THE CHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION OF HEXAPLOID WINTER TRITICALES

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Lukaszewski ◽  
Barbara Apolinarska
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Eighty-three advanced winter triticales (× Triticosecale Wittmack) derived from various initial crosses and seven unselected triticale × bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F5 lines were screened for the presence of rye chromosomes. Seventy-six advanced lines had seven pairs of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes, suggesting selection pressure favoring retention of the complete rye genome. The results for unselected lines suggest the operation of natural disruptive selection for parental types. Possible factors involved in yielding different chromosome constitutions in winter and spring triticales are discussed.

THE INHERITANCE OF RYE CHROMOSOMES IN EARLY GENERATIONS OF TRITICALE × WHEAT HYBRIDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. May ◽  
R. Appels
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Triticales (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are being employed as a source of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromatin for the introduction of specific agronomic characters into wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). The rye chromosomes present in plants of the first and second generations of a backcrossing program have been identified using a radioactive in situ probe which hybridizes to specific sites on the rye chromosomes. We show that homologous pairs of rye chromosomes are present by the second generation which should thereby ensure their eventual substitution. Furthermore, rye telosomes and a wheat-rye chromosome translocation involving 5RL were also observed as possibly useful modifications of the rye chromosomes in this breeding program.

The effect of cytoplasm on cold hardiness in alloplasmic rye (Secale cereale L.) and triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Limin ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Octoploid Triticale ◽  
Wheat Parent

Many changes occur within the cytoplasm of plant cells during cold acclimation. However, the cause and effect relationship between cytoplasmic response to low temperature and the development of cold hardiness in cells has been difficult to determine. This study considered the importance of rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal.) cytoplasmic effects in conditioning plant cold hardiness. The cold hardiness of octoploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) produced from hardy rye and nonhardy wheat was similar to that of the wheat parent, demonstrating a complete suppression of the rye cold hardiness genes. Similar observations were made for wheat – rye amphiploids from reciprocal crosses, indicating that this suppression was not due to cytoplasmic effects. It is more probable that, because the cold hardiness of octoploid triticale approximates that of the wheat parent, the cold hardiness potential of the rye genome is suppressed by a gene or genes in the wheat complement. The cold hardiness of alloplasmic rye with T. tauschii cytoplasm was similar to that of the rye parent indicating that the cold hardiness genes of rye have normal expression in the T. tauschii cytoplasm. Based on observations made in these two studies, it was concluded that the cytoplasm has little direct effect on cold hardiness, or on the nuclear expression of cold hardiness.Key words: cold hardiness, cytoplasm, Triticum aestivum L., triticale, alloplasmic rye.

scholarly journals Tolerância de cultivares de trigo, triticale e centeio em diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva

Bragantia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo ◽  
João Carlos Fenício
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Foram estudados sete cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L. ), um de trigo duro (Triticum durum L.), sete de triticale e dois de centeio (Secale cereale L.), em soluções nutritivas contendo quatro níveis de alumínio tóxico. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuarem a crescer em soluçâo sem alumínio após um período de 48 horas em solução contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio. A temperatura de 28 ± 1 °C foi mantida constante nas soluções durante o experimento. Os cultivares de centeio, Goyarowo e Branco, foram tolerantes a 20mg/ litro de Al3+; os de trigo, Siete Cerros, Tobari-66 e Cocorit, foram sensíveis a 5mg/lítro de alumínio, porém BH-1146, IAC-5, BR-1 e IAC-18 foram tolerantes e, IAC-17, moderadamente tolerante a essa concentração de alumínio; os cultivares de triticale, PFT-763, TCEP-77142, PFT-764, TCEP-75709, Cynamon, TCEP-77138 e TCEP-77136, foram tolerantes a 5mg/litro de Al3+. Todos os cultivares de trigo e triticale foram sensíveis a 10mg/litro de Al3+.

Cold acclimation inhibits CO2-dependent stimulation of photosynthesis in spring wheat and spring rye

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav Dahal ◽  
Khalil Kane ◽  
Fathey Sarhan ◽  
Bernard Grodzinski ◽  
Norman P.A. Hüner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Stimulation Of

We assessed the effects of short-term elevated CO2 on the light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (Asat) of spring (‘SR4A’, ‘Katepwa’) and winter (‘Musketeer’, ‘Norstar’) wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.) cultivars grown at ambient CO2 (380 µmol C·mol–1) at either 20/16 °C (nonacclimated, NA) or 5/5 °C (cold acclimated, CA). In spring wheat–rye, cold acclimation decreased CO2-stimulation of Asat by 45%–60% relative to NA controls following a short-term (80 h) shift of plants from ambient to elevated CO2 (700 µmol C·mol–1). In contrast, in winter wheat–rye, cold acclimation enhanced CO2-stimulation of Asat by 15%–35% relative to NA controls upon a shift to elevated CO2. The stimulation observed for CA spring cultivars was about 60% less than that of CA winter cultivars. We conclude that a short-term exposure of spring cultivars to elevated CO2 cannot compensate for the cold acclimation-induced inhibition of Asat. Cold acclimation of spring cultivars appeared to exacerbate Rubisco CO2 substrate limitations present under ambient CO2. Furthermore, CA spring cultivars were unable to adjust their short-term temperature sensitivity of Asat under elevated CO2 compared with the winter cultivars.

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