INVITATION PAPER: THE INCIDENCE OF GENETIC DISEASE AND THE IMPACT ON MAN OF AN ALTERED MUTATION RATE

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Trimble ◽  
Martha E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genetic Risks ◽  
The Impact

In order to adequately assess the genetic risks to man of an altered mutation rate, it is necessary to know the naturally occurring frequency of mutation-maintained genetic ill-health and the burden that such defects impose. The relevant data that are available are largely inadequate to "determine the incidence of genetic disease that is maintained by mutation, and measures of various aspects of the social and personal burdens due to hereditary ill-health are almost wholly lacking. It is suggested that the creation of individual and family histories, using large scale automatic record linkage and existing files of vital and ill-health records, may be a useful approach to these kinds of problems. Using such linked individual health histories, new data are presented that relate to measures of the burden due to childhood dominant and recessive diseases and congenital malformations.

Private or Public Law Enforcement? The Case of Digital Anti-Piracy Policies with Illegal Non-Monitored Behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Darmon ◽  
Thomas Le Texier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public And Private Enforcement ◽  
The Impact

AbstractShould rights be publicly or privately enforced in the case of digital piracy? The emergence of large-scale anti-piracy laws and the existence of illegal non-monitored channels raise important issues for the design of anti-piracy policies. We study the impact of these demand-side policies in two enforcement settings (namely, public and private enforcement settings) with an outside adoption option for users of an illegal non-monitored channel. Our results show that public enforcement generates higher monitoring and lower price levels, and also higher legal welfare than private enforcement. However, we identify potential conflicts of interest between the legal seller and the social planner when the efficiency of the illegal non-monitored channel is low. Introducing supply-side policies, i.e. policies targeted to suppliers of illegal content, we find that they may have unexpected impacts and can damage legal welfare. We also identify situations in which the two policies are substitutes or complements.

scholarly journals Nitrogen isotopic signatures and fluxes of N2O in response to land-use change on naturally occurring saline–alkaline soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbindra Timilsina ◽  
Wenxu Dong ◽  
Jiafa Luo ◽  
Stuart Lindsey ◽  
Yuying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Artificial Ecosystems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Grassland

AbstractThe conversion of natural grassland to semi-natural or artificial ecosystems is a large-scale land-use change (LUC) commonly occurring to saline–alkaline land. Conversion of natural to artificial ecosystems, with addition of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer, influences N availability in the soil that may result in higher N2O emission along with depletion of 15N, while converting from natural to semi-natural the influence may be small. So, this study assesses the impact of LUC on N2O emission and 15N in N2O emitted from naturally occurring saline–alkaline soil when changing from natural grassland (Phragmites australis) to semi-natural [Tamarix chinensis (Tamarix)] and to cropland (Gossypium spp.). The grassland and Tamarix ecosystems were not subject to any management practice, while the cropland received fertilizer and irrigation. Overall, median N2O flux was significantly different among the ecosystems with the highest from the cropland (25.3 N2O-N µg m−2 h−1), intermediate (8.2 N2O-N µg m−2 h−1) from the Tamarix and the lowest (4.0 N2O-N µg m−2 h−1) from the grassland ecosystem. The 15N isotopic signatures in N2O emitted from the soil were also significantly affected by the LUC with more depleted from cropland (− 25.3 ‰) and less depleted from grassland (− 0.18 ‰). Our results suggested that the conversion of native saline–alkaline grassland with low N to Tamarix or cropland is likely to result in increased soil N2O emission and also contributes significantly to the depletion of the 15N in atmospheric N2O, and the contribution of anthropogenic N addition was found more significant than any other processes.

scholarly journals Visualising the Social Media Conversations of a National Information Technology Professional Association

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Stuart Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technology Professional ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
National Information ◽  
The Impact

Social media systems are important for professional associations (PAs), providing new ways for them to interact with their members and stakeholders. Evaluation of the impact of social media is not straightforward. Here text analytics, specifically multidimensional scaling visualisation, is proposed as an approach for the characterisation of the large scale ‘conversations' occurring between an information and communication technology PA and its stakeholders via the Twitter social media system. In the case presented, there was found to be a significant level of congruence between the corresponding visualisations of tweets from the PA, and tweets to/about the PA, although differences were also observed. The new method proposed and piloted here offers a way for organisations to conceptualise, identify, capture and visualise the large-scale, ephemeral, text conversations about themselves on Twitter, and to assist them with key strategic uses of social media.

scholarly journals Mining Industry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Problems of Environmental and Social Security of Indigenous Peoples

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Evdokia Burtseva ◽  
Anatoliy Sleptsov ◽  
Anna Bysyina ◽  
Alla Fedorova ◽  
Gavril Dyachkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia; RS(Y)) is located in the northeast of Siberia (Russia) in the basins of the Lena, Yana, and Indigirka rivers, in the lower reaches of the Kolyma River. Yakutia is an industrial–agrarian republic with a developed mining, fuel, and energy industry. Indigenous peoples live mainly in the Arctic regions, where the large-scale development of mineral resources is planned, and South Yakutia, where the mining industry is well developed. The aim of this study is the development of methodological approaches to assessing the impact of the mining industry on the natural environment and the social sphere in the places of residence and traditional economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the North. We used the results of research work (R&D), materials of expeditionary work, and regulatory documents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Russian Federation (RF). The state of the environment (ES) was assessed on the basis of the analysis of indicators for three areas: (a) anthropogenic load, (b) environmental and social consequences, and (c) resistance of natural complexes to technogenic impacts. In total, 22 indicators were used for the 3 areas, for example, population density, person/km2; the volume of extraction of rock mass, million m3; and emissions, t/year. To bring dissimilar indicators into comparable ones, we used a methodological approach with the use of the social risk index (SRI). In Arctic regions (mainly agricultural), the ES is in a favorable and relatively favorable state: SRI 0.61–0.70; in the central regions (mainly agricultural), it is satisfactory and relatively satisfactory: SRI 0.71–1.0; in the southern and western regions with a developed mining industry, it is relatively tense and tense: SRI 1.01–3.0. An extremely tense state of environmental conditions has developed in the city of Yakutsk: SRI ≥ 3. Generally, the deterioration of the environmental situation and vital activity of the indigenous peoples in investigated Arctic region correlated with the impact of the mining industry.

Virtue

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Sadan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Belief System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theravada Buddhism ◽  
Baptist Church ◽  
American Baptist ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

This chapter considers the impact of conversion to Christianity among the Kachin peoples of Burma and the role that conflict has had in promoting Christianity as a principal ideological foundation for the social movement of Kachin ethno-nationalism. It challenges the perception that Christianity was a majority belief system before the late 1970s and explores some of the different social dynamics that produced this large-scale conversion beyond the colonial period. It also examines the boundaries between Christianity (specifically American Baptist doctrinal orthodoxies), Theravada Buddhism, and autochthonous belief systems to show how ideological perceptions of threats to the self and the community have been modelled by Kachin Christian ethno-nationalists within the Kachin Baptist Church. It then describes how the social prevalence of this belief system among Kachin youth has created significant shifts in comprehension of ‘Kachin’ history and society, which have also had a transformative effect upon modern Kachin ethno-nationalist ideologies.

scholarly journals Social networks influence farming practices and agrarian sustainability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244619
Author(s):  
Amaia Albizua ◽  
Elena M. Bennett ◽  
Guillaume Larocque ◽  
Robert W. Krause ◽  
Unai Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The social-ecological effects of agricultural intensification are complex. We explore farmers’ perceptions about the impacts of their land management and the impact of social information flows on their management through a case study in a farming community in Navarra, Spain, that is undergoing agricultural intensification due to adoption of large scale irrigation. We found that modern technology adopters are aware that their management practices often have negative social-ecological implications; by contrast, more traditional farmers tend to recognize their positive impacts on non-material benefits such as those linked with traditions and traditional knowledge, and climate regulation. We found that farmers’ awareness about nature contributions to people co-production and their land management decisions determine, in part, the structure of the social networks among the farming community. Since modern farmers are at the core of the social network, they are better able to control the information flow within the community. This has important implications, such as the fact that the traditional farmers, who are more aware of their impacts on the environment, rely on information controlled by more intensive modern farmers, potentially jeopardizing sustainable practices in this region. We suggest that this might be counteracted by helping traditional farmers obtain information tailored to their practices from outside the social network.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corona Virus Outbreak Regarding the Large-Scale Social Restriction Policy on Economic Attitudes in Makassar

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Patta Rapanna SE MSi ◽  
Edy Jumady, S.E., M.Si
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Impact

Types of qualitative research through the phenomenological approach, the results showed that Corona virus outbreak affects all sectors, one of which is the economic factor where many people become victims of termination of employment from the company they work besides large-scale social restriction policies or lock down impacts the limited activities, especially the social and economic movements of the community, while the , this is because of many people who do not have a domicile letter because of displacement that is temporary (not settled), this condition affects social gaps, criminal figures, social jealousy, etc.

scholarly journals Development of Infrastructure and Changes in the Social Space of Kharkiv at the Turn of the 19th – 20th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philanthropic Organizations ◽  
Symbolic Coding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article explored the impact of urban infrastructure on the social space of Kharkov in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Kharkiv municipality began to implement large-scale infrastructure projects that contributed to solving urgent sanitary-epidemiological and social problems from the 1870s. The first significant technological component of the infrastructure was water supply. Telephone communications, electric lighting, sewage, horse and electric trams started to function in Kharkiv at that time. Networks of medical, educational and cultural institutions were widely developed. The publication clarified the role of certain actors in the creation and maintenance of infrastructure elements. In particular, thanks to Kharkiv municipality declared the basics of collective safety, occupational health, social ecology and formed communicative relations of infrastructure institutions with consumers. Attention is also focused on the role of Kharkiv philanthropic organizations and expert groups, which contributed to the awareness of citizens of such an ethical principle as social responsibility. In the article considered changes in the material substrate of the social space of Kharkiv. It is noted that although the center of the city was the zone of “prestige”, however, the localization of the components of the city infrastructure gradually expanded, which became one of the important features of the modernization of the social space of the city. Networks of hospitals and educational institutions covered remote Kharkiv areas. Public transport and stationary trading establishments become part of the everyday practices of residents of the city's environs. It is concluded that the development of infrastructure not only changed the physical appearance of the city, but also transformed social practices and the symbolic coding of social space.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and threats in the social sphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
GULBARSHYN CHEPURKO
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The article raises the issue of social risks of the COVID-19 pandemic in three problem areas: health, education, support for the most vulnerable population groups, analyzes the impact of the pandemic on the interaction of government and society. In this case, social risk is seen as a danger that arises within the social sphere of society, which has negative social consequences and affects the lives of individuals, social groups and society as a whole. The current situation has shown that the medical and science systems of Ukraine are not ready for a large-scale pandemic. The author notes that after the end of the pandemic, a serious analysis of the problems that have arisen in the field of health care and the development of strategic measures to support the national health care system, medical institutions and health workers will be needed. The article analyzes the impact of the pandemic on the usual lifestyles of pupils / students, their families and teachers, which led to far-reaching economic and social consequences, emphasized on a number of socio-economic issues, including: - equal access to education (not all families can provide the same means for distance learning and have access to quality Internet). Pandemic allowed focusing on those people who especially need help: the elderly people, people with disabilities, members of large families and others. A large number of problems in the social sphere, which arose or deepened during the quarantine and did not receive a proper response from the state, are largely related to systemic problems. The article raises emphasizes on the fact that the attention of the state needs to be focused on structural problems. The state has to respond to the challenges in a timely manner, develop integrated approaches and solutions that will work in the long term perspective.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of different grouping methods: time to rethink and regroup?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Randall ◽  
Anna Ferrante ◽  
Adrian Brown ◽  
James Boyd ◽  
James Semmens
Keyword(s):  
Record Linkage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Grouping Strategy ◽  
Grouping Strategies ◽  
Linkage Quality ◽  
One To One ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT ObjectivesThe grouping of record-pairs to determine which administrative records belong to the same individual is an important process in record linkage. A variety of grouping methods are used but the relative benefits of each are unknown. We evaluate a number of grouping methods against the traditional merge based clustering approach using large scale administrative data. ApproachThe research aimed to both describe current grouping techniques used for record linkage, and to evaluate the most appropriate grouping method for specific circumstances. A range of grouping strategies were applied to three datasets with known truth sets. Conditions were simulated to appropriately investigate one-to-one, many-to-one and ongoing linkage scenarios. ResultsResults suggest alternate grouping methods will yield large benefits in linkage quality, especially when the quality of the underlying repository is high. Stepwise grouping methods were clearly superior for one-to-one linkage. There appeared little difference in linkage quality between many-to-one grouping approaches. The most appropriate techniques for ongoing linkage depended on the quality of the population spine and the underlying dataset. ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the large effect that the choice of grouping strategy can have on overall linkage quality. Ongoing linkages to high quality population spines provide large improvements in linkage quality compared to merge based linkages. Procuring or developing such a population spine will provide high linkage quality at far lower cost than current methods for improving linkage quality. By improving linkage quality at low cost, this resource can be further utilised by health researchers.

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