DIALLEL AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF TALL FESCUE (FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA) REGROWTH UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sleper ◽  
C. J. Nelson ◽  
K. H. Asay
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Relationships among leaf elongation rate, leaf width, leaf area expansion rate, number of tillers/plant, and net CO2 exchange (NCE) with total forage yield/plant of tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., were studied in a controlled environmental chamber. Among progeny of a 6 × 6 diallel, number of tillers/plant was correlated highly significantly (1% level) with total forage yield/plant (r = 0.697). Path coefficient analyses showed that both tillers/plant and yield/tiller had large positive direct effects on total yield/plant. Utilizing a diallel analysis it was found that additive genetic effects were most important for all traits except for NCE. Progenies did not differ significantly for NCE. Nonadditive genetic effects, although of less magnitude than additive effects, were also found to be important for number of tillers/plant and yield/tiller. Highest broad sense heritabilities were found for number of tillers/plant, yield/tiller, and yield/plant with values of 69, 66, and 66%, respectively

Effects of lucerne genotype on morphology, biomass production and nitrogen content of lucerne and tall fescue in mixed pastures

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Maamouri ◽  
Gaëtan Louarn ◽  
François Gastal ◽  
Vincent Béguier ◽  
Bernadette Julier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Reasonable Proportion ◽  
Protein Rich

Cultivation of legume–grass mixtures ensures a high, protein-rich forage yield with no nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The maintenance of a reasonable proportion of each species over time may depend on the variety. In mixtures of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and grass, the effect of genetic variation on biomass and N accumulation is little described. We analysed how lucerne genetic variation affects agronomic traits. The experiment included 46 lucerne and two tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genotypes tested in microplots of three lucerne and four fescue clones, evaluating biomass production, plant height, stem number and N content in eight cuts in 2011 and 2012. There was a wide genetic variation among lucerne genotypes but no significant statistical interaction between lucerne and fescue genotypes. This suggests that agronomic value of lucerne genotypes for mixtures can be evaluated with any grass genotype. On average, the grass plants grown with highly productive lucerne genotypes had an increased leaf elongation and N status but a reduced tiller number, which could limit their persistence. This is the first observation that the choice of lucerne genotype determines morphology, biomass production and N absorption of both lucerne and tall fescue grown in mixture.

The inheritance of flowering time in Trifolium subterraneum L

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Davern ◽  
JW Peak ◽  
FHW Morley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Breeding Behaviour ◽  
Variable Factor ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

The inheritance of flowering time in subterranean clover, using a number of strains and hybrids among them, was investigated on autumn-sown material at Canberra. Heterosis and dominance were not found, and genetic variation was polygenic. An F1 diallel analysis and F2 two-way analysis showed that approximately 90 per cent. of the total variance was attributable to additive genetic effects. An estimate of the repeatability of strain performance over two seasons showed that small but significant strain-year interactions were occurring. Strain repeatability, as measured by intraclass correlation, was 86 per cent. A breeding test involving F2 selections and their progeny gave a mean parent-offspring regression of 0.86 over the six crosses studied, which is well in accord with expectations of breeding behaviour based on the above analyses. The results are discussed in relation to other studies on flowering time, especially with reference to the problem of interpreting results based on the threshold expression of a character dependent on the value of a continuously variable factor.

Yield and nutritive value of irrigated tall fescue compared with orchardgrass: In monocultures or mixed with alfalfa

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Thompson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Schedonorus Phoenix

Thompson, D. J. 2013. Yield and nutritive value of irrigated tall fescue compared with orchardgrass: in monocultures or mixed with alfalfa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 799–807. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is commonly grown for irrigated forage production in interior British Columbia. Tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Schop.) Holub.] is also adapted to the area but no comparative trials have been reported. Three varieties of each grass species were grown in monocultures or in mixtures with alfalfa at three irrigated sites throughout southern interior British Columbia. Study objectives included comparing the forage yield and nutritive value of the following groups: (1) tall fescue and orchardgrass monocultures, (2) tall fescue and orchardgrass mixtures with alfalfa and (3) grass-alfalfa mixtures with monocultures. In monoculture, tall fescue yield was 9% greater than orchardgrass (significantly greater yield at 3 of 6 site-years), though forage nutritive values were similar. Mixtures of the two grasses with alfalfa had similar yields, but those containing tall fescue had superior nutritive value. Alfalfa contributed a greater percentage to total yield and had higher survival when mixed with tall fescue. Tall fescue is a viable alternative to orchardgrass for irrigated forage production in monoculture and may be more suitable for mixtures with alfalfa. Our findings demonstrate a functional diversity effect; grass-alfalfa mixtures over-yielded the mean of the alfalfa, orchardgrass, and tall fescue monocultures by 12%.

Influence of Herbicides on Direct-Seeding Establishment of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) into Grass Sods

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Linscott ◽  
Richard H. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Direct Seeded

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.) was direct-seeded into five different grass sods after treatment with dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid), glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at varying rates for vegetation control. During establishment, the stands of birdsfoot trefoil were acceptable in all treated- and untreated-sod grass sods except 1 yr in untreated tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.) and timothy (Phleum pratensisL.) and 1 yr in tall fescue receiving 3 kg/ha of dalapon. Herbicide treatments resulted in a more rapid development of a significant legume component in the sward and an increase in forage yield over the untreated plots. Minimum herbicide application rates for best return for grass sod control were 0.5, 1, and 5 kg/ha respectively for paraquat, glyphosate, and dalapon.

Carbon isotope discrimination of tall fescue cultivars across an irrigation gradient

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Jensen ◽  
Kay H. Asay ◽  
Douglas A. Johnson ◽  
Blair L. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as an indirect criterion for evaluating water-use efficiency; however, limited information is available regarding the relationship between and dry matter yield (DMY) at different levels of irrigation. Ten cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were established in the field under a line-source irrigation system and defoliated five to six times per growing season. Objectives of our 2-yr study were to evaluate: (i) trends in Δ across a gradient of four water levels (WL-2, wettest to WL-5, driest) at a mid-summer harvest, (ii) the consistency among grass cultivars at one WL across two harvest dates, and (iii) relationships between Δ and DMY within and across water levels. Consistent and significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among cultivars for Δ when evaluated at WL-2 for Harvests 2 and 4 in successive years. Cultivars also differed significantly for Δ (P < 0.01) across four water levels when evaluated at Harvest 4. Relative differences among cultivars were consistent across water levels and between harvest dates. Although a curvilinear trend was evident for some cultivars, mean Δ values decreased in a near linear manner from WL-2 to WL-5. Based on orthogonal polynomials, the mean trend across water levels was partitioned as 95% linear and 5% quadratic. Correlations between Δ and DMY were nonsignificant at the higher water levels (WL-2 and 3), but correlations were positive at the lower water levels (WL-4 and 5). We conclude that under lower water levels, selection for low Δ in tall fescue cultivars will likely lead to decreased forage yield. Key words: Festuca arundinacea, forage yield, water-use efficiency, line source, delta

Application of GGE biplot to analyse stability of Iranian tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Dehghani ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
G. Saeidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi ◽  
R. Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Lolium Arundinaceum ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Moisture Conditions

This research was carried out to determine stable genotypes and investigate genotype × environment interaction (GE) effects on the forage yields of 24 tall fescue genotypes (Lolium arundinaceum, syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) across 14 test environments (combination of year, location and moisture conditions). The GGE biplot method was used to evaluate the phenotypic stability of forage yield in the studied genotypes. The GGE biplot analysis accounted for 75% of the G + GE variation. According to GGE biplot, in terms of performance, the genotypes were divided into two groups. The first group, with more than the average yield, included G20, G24, G04, G01, G22, G14, G10, G17 and G02. The second group included the remaining genotypes with below-average performance. From the seven foreign genotypes evaluated, G10 and G22 fell in the first group and the rest were clustered in the second group. In the first group, the performance of G24 (from Semnan province) was the most variable (the least stable), whereas the G20 and G14 (both from Isfahan province) were highly stable. In the second group, except for G08 and G16, the performance of genotypes was highly stable. The genotype G20 (from Isfahan province) had superior performance under all of the test environments, suggesting that it has a broad adaptation to the diverse environments. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the efficiency of the GGE biplot technique for selecting genotypes that are stable, high yielding, and responsive.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis of High Carotenoid Content in Cucumbers

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Navazio ◽  
Philipp W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Derivatives Of

Three orange-mesocarp derivatives of the xishuangbannan cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan), P100, P101, and P104; and NPI (P105), an unrelated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) reported to have orange flesh, were selected as parents for a diallel experiment to evaluate inheritance of orange cucumber mesocarp pigment over 3 years. Visual color intensity and carotenoid content were closely related. A preponderance of additive genetic effects for cucumber mesocarp pigmentation was observed in grade size 2 fruit (immature fruit used for pickling). Both additive and nonadditive genetic effects were important in grade size 4 fruit (mature). Years and yea× genotype interactions were highly significant for pigmentation of size 2 fruit, indicating the importance of environment on the expression of pigmentation in this size class. In contrast, color development was stable among years for size 4 fruit. P104 exhibited high general combining ability (GCA) estimates for size 4 fruit pigmentation across years, while P101 had high GCA estimates for size 2 fruit. The diallel analysis illustrated high fruit carotene content of parents per se. However, most hybrid combinations of the diallel reduced carotenoid content relative to parents, indicating both dominance for low carotenoid content for both fruit sizes and lack of genetic complementation among parents to enhance fruit color. Genetic control of pigmentation in size 2 fruit appeared to be independent of that for size 4 fruit.

scholarly journals Additive and non-additive genetic effects for fruit traits of ornamental pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Angela Maria dos S Pessoa ◽  
Elizanilda R do Rêgo ◽  
Maílson M do Rêgo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fixed Model ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Pepper plants can be used as ornamental ones due to the contrasting traits of plants, flowers, and especially fruits. This variability can be exploited in genetic improvement programs aiming at identifying superior genotypes and obtaining hybrids. This work aimed to select parental and hybrid individuals through diallel analysis for fruit traits in Capsicum annuum. Seven pepper genotypes were crossed, and eleven fruit-related quantitative traits were evaluated. The data were subjected to diallel analysis using Griffing’s Method 1 (fixed model). There was a predominance of additive genetic effects on the fruit traits of ornamental pepper plants. Genotypes UFPB77.3 and UFPB390 are indicated as parents for the improvement of ornamental pepper plants, for fruit traits. Hybrids UFPB77.3 x UFPB099, UFPB390 x UFPB77.3, UFPB390 x UFPB001, UFPB390 x UFPB099, UFPB134 x UFPB77.3, and UFPB134 x UFPB390 present a potential for the production of hybrids and generation of segregating populations of ornamental peppers.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis of Floral Longevity in Impatiens walleriana

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Howard ◽  
Dennis Stimart ◽  
Natalia de Leon ◽  
Michael J. Havey ◽  
William Martin
Keyword(s):  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Half Diallel

Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) are currently among the most valuable and widely cultivated floriculture crops in the world. Attractive floral display is a primary goal for breeders of impatiens. Although breeders have selected for this trait, little consideration has been given to floral longevity as a means to increase the floral display of bedding crops. In this study, 259 commercial inbred lines of impatiens were grown in a greenhouse and evaluated for floral longevity as defined by the time between when a flower was completely open to when all of the petals abscised from the pedicle. Mean floral longevity of inbreds ranged from 3.3 ± 0.4 to 15.8 ± 2.5 days. Twelve inbreds (six with long floral longevity and six with short floral longevity) were chosen and crossed in a half diallel to create 66 hybrids that were analyzed for floral longevity in three greenhouse environments. Mean floral longevity of hybrids across greenhouse environments ranged from 2.8 ± 0.4 to 14.1 ± 2.8 days. Significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for floral longevity were detected. GCA mean squares were 37 times larger than SCA mean squares, revealing that additive genetic effects play a more important role in the inheritance of floral longevity in impatiens. This information, coupled with the significant amount of variation for floral longevity among inbreds, indicates that there is good potential for breeding for floral longevity in impatiens to improve the floral display of hybrids.

Environmental and genetic effects upon reproductive growth in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Short Days

SUMMARYThe environmental and genetic control of reproductive growth was studied in S. 170 a variety of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. The variety had induction requirements for short days and low temperatures before inflorescence production could occur, but some genotypes became induced with only short-day treatments. Low temperatures and short days in controlled environment rooms were less effective in bringing about induction than winter conditions in an unheated glasshouse. Only non-additive genetic effects could be shown to be significant in the control of induction requirements. Field studies showed that all inflorescence characters were subject to genetic and genetic x environmental control, and they also indicated that seed weight per inflorescence and seed fertility were most likely to show a response to selection. Diallel analysis under glasshouse conditions showed that the seed fertility and 1000 seed weight of the parental crosses were subject to maternal control, but these effects were not detectable in the next generation. Genetic control of seed fertility and 1000 seed weight in the diallel progeny was mainly additive.

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