MORPHOLOGY AND BREEDING BEHAVIOR OF COTTON HAPLOIDS

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678
Author(s):  
H. K. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Fruit Setting

Haploids of two cotton species Gossypium barbadense L. andG. hirsutum L. were produced by using the semigametic strain VSg-7. They were identified by a genetic marker, Miniature stature, their small leaves and flowers, and anther indehiscence. Haploids and diploids differed significantly from each other in seven characteristics and the differences in four of them were close to 2:1, the same as the chromosome ratio. Haploids of G. hirsutum were completely sterile, while those of G. barbadense showed some fertility as evidenced by an apparent 2% diads in PMCs, 3% functional pollen, 6% crossing, and fruit-setting in 43% of the haploids.

Association between Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata, causal agents of cotton leaf blight

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan ◽  
Hanna Levanony ◽  
Reuven Or
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Blight Disease

The association between Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata, responsible for the development of alternaria blight disease in cotton, was evaluated in artificially inoculated greenhouse plants and in naturally infested field plants. When greenhouse plants were inoculated with suboptimal doses of both pathogens (< 1.2 × 104 spores/mL) infection was greater than when separately inoculated by each pathogen at optimal dosage. In field-grown, naturally infected plants (Gossypium barbadense), both pathogens were found together in more than 40% of the plants. A second field-grown cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum) exhibited infection mainly by either A. alternata or both pathogens together. When both cotton species were naturally infected by both pathogens together, the number of A. alternata spores (either airborne or on the leaf surface) was greater than that of A. macrospora. We propose that A. macrospora together with A. alternata create a disease composite responsible for alternaria blight symptoms in cotton. Key words: Alternaria, cotton diseases, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum.

Specific attraction to and infection of cotton root cap cells by zoospores of Pythium dissotocum

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1760-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Goldberg ◽  
M. C. HAwes ◽  
M. E. Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Chemotactic Response ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Pythium Dissotocum ◽  
Zoospore Suspension ◽  
Individual Root

Root cap cells of two cotton species (Gossypium barbadense L. and G. hirsutum L.) elicited a specific chemotactic response in zoospores of Pythium dissotocum. When roots of cotton seedlings were placed into a suspension of Pythium dissotocum zoospores, there was immediate attraction, accumulation, and encystment exclusively in the root cap region. Seedlings which attracted zoospores were killed within 24 h. Furthermore, root cap cells remained attractive when isolated nondestructively from the root and placed into a zoospore suspension; attraction, accumulation, and encystment on individual root cap cells occurred within seconds after contact. Penetration and death of isolated cells occurred within 15–30 min. After 30 min, approximately 25% of living cells were directly colonized by zoospores. Root cap cells killed by freezing or drying remained attractive but at a reduced level; approximately half as many killed cells as living cells were directly colonized by zoospores. The number of root cap cells directly colonized by zoospores did not increase with time. In contrast, zoospores of Pythium catenulatum that exhibited a chemotactic response to Agrostis palustris (Bentgrass) were not attracted to and did not infect cotton seedlings or isolated root cap cells.

Construction and characterization of the first bacterial artificial chromosome library for the cotton species Gossypium barbadense L.

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.F. Wang ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
W.S. Wang ◽  
Y.M. Zheng ◽  
G.Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Average Insert Size ◽  
Insert Size ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Cotton Species

As the second most widely cultivated cotton, Gossypium barbadense is well known for its superior fiber properties and its high levels of resistance to Fusarium and Verticillium wilts. To enhance our ability to exploit these properties in breeding programs, we constructed the first bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for this species. The library contains 167 424 clones (49 920 BamHI and 117 504 HindIII clones), with an estimated average insert size of 130 kb. About 94.0% of the clones had inserts over 100 kb, and the empty clones accounted for less than 4.0%. Contamination of the library with chloroplast clones was very low (0.2%). Screening the library with locus-specific probes showed that BAC clones represent 6.5-fold genome equivalents. This high-quality library provides an additional asset with which to exploit genetic variation for cotton improvement.

scholarly journals The Chalcone Isomerase Family in Cotton: Whole-Genome Bioinformatic and Expression Analyses of the Gossypium barbadense L. Response to Fusarium Wilt Infection

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Li Zu ◽  
Yan-Ying Qu ◽  
Zhi-Yong Ni ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Chalcone Isomerase ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Duplication Events

Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is a key component of phenylalanine metabolism that can produce a variety of flavonoids. However, little information and no systematic analysis of CHI genes is available for cotton. Here, we identified 33 CHI genes in the complete genome sequences of four cotton species (Gossypium arboretum L., Gossypium raimondii L., Gossypium hirsutum L., and Gossypium barbadense L.). Cotton CHI proteins were classified into two main groups, and whole-genome/segmental and dispersed duplication events were important in CHI gene family expansion. qRT-PCR and semiquantitative RT-PCR results suggest that CHI genes exhibit temporal and spatial variation and respond to infection with Fusarium wilt race 7. A preliminary model of CHI gene involvement in cotton evolution was established. Pairwise comparison revealed that seven CHI genes showed higher expression in cultivar 06-146 than in cultivar Xinhai 14. Overall, this whole-genome identification unlocks a new approach to the comprehensive functional analysis of the CHI gene family, which may be involved in adaptation to plant pathogen stress.

scholarly journals VARIASI GENETIK BEBERAPA SPESIES KAPAS (Gossypium sp.) BERDASARKAN KERAGAMAN POLA PITA ISOZIM

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
E. SULISTYOWATI ◽  
SULISTYOWATI SULISTYOWATI ◽  
S. RUSTINI ◽  
S. SUMARTINI ◽  
ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Horizontal Type ◽  
Specific Band

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Deskripsi aksesi-aksesi kapas berdasarkan karakter morfologinyatelah disusun berdasarkan descriptor list yang disusun oleh IBPGR, akantetapi marka genetik dari aksesi-aksesi tersebut belum diketahui. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman pola-pita isozim Peroksidase(PER), Esterase (EST), dan Aspartate amino transferase (AAT) pada 19aksesi kapas dan kemiripan ke-19 aksesi kapas berdasarkan ketiga isozimtersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari 2008 di RumahKaca Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta dan analisisisozim dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Tumbuhan, PAU Ilmu HayatIPB. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah elektroforesis gel pati tipehorisontal dengan tiga sistem enzim, yaitu enzim peroksidase (PER),esterase (EST), dan aspartate amino transferase (AAT). Penelitianmenghasilkan data berupa pola pita isozim yang selanjutnya dibuat dalamdata biner. Data biner yang dihasilkan dibuat dalam persamaan matrik dandilanjutkan analisis gerombol dengan metode ‘UPGMA’ (Unweighted PairGroup Method Arithmetic Average) menggunakan fungsi SHAN padaProgram NTSYSpc versi 2.02. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaIsozim esterase dapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi Kanesia 1 (terbentuksatu pita spesifik) dan Kanesia 6 (satu pita spesifik); isozim peroksidasedapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi Kanesia 3 (dua pita pada kutub positif),aksesi-aksesi G. barbadense (dalam hal ini CTX-3 dan Giza-90 dua pitapada kutub positif) dan G. arboreum (empat pita pada kutub positif dansatu pita pada kutub negatif). Sedangkan isozim aspartat amino tranferasedapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi spesies G. herbaceum (dua pitaspesifik). Selain itu, terdapat kemiripan genetik antar aksesi kapasberdasarkan ketiga isozim (EST, PER, dan AAT). Pengelompokanberdasarkan ketiga isozim dari ke-19 aksesi kapas diketahui bahwa padajarak kemiripan 0,59 atau kemiripan 59% semua aksesi kapas menyatu,yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama hanya terdiri aksesiKanesia 1 saja. Sedangkan Kelompok kedua terdiri atas aksesi-aksesiKanesia 2, Kanesia 3, Kanesia 6, Kanesia 4, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 7,Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, M-5, Kanesia 8, Kanesia 9, Kanesia 15, AKA-5,Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, CTX-3, Giza-90 dan Kanesia 5.</p><p>Kata kunci: Gossypium sp., keragaman genetik, pola pita isozim</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Genetic Diversity of Cotton Species (Gossypium sp.)Based on Variation of Isozyme Banding Pattern</p><p>Morphological characters of cotton accessions have been describedbased on the descriptor list produced by IBPGR, but the genetic markersfor those accessions have not yet been known. This research aimed atstudying the diversity and similarity among 19 cotton accessions based onisozyme banding patterns of peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), andaspartate amino transferase (AAT). Research was carried out in February2008 at the green house of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas MaretUniversity, Surakarta and the isozyme was analyzed in Plant BiologicalLaboratory, Biological Science PAU IPB. Samples were electrophoresedon horizontal type of potato extract gel and stained with three enzymesystems, i.e. peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), and aspartate aminotransferase ( AAT). The isozyme bandings were scored and translated intobinary data, which was then used to deduce the similarity amongaccessions and to draw dendrogram by using 'UPGMA' (Unweighted PairGroup Method Arithmetic Average) method from the NTSYSPC softwareversion 2.02. Experimental results showed that isozyme esterase can beused as genetic marker for Kanesia 1 (one specific band) and Kanesia 6(one specific band). Isozyme peroxidase can be used as genetic marker forKanesia 3 (two bands at positive end), accessions G. barbadense i.e. CTX-3 and Giza-90 (two bands at positive end) and G. arboreum (four bands atpositive end and one band at negative). Isozyme aspartate aminotransferase can be used as genetic marker for spesies G. herbaceum (twospecific bands). Moreover, the similarity analysis among 19 cottonaccessions based on the three isozymes showed that at the similarity levelof 59%, all accessions are divided in two groups. The first group consistedof Kanesia 1 only. Whereas the second group consisted of accessionsKanesia 2, Kanesia 3, Kanesia 6, Kanesia 4, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 7,Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, M-5, Kanesia 8, Kanesia 9, Kanesia 15, AKA-5,Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, CTX-3, Giza-90, and Kanesia 5.</p><p>Key words: Gossypium sp., genetic diversity, isozyme banding pattern</p>

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