Effects of lucerne genotype on morphology, biomass production and nitrogen content of lucerne and tall fescue in mixed pastures

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Maamouri ◽  
Gaëtan Louarn ◽  
François Gastal ◽  
Vincent Béguier ◽  
Bernadette Julier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Reasonable Proportion ◽  
Protein Rich

Cultivation of legume–grass mixtures ensures a high, protein-rich forage yield with no nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The maintenance of a reasonable proportion of each species over time may depend on the variety. In mixtures of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and grass, the effect of genetic variation on biomass and N accumulation is little described. We analysed how lucerne genetic variation affects agronomic traits. The experiment included 46 lucerne and two tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genotypes tested in microplots of three lucerne and four fescue clones, evaluating biomass production, plant height, stem number and N content in eight cuts in 2011 and 2012. There was a wide genetic variation among lucerne genotypes but no significant statistical interaction between lucerne and fescue genotypes. This suggests that agronomic value of lucerne genotypes for mixtures can be evaluated with any grass genotype. On average, the grass plants grown with highly productive lucerne genotypes had an increased leaf elongation and N status but a reduced tiller number, which could limit their persistence. This is the first observation that the choice of lucerne genotype determines morphology, biomass production and N absorption of both lucerne and tall fescue grown in mixture.

scholarly journals Association Analysis of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers with Agronomic Traits in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0133054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Lou ◽  
Longxing Hu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence

GENETIC VARIATION AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) GERMPLASM

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. A. de ARAUJO ◽  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
M. A. FARIS ◽  
C. WROBEL
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

Sixty-seven accessions of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were studied for total genetic variability and phenotypic and genotypic correlations among eight traits. The traits were annual dry matter yield, height, spreading ability, volume, first cut recovery, second cut recovery, incidence of diseases and number of days to heading. Highly significant differences existed among accessions for all characters. The ratios of genetic to phenotypic variances were relatively high in magnitude for most of the traits, except first cut recovery and disease score, indicating that most of the characters were mainly under genetic control. However, the ratios of genotype × year interactions to phenotypic variances were quite large for some characters, particularly second cut recovery. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were obtained between the different characters measured. Genotypic correlations were slightly higher than phenotypic correlations for most of the traits. Annual dry matter yield was significantly and positively correlated, with all traits measured with the exception of disease incidence where this association was negative. Selection for yield using heading date and height as an index may be possible in the development of superior tall fescue cultivars. Certain accessions appeared to have good yielding capacity, being superior to the check cultivar, Alta, in this character. These accessions were also as winterhardy as the check, and thus could prove useful as source material in a breeding program.Key words: Phenotypic correlation, genotypic correlation, genotype × year interactions

Genetic variation and heritability of forage yield in Mediterranean tall fescue

2007 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Piano ◽  
P. Annicchiarico ◽  
M. Romani ◽  
L. Pecetti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Forage Yield

Influence of Herbicides on Direct-Seeding Establishment of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) into Grass Sods

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Linscott ◽  
Richard H. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Direct Seeded

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.) was direct-seeded into five different grass sods after treatment with dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid), glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at varying rates for vegetation control. During establishment, the stands of birdsfoot trefoil were acceptable in all treated- and untreated-sod grass sods except 1 yr in untreated tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.) and timothy (Phleum pratensisL.) and 1 yr in tall fescue receiving 3 kg/ha of dalapon. Herbicide treatments resulted in a more rapid development of a significant legume component in the sward and an increase in forage yield over the untreated plots. Minimum herbicide application rates for best return for grass sod control were 0.5, 1, and 5 kg/ha respectively for paraquat, glyphosate, and dalapon.

Carbon isotope discrimination of tall fescue cultivars across an irrigation gradient

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Jensen ◽  
Kay H. Asay ◽  
Douglas A. Johnson ◽  
Blair L. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as an indirect criterion for evaluating water-use efficiency; however, limited information is available regarding the relationship between and dry matter yield (DMY) at different levels of irrigation. Ten cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were established in the field under a line-source irrigation system and defoliated five to six times per growing season. Objectives of our 2-yr study were to evaluate: (i) trends in Δ across a gradient of four water levels (WL-2, wettest to WL-5, driest) at a mid-summer harvest, (ii) the consistency among grass cultivars at one WL across two harvest dates, and (iii) relationships between Δ and DMY within and across water levels. Consistent and significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among cultivars for Δ when evaluated at WL-2 for Harvests 2 and 4 in successive years. Cultivars also differed significantly for Δ (P < 0.01) across four water levels when evaluated at Harvest 4. Relative differences among cultivars were consistent across water levels and between harvest dates. Although a curvilinear trend was evident for some cultivars, mean Δ values decreased in a near linear manner from WL-2 to WL-5. Based on orthogonal polynomials, the mean trend across water levels was partitioned as 95% linear and 5% quadratic. Correlations between Δ and DMY were nonsignificant at the higher water levels (WL-2 and 3), but correlations were positive at the lower water levels (WL-4 and 5). We conclude that under lower water levels, selection for low Δ in tall fescue cultivars will likely lead to decreased forage yield. Key words: Festuca arundinacea, forage yield, water-use efficiency, line source, delta

Application of GGE biplot to analyse stability of Iranian tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Dehghani ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
G. Saeidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi ◽  
R. Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Lolium Arundinaceum ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Moisture Conditions

This research was carried out to determine stable genotypes and investigate genotype × environment interaction (GE) effects on the forage yields of 24 tall fescue genotypes (Lolium arundinaceum, syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) across 14 test environments (combination of year, location and moisture conditions). The GGE biplot method was used to evaluate the phenotypic stability of forage yield in the studied genotypes. The GGE biplot analysis accounted for 75% of the G + GE variation. According to GGE biplot, in terms of performance, the genotypes were divided into two groups. The first group, with more than the average yield, included G20, G24, G04, G01, G22, G14, G10, G17 and G02. The second group included the remaining genotypes with below-average performance. From the seven foreign genotypes evaluated, G10 and G22 fell in the first group and the rest were clustered in the second group. In the first group, the performance of G24 (from Semnan province) was the most variable (the least stable), whereas the G20 and G14 (both from Isfahan province) were highly stable. In the second group, except for G08 and G16, the performance of genotypes was highly stable. The genotype G20 (from Isfahan province) had superior performance under all of the test environments, suggesting that it has a broad adaptation to the diverse environments. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the efficiency of the GGE biplot technique for selecting genotypes that are stable, high yielding, and responsive.

DIALLEL AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF TALL FESCUE (FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA) REGROWTH UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sleper ◽  
C. J. Nelson ◽  
K. H. Asay
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Relationships among leaf elongation rate, leaf width, leaf area expansion rate, number of tillers/plant, and net CO2 exchange (NCE) with total forage yield/plant of tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., were studied in a controlled environmental chamber. Among progeny of a 6 × 6 diallel, number of tillers/plant was correlated highly significantly (1% level) with total forage yield/plant (r = 0.697). Path coefficient analyses showed that both tillers/plant and yield/tiller had large positive direct effects on total yield/plant. Utilizing a diallel analysis it was found that additive genetic effects were most important for all traits except for NCE. Progenies did not differ significantly for NCE. Nonadditive genetic effects, although of less magnitude than additive effects, were also found to be important for number of tillers/plant and yield/tiller. Highest broad sense heritabilities were found for number of tillers/plant, yield/tiller, and yield/plant with values of 69, 66, and 66%, respectively

Seeding patterns and companion grasses affect total forage yield and components of binary red clover–grass mixtures

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Lafrenière ◽  
Raynald Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils

Lafrenière, C. and Drapeau, R. 2011. Seeding patterns and companion grasses affect total forage yield and components of binary red clover–grass mixtures. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 91–97. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the most popular seeded legume for forage production in northern Quebec and Ontario because of the poorly drained soils that prevail in these regions. The objective of this experiment was to determine which seeding patterns [mixed within a row (MR), single alternate rows (1+1), or double alternate rows (2+2)] and which companion grasses (smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis L.; tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.; or timothy, Phleum pratense L.), in association with red clover, were best for sustaining the total forage yield of a red clover–grass mixture and how these factors affect red clover and grass components. Test plots were established at Kapuskasing, ON, and Normandin, QC. At each site, two independent seedings were performed and harvested over 3 yr following the seeding year. Total dry matter (DM) yield and contribution of red clover grasses and weeds to total forage yield were measured. The MR pattern gave higher yield over both alternate seeding patterns by nearly 0.5 Mg DM ha−1 at the Normandin site and 1.0 Mg DM ha–1 at the Kapuskasing site. Neither the seeding pattern nor the companion grass species improved significantly the contribution of red clover to total forage yield beyond the second production year even though there were differences between sites. Environmental conditions, principally high precipitation in the fall, and maturity stage at harvest resulted in major differences between sites. Results from this experiment showed that tall fescue and orchardgrass could be good alternatives to timothy or bromegrass in association with red clover given that plots were still productive in the third production year and invasion by weeds was lower.

Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Moyer ◽  
Kenneth W. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Forage Yields

Four broadleaf herbicides and combinations were compared for two years with mefluidide, a growth regulator, for effects on ‘Ky 31’ and ‘Fawn’ tall fescue. Seedhead densities averaged 33% of the check with 8.4 g ai/ha of metsulfuron, 17% with 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyr, and 9% with 280 g ai/ha of mefluidide, while forage yields were reduced to about 40% of the check. Forage crude protein (CP) concentrations were increased by mefluidide, imazethapyr, and 8.4 g/ha of metsulfuron. Neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) of Ky 31 but not Fawn forage was reduced by mefluidide, imazethapyr, and metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, but Fawn NDF was increased by dicamba plus 2,4-D. In vitro dry matter digestibility was increased by metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, mefluidide, and imazethapyr in one of two years. Adding 2,4-D to metsulfuron reduced some effects of metsulfuron. Total CP/ha was no more adversely affected by imazethapyr and metsulfuron than mefluidide. Imazethapyr and metsulfuron can thus be used to control weeds without reducing fescue forage value.

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