Low temperature induced male sterility in Sorghum bicolor

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Downes ◽  
DR Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

Male sterility was induced in sorghum by exposing plants to a temperature regime of 18/13�C (day-night temperatures) during meiosis in the pollen mother cells. This normally occurs at the time the last (flag) leaf is emerging and elongating. The majority of genotypes examined were rendered completely male sterile by the low temperature regime. However, some genotypes retained a low degree of pollen fertility. The low temperatures appeared to have little, if any, effect on female fertility. The available evidence indicates that it is the night temperature, rather than the mean temperature, which is critical for the induction of pollen sterility. The potential uses of this method of inducing male sterility in plant breeding and genetics programs are briefly discussed.

Cytoplasmic male sterility in Desmodium

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genetic Stocks

A type of male sterility found in two Desmodium plants of probably interspecific hybrid origin was cytoplasmically inherited. The cytoplasmic male-sterile character was incorporated in the tropical legume Desmodium sandwicense by backcrossing. In this genetic background pollen sterility was complete. The male-sterile character was not graft-transmissible, and it produced no detectable pleiotropic effects on growth and development. Desmodium intortum gave restoration of pollen fertility in Fl hybrids with male-sterile lines of D. sandwicense. Restored F1 hybrids produced apparently normal pollen, but tests of functional ability of the pollen disclosed that pollen fertility was less than that of Fl hybrids with normal cytoplasm. Incomplete restoration of fertility was not due to heterozygosity of fertility-restoring genes with gametophytic expression, since fertility-restoring genes were shown to act sporophytically. The results established the occurrence in the legume Desmodium of a system of determination of the male-sterile, fertility-restored phenotypes that is similar to the cytoplasmic male sterility systems described in many other angiosperm plants. A scheme utilizing the genetic stocks produced in this study for commercial production of the interspecific hybrid D. sandwicense x D. intortum as a cultivar is presented.

scholarly journals The framework of lncRNAs and genes at early pollen developmental stage in a PTGMS wheat line

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-fang Bai ◽  
Zi-han Liu ◽  
Yu-kun Wang ◽  
Hao-yu Guo ◽  
Li-Ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Wheat Line ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractWheat photo-thermosensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line is a vital material in the two-line hybrid wheat breeding system in which functional pollen production is highly associated with temperature during early developmental stage. Understanding the potential mechanism of pollen infertility induced by low temperature in PTGMS wheat is crucial for the effective utilization of genetic resources to guide wheat breeding. Herein, we combined full-length single-molecular sequencing and Illumina short reads sequencing data to obtain the high-resolution spatio-temporal transcriptome map of pollen under low temperature stress at mother cell, dyad and tetrad stages in PTGMS line BS366. Cytological descriptions and whole transcriptome analysis revealed a global landscape of low temperature altered pollen fertility transformation via regulating the transcriptional patterns of cytoskeleton-related lncRNAs and their target genes, which involved in the calcium signaling and vesicle trafficking pathways on cytoskeleton homeostasis at different stages of meiosis. Overall, our results provided the transcriptional and cytological evidences for understanding the low temperature-induced pollen sterility deficiency in PTGMS wheat line.

Male sterility induction of sorghum using chemical hybridizing agent TFMSA, trifluoromethanesulfonamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Hodnett ◽  
William L. Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Genetic Male Sterility ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Chemical Hybridizing Agent

In sorghum, male sterility has been induced mainly using mechanical and genetic means with minimal use of chemical methods. Mechanical sterility induction is limited to producing small quantities of seed and genetic male sterility is limited to specific germplasm. An effective chemical hybridizing agent could be used to produce large amounts of seed and would not be limited by genotypes. The chemical trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFMSA) was evaluated as a male gametocide in sorghum. In greenhouse conditions, TFMSA induced varying degrees of male sterility contingent on the dosage, timing of application, and sorghum genotype. If applied at or after the flag leaf emergence, panicles were male fertile but male sterile when applied at least 2 d before the flag leaf emerged. In terms of dosage, 2 mg of TFMSA rendered a BTx623 male sterile if applied 2–6 d prior to flag leaf emergence. However, 30 mg of TFMSA applied as much as 34 d before the flag leaf emerged also induced complete sterility of the panicle. There may be a genotypic effect as less TFMSA was necessary to induce complete male sterility in BTx623 than in BTxArg-1. No phytotoxic effects or reductions in female fertility were observed in dosages of TFMSA up to 40 mg. Germination of hybrid seed made on treated plants was equal to that of the parents and the hybrid seedlings were phenotypically normal. The results indicate that male sterility can be induced effectively in sorghum using TFMSA at appropriate dosages and application timings.

Male sterility in field beans (Vicia faba L.). II. Yield trials of F1 hybrid winter beans produced with the aid of male sterility

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Bond ◽  
J. L. Fyfe ◽  
Gillian Toynbee-Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Field Beans

1. F1 hybrids between inbred lines of winter beans were obtained by roguing male-fertile plants from segregating progenies of a genetic male-sterile line which had been interplanted with a pollinator.2. In a series of trials the mean yields of many hybrids were significantly higher than those of open-pollinated varieties. Over the 4 years, 1959–62, with trials at three centres in each year, the mean advantages of all hybrids over the two control varieties was 6·4 cwt./acre over Gartons S.Q., 4·7 cwt./acre over Throws M.S.

scholarly journals Elucidating mitochondrial DNA-markers of Ogura-based CMS linesin Indian cauliflowers (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and their floral abnormalities due to diversity in cyto-nuclear interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Reeta Bhatia ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Tusar K. Behera ◽  
Khushboo Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Background: Mitochondrial markers can be used to differentiate diverse mitotypes as well as cytoplasms in angiosperms. In cauliflower, cultivation of hybrids is pivotal in remunerative agriculture and cytoplasmic male sterile lines constitute an important component of the hybrid breeding. Thus, the breeders look for utilizing diverse male sterile cytoplasms in hybrid progamme. In diversifying source of male sterility,it is essential to appropriately differentiate among the available male sterile cytoplasms in cauliflower.PCR polymorphism atthe key mitochondrial genes associated with male sterility will be useful in developing mitochondria specific markers for the different male sterile cytoplasms. Also, the auto and alloplasmic cytonuclear combinations result in complex floral abnormalities.Thus, the study aimed at developing mitotype specific markers of the sterile cytoplasms and to unravel thegenetic effects of the cytonuclear interactions on flower morphology in Indian cauliflowers.Results: In PCR based analysis using a set of primers targeted to orf-138, 76 Indian cauliflower lines showed presence of Ogura cytoplasm though amplicons showed polymorphism within the ofr-138 sequence. The polymorphic loci were found to be spanning over 200-280 bp and 410-470bp genomic regions of BnTR4 and orf125, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that such cytoplasmic genetic variations could be due to single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion or deletions of31/51 nucleotides.The cytoplasmic effects on varying nuclear-genetic backgrounds led to varying degree of floral malformations ranging from reduction in flower size, stamens and style length, modification in position of styleand anthers, absence of non-functional stamens to other floral abnormalities. These floral malformations caused dysplasia of flower structure affecting female fertility and inefficient nectar production.Conclusions: The mitochondria specific markers can distinguish ogurabased male sterile cytoplasm. Large number of Indian cauliflower lines showed mitotype variations even within the ogura based cytoplasm. Variable nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions resulted into diverse type of floral malformationsin addition to pollen sterility even within the group of ogura based CMS lines. The finding provide important reference ameliorate understanding of mechanism of cytonuclear interactions in floral organ development in Brassicas. The study will help the breeders in selecting CMS lines without any floral abnormalities in B. oleracea.

Male Sterility in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Induced by Low Night Temperature. I. Timing of the Stage of Sensitivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Brooking
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Pollen Maturation ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Microspore Stage

Male sterility was induced in grain sorghum (CK 60 × Tx 415) by exposure of plants to five low- temperature nights (25°C day/ 10°C night). Sensitivity was greatest at the late archesporial cell- pollen mother cell development period, up to the leptotene stage of meiosis. Female fertility was unaffected. For a complete inflorescence, the period of sensitivity extended from flag leaf ligule emergence until the flag sheath had elongated to about 20 cm, a period of 6-7 days under 25°C day/ 20°C night conditions. Pollen development proceeded in an apparently normal manner following low temperature treatment, but was arrested just prior to maturation at the vacuolate two-celled microspore stage. Sterile pollen at anthesis was devoid of starch and had low levels of free proline. Assays of anther proline levels proved to give a reliable index of pollen maturation.

Male sterility in Brassica napus L. associated with an extra chromosome

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fan ◽  
W. Tai ◽  
B. R. Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Mother Cells

Male sterility was investigated in backcross populations from hybrids between Diplotaxis muralis and Brassica napus using the former as the female parent. The F1 was male sterile and low frequencies (less than 20%) of male sterile plants were obtained from subsequent backcross generations. The data did not fit any Mendelian genetic ratios. Cytological examination of pollen mother cells from 52 plants of these backcross populations indicated the presence of an extra chromosome in all 22 male sterile plants and the normal chromosome number (2n = 38) in the remaining 30 fertile plants. Thus an extra chromosome which is derived from Diplotaxis muralis appears to be the sole cause of male sterility in these backcross populations.Key words: male sterility, Brassica napus, Diplotaxis muralis.

Inheritance of thermo-photoperiod sensitive male sterility in wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Xing Guo ◽  
Dong-Fa Sun ◽  
Xun-Dong Cheng ◽  
De-Fu Rong ◽  
Chengdao Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Recessive Genes

The fertility of a wheat male sterile line 337S was investigated in 4 consecutive years with 18 different sowing dates. Line 337S showed high sterility under both short daylength/low temperature and long daylength/high temperature during ear development. It has 2 time windows to be used as a male sterile line for hybrid seed production. Its fertility rate can be >50% with suitable sowing time; thus, it can be self-maintained as a male sterile line. Line 337S was reciprocally crossed with 7 common wheat varieties and the fertility of their F1, F2, and BC1 hybrids was investigated at different sowing dates. The results showed that recessive nuclear genes controlled male sterility in 337S and no cytoplasmic effect was observed. All common wheat varieties were able to restore its fertility. The male sterility was controlled by a pair of recessive genes under short daylength/low temperature, but was governed by 2 pairs of recessive genes under long daylength/high temperature. This novel male sterile line provides a new tool for using heterosis in wheat.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the efficacy of selected gametocide agents in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)

2021 ◽  
pp. 816-820
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Yahaya ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Isack Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A new generation of chemical hybridization agents (CHAs) or gametocides has shown potential to induce male sterility in predominantly self-fertilizing crops, including sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). There is a lack of information on the relative efficacy of the various available CHAs for large-scale application in plant breeding programs. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the relative effectiveness of three selected CHAs to induce male sterility in sorghum under a controlled environment for hybridization. Foliar applications of three CHAs and a control (ethrel, trifluoromethanesulfonamide [TFMSA], ethyl 4-fluorooxanilate [E4FO] and distilled water [control]) were tested using three grain sorghum genotypes (ICS-1, ICS-2 and ICS-3) in two seasons. The 24 treatment combinations consisting of 4 levels of CHAs, 3 sorghum varieties and two seasons were laid out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on pollen sterility, pollen diameter, plant height, and panicle height were collected and analyzed. Results showed that the CHAs had significant (p<0.05) differences for efficacy of inducing male sterility in sorghum. Ethrel at a dose of 1 gl-1 induced the highest pollen sterility (98% in both seasons) but was highly phytotoxic with at least 60% mortality in the test population in both seasons, making it unsuitable for practical application. TFMSA (2 mg per plant) and E4FO (1 gl-1) d induced 93% male sterility with minimal phytotoxic effects (20 to 30%). Application of either TFMSA at 2mg per plant after flag leaf emergence or 1gl-1 of E4FO at panicle initiation can be used to successfully induce male sterility in sorghum under greenhouse conditions

Cytological and ultra-structural study on microsporogenesis of cytoplasmic male sterility in Raphanus sativus

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwang Liu ◽  
Hao Huang ◽  
Yiqin Gong ◽  
Chongshun Chen ◽  
Longzhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Structural Study ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Irregular Structure ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Pollen Sacs

AbstractThe cytological development of microspores and tapetum in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line A14 and its maintainer B14 in radish were studied using light- and transmission electron microscopy (LM and TEM). The microspores of the CMS line began to abort soon after they were released from tetrads in pollen sacs with light microscopy investigation, while abnormal behavior of pollen mother cells (PMC) were observed during its meiotic stage in its ultra-structural study, including degeneration of organelles and irregularity of nuclear membrane. At the same time, development of tapetal cells was similar to that of the maintainer. With further development of the anther, the tapetal cells of CMS line showed an abnormal increase in size and other appearances, such as fewer organelles and indistinct cytoplasm. The microspores of the CMS line were always distinguishable from the maintainer line with irregular structure, more osphilic deposits and abnormal exine. It is inferred that abortion of microspores is attributed to mutation of genes controlling male sterility, which further leads to hypertrophy of tapetum and destruction of ultra-structure.

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