observed in the pollen mother cells of the F1 and F2 hybrids between cv. Australian and CPI 19331. These included small loops, acentric fragments, univalents and multivalents at diakinesis, and bridges at anaphase I, indicating that the genomes of these two lines differed by several inversions and interchanges. These structural differences would lead to a range of duplications and deficiencies in the gametes. and hence could account for each of the five kinds of hybrid abnormality observed in the F1 and F2 generations. One aneuploid F2 plant with 25 chromosomes was found. A dihaploid plant in cv. Australian had an average of 4.3 bivalents per pollen mother cell, whereas virtually all chromosomes in the tetraploid parental lines paired as bivalents. Thus, P. aquatica is a segmental allotetraploid with a system which prevents homoeologous pairing in tetraploids but not in dihaploids. The partial barriers to hybridization between P. aquatica lines are not closely related to their geographic origins or varietal classifications. These barriers may hinder but have not prevented the recombination of parental traits during the development of improved cultivars.

STEM MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY IN ZEA MAYS AS INFLUENCED BY CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERDLITY AND RESTORER GENES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA SARVELLA ◽  
C. O. GROGAN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Restorer Genes

The stem morphology of three versions (normal, male-sterile, and restored) of five lines of corn (Zea mays L.) was examined. Corn stems in both the male-sterile (Texas cytoplasm) and restored versions of line Mp466 were shorter than the normal version. Stem diameters were less in the male-sterile version in two of the five lines examined. Histological examination of the three versions in line CI21 showed that vascular bundle radial diameters in cross sections were less in the male-sterile tassel culms than the normal. Reduction in the amount of phloem appeared to be the cause. Cells in longitudinal sections appeared to be about the same length in all versions, or shorter in the normal; therefore, shortening of the male-sterile stems apparently results from a reduction in cell number.

Interspecific Hybridization in Sunflowers: an Illustration of the Importance of Wild Genetic Resources in Plant Breeding

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Laferrière
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Future Potential

This article reviews past successes and future potential of the use of interspecific hybrids in the breeding of cultivated Helianthus annuus, with emphasis on the necessity for conservation of non-cultivated germplasm. The topics discussed include resistance to diseases and other pests; the development of male-sterile lines for hybrid seed production; introduction of genes for various agronomic traits, such as drought resistance and cold tolerance; and attempts to change the chemical composition of the harvested crop.

scholarly journals T-URF 13 Protein from Mitochondria of Texas Male-Sterile Maize (Zea mays L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Hack ◽  
Chentao Lin ◽  
Hongyun Yang ◽  
Harry T. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Male Sterile

Low temperature induced male sterility in Sorghum bicolor

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Downes ◽  
DR Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

Male sterility was induced in sorghum by exposing plants to a temperature regime of 18/13�C (day-night temperatures) during meiosis in the pollen mother cells. This normally occurs at the time the last (flag) leaf is emerging and elongating. The majority of genotypes examined were rendered completely male sterile by the low temperature regime. However, some genotypes retained a low degree of pollen fertility. The low temperatures appeared to have little, if any, effect on female fertility. The available evidence indicates that it is the night temperature, rather than the mean temperature, which is critical for the induction of pollen sterility. The potential uses of this method of inducing male sterility in plant breeding and genetics programs are briefly discussed.

A natural first-generation hybrid between Rorippa barbareaefolia and R. islandica

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079-1081
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Mulligan ◽  
A. E. Porsild
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Generation Hybrid

All the seeds taken from a fruiting specimen of Rorippa barbareaefolia (2n = 16) growing in the Yukon Territory produced plants with 24 somatic chromosomes. These plants were first-generation hybrids between R. barbareaefolia (2n = 16) and R. islandica (2n = 23). The female parent, R. barbareaefolia, was male sterile. Pairing configurations in pollen mother cells of these first generation hybrids suggested that the male parent, R. islandica, was autotetraploid.

Effects of production factors on germination responses of carrot seeds to temperature and oxygen

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Corbineau ◽  
M. A. Picard ◽  
A. Bonnet ◽  
D. Côme
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Oxygen Deprivation ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
The Mean

AbstractVarious sources of germination heterogeneity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds were investigated: germination conditions (temperature, oxygen tension), size of seeds, position of the umbels on the mother plants, and pollination conditions of male-sterile plants in hybrid seed production. All seeds tested germinated over a large range of temperatures (5–35°C). However, low temperatures (5–10°C) and temperatures above 30°C reduced germination. Seeds were also sensitive to oxygen deprivation, but their sensitivity to hypoxia depended on the cultivar. The germination responses of seeds to temperature and oxygen depended on their size, particularly at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures. The largest seeds (1.8–2.1 mm) of commercial lots usually germinated better at 5°C and were more sensitive to oxygen deprivation than the smallest ones (1.2–1.8 mm). Experiments performed with open pollinated plants showed that seeds produced by umbels of first and second orders germinated faster and at higher percentages than those collected on third-order umbels. Evidence for the involvement of pollination conditions in the germination quality of carrot seeds was given by pollination by honey bees of male-sterile plants cultivated at various distances from the pollen donors. The longer the distance of the mother plants from the pollinating plants, the lower the seed yield, the heavier the mean seed weight, the more difficult the germination of seeds, and the higher their sensitivity to oxygen deprivation.

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