GENOMIC EFFECTS ON THE DURATION OF MEIOSIS IN TRITICALE AND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Roupakias ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Genomic Effects ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

The effect of the D and R genomes on the duration of meiosis and its stages was studied in the following materials: 1. AABBDD (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.); 2. AABB (extracted from AABBDD); 3. AABBRR and AABBDDRR (× Triticosecale Wittmack); 4. AABBD; 5. ABRR; and 6. RR (Secale cereale L.). Genomes AB, D and R were the same irrespective of the material in which they were found. At 20 °C and continuous illumination meiosis lasted 32.8 to 44.5 h in the AABBDD; 44.1 to 44.6 h in the AABB; 46.4 to 51.3 h in the AABBRR; 43.6 h in the AABBDDRR; 44.5 h in the AABBD; 51.6 to 52.7 h in the ABRR and 52.6 h in the RR genotype. Addition of the D genome to the AABB and AABBRR genotypes resulted in (1) elongation of the stage of nucleolar fusion (2) shortening of the combined duration of zygotene and pachytene and (3) reduction of the total duration of meiosis in AABBRR while it had no effect on AABB. Addition of the R genome to AABB resulted in the elongation of the total duration of meiosis and its stages while it had no significant effect when added to AABBDD. It was concluded that the variation observed in the duration of meiosis and its stages among the various cereal genotypes studied was more likely due to genes carried by the D and R genomes rather than to simple changes in ploidy level or DNA content.

COLD HARDINESS IN HEXAPLOID TRITICALE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. LIMIN ◽  
J. DVORAK ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The excellent cold hardiness of rye (Secale cereale L.) makes it a potential source of genetic variability for the improvement of this character in related species. However, when rye is combined with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to produce octaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack, ABDR genomes), the superior rye cold hardiness is not expressed. To determine if the D genome of hexaploid wheat might be responsible for this lack of expression, hexaploid triticales (ABR genomes) were produced and evaluated for cold hardiness. All hexaploid triticales had cold hardiness levels similar to their tetraploid wheat parents. Small gains in cold hardiness of less than 2 °C were found when very non-hardy wheats were used as parents. This similarity in expression of cold hardiness in both octaploid and hexaploid triticales indicates that the D genome of wheat is not solely, if at all, responsible for the suppression of rye cold hardiness genes. There appears to be either a suppressor(s) of the rye cold hardiness genes on the AB genomes of wheat, or the expression of diploid rye genes is reduced to a uniform level by polyploidy in triticale. The suppression, or lack of expression, of rye cold hardiness genes in a wheat background make it imperative that cold-hardy wheats be selected as parents for the production of hardy triticales.Key words: Triticale, Secale, winter wheat, cold hardiness, gene expression

THE INHERITANCE OF RYE CHROMOSOMES IN EARLY GENERATIONS OF TRITICALE × WHEAT HYBRIDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. May ◽  
R. Appels
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Triticales (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are being employed as a source of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromatin for the introduction of specific agronomic characters into wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). The rye chromosomes present in plants of the first and second generations of a backcrossing program have been identified using a radioactive in situ probe which hybridizes to specific sites on the rye chromosomes. We show that homologous pairs of rye chromosomes are present by the second generation which should thereby ensure their eventual substitution. Furthermore, rye telosomes and a wheat-rye chromosome translocation involving 5RL were also observed as possibly useful modifications of the rye chromosomes in this breeding program.

Control of alien gene expression for aluminum tolerance in wheat

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
K. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Alien Gene

The expression of aluminum tolerance from rye (Secale cereale L.) when present in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) background has been observed to be much lower than that in rye itself. By crossing each of the ditelocentric lines of 'Chinese Spring' wheat with a tolerant rye, the effects of the presence or absence of each arm of wheat on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance could be established. Of 42 wheat chromosome arms, 18 affected the expression of rye aluminum tolerance. Tolerance was increased over that observed in the euploid wheat–rye hybrid when arms 4AL, 5AL, 6AL, 7BS, 7BL, and 3DS were absent. Tolerance was reduced when arms 2AL, 5AS, 6BS, 1DS, 1DL, 2DL, 4DL, 5DS, 5DL, 6DL, 7DS, and 7DL were absent. Thus, the control of aluminum tolerance expression from rye in a wheat background was evidently under the influence of genes located on a number of wheat chromosome arms, with a few arms tending to enhance expression and many others tending to reduce it. In fact, 5AS of 'Chinese Spring' enhances expression, while 5AL suppresses it. The D genome of bread wheat appears to have the most pronounced effect on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance.Key words: rye, activator genes, suppressor genes, alien manipulation.

The effect of cytoplasm on cold hardiness in alloplasmic rye (Secale cereale L.) and triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Limin ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Octoploid Triticale ◽  
Wheat Parent

Many changes occur within the cytoplasm of plant cells during cold acclimation. However, the cause and effect relationship between cytoplasmic response to low temperature and the development of cold hardiness in cells has been difficult to determine. This study considered the importance of rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal.) cytoplasmic effects in conditioning plant cold hardiness. The cold hardiness of octoploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) produced from hardy rye and nonhardy wheat was similar to that of the wheat parent, demonstrating a complete suppression of the rye cold hardiness genes. Similar observations were made for wheat – rye amphiploids from reciprocal crosses, indicating that this suppression was not due to cytoplasmic effects. It is more probable that, because the cold hardiness of octoploid triticale approximates that of the wheat parent, the cold hardiness potential of the rye genome is suppressed by a gene or genes in the wheat complement. The cold hardiness of alloplasmic rye with T. tauschii cytoplasm was similar to that of the rye parent indicating that the cold hardiness genes of rye have normal expression in the T. tauschii cytoplasm. Based on observations made in these two studies, it was concluded that the cytoplasm has little direct effect on cold hardiness, or on the nuclear expression of cold hardiness.Key words: cold hardiness, cytoplasm, Triticum aestivum L., triticale, alloplasmic rye.

THE CHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION OF HEXAPLOID WINTER TRITICALES

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Lukaszewski ◽  
Barbara Apolinarska
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Eighty-three advanced winter triticales (× Triticosecale Wittmack) derived from various initial crosses and seven unselected triticale × bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F5 lines were screened for the presence of rye chromosomes. Seventy-six advanced lines had seven pairs of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes, suggesting selection pressure favoring retention of the complete rye genome. The results for unselected lines suggest the operation of natural disruptive selection for parental types. Possible factors involved in yielding different chromosome constitutions in winter and spring triticales are discussed.

scholarly journals Tolerância de cultivares de trigo, triticale e centeio em diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva

Bragantia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo ◽  
João Carlos Fenício
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Foram estudados sete cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L. ), um de trigo duro (Triticum durum L.), sete de triticale e dois de centeio (Secale cereale L.), em soluções nutritivas contendo quatro níveis de alumínio tóxico. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuarem a crescer em soluçâo sem alumínio após um período de 48 horas em solução contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio. A temperatura de 28 ± 1 °C foi mantida constante nas soluções durante o experimento. Os cultivares de centeio, Goyarowo e Branco, foram tolerantes a 20mg/ litro de Al3+; os de trigo, Siete Cerros, Tobari-66 e Cocorit, foram sensíveis a 5mg/lítro de alumínio, porém BH-1146, IAC-5, BR-1 e IAC-18 foram tolerantes e, IAC-17, moderadamente tolerante a essa concentração de alumínio; os cultivares de triticale, PFT-763, TCEP-77142, PFT-764, TCEP-75709, Cynamon, TCEP-77138 e TCEP-77136, foram tolerantes a 5mg/litro de Al3+. Todos os cultivares de trigo e triticale foram sensíveis a 10mg/litro de Al3+.

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