IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMOSOMES IN SECALE MONTANUM AND INDIVIDUAL S. MONTANUM CHROMOSOME ADDITIONS TO 'KHARKOV' WHEAT BY HETEROCHROMATIN BANDS AND CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
L. E. Evans ◽  
K. Josifek
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Heterochromatin Staining ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Secale Montanum

Heterochromatin staining along with chromosome morphology was used to identify the chromosomes of Secale montanum Guss. in five accessions. The characteristics of all seven S. montanum chromosomes were fairly consistent from accession to accession. The S. montanum chromosomes were easily identified, and could be distinguished from the seven S. cereale L. chromosomes. Four disomic addition lines of S. montanum accession 2D23 to 'Kharkov M.C. 22' wheat were also analysed and identified.

scholarly journals Development of new PCR-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (Secale cereale L.)

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qiu ◽  
Zong-xiang Tang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Shu-lan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

PCR-based rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. In the present study, 578 new PCR-based rye-specific markers have been developed by using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology, and 76 markers displayed different polymorphism among rye Kustro, Imperial, and King II. A total of 427 and 387 markers were, respectively, located on individual chromosomes and chromosome arms of Kustro by using a set of wheat–rye monosomic addition lines and 13 monotelosomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’ × S. cereale L. ‘Kustro’. In addition, two sets of wheat–rye disomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring × S. cereale L. var. Imperial and T. aestivum L. ‘Holdfast’ × S. cereale L. var. King II, were used to test the chromosomal specificity of the 427 markers. The chromosomal locations of 281 markers were consistent among the three sets of wheat–rye addition lines. The markers developed in this study can be used to identify a given segment of rye chromosomes in wheat background and accelerate the utilization of elite genes on rye chromosomes in wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals An assessment of the homoeology of six Agropyron intermedium chromosomes added to wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Forster ◽  
S. M. Reader ◽  
S. A. Forsyth ◽  
R. M. D. Koebner ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Agropyron Intermedium ◽  
Plant Phenotype ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

SummarySix wheat/Agropyron intermedium addition lines are described on the basis of their phenotype and biochemical markers. An assessment of homoeology of each addition chromosome is made. Chromosome morphology, plant phenotype, isozyme and protein studies are compared with similar data for other wheat/alien addition lines and other members of the Triticeae. These comparisons give consistent results and it is concluded that addition lines L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L7 carry Agropyron chromosomes of homoeologous groups 7, 3, 1, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. This agrees with previously published work with one exception: the L5 chromosome belongs to homoeologous group 5 and not group 2 as proposed by Figueiras et al. (1986).

Rust resistance in Triticum cylindricum Ces. (4x, CCDD) and its transfer into durum and hexaploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bai ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

In order to counteract the effects of the mutant genes in races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.) in wheat, exploration of new resistance genes in wheat relatives is necessary. Three accessions of Triticum cylindricum Ces. (4x, CCDD), Acy1, Acy9, and Acy11, were tested with 10 races each of leaf rust and stem rust. They were resistant to all races tested. Viable F1 plants were produced from the crosses of the T. cylindricum accessions as males with susceptible MP and Chinese Spring ph1b hexaploid wheats (T. aestivum, 6x, AABBDD), but not with susceptible Kubanka durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum, 4x, AABB), even with embryo rescue. In these crosses the D genome of hexaploid wheat may play a critical role in eliminating the barriers for species isolation during hybrid seed development. The T. cylindricum rust resistance was expressed in the F1 hybrids with hexaploid wheat. However, only the cross MP/Acy1 was successfully backcrossed to another susceptible hexaploid wheat, LMPG-6. In the BC2F2 of the cross MP/Acy1//LMPG-6/3/MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines with resistance to either leaf rust race 15 (infection types (IT) 1=, 1, or 1+; addition line 1) or stem rust race 15B-1 (IT 1 or 1+; addition line 2) were selected. Rust tests and examination of chromosome pairing of the F1 hybrids and the progeny of the disomic addition lines confirmed that the genes for rust resistance were located on the added T. cylindricum C-genome chromosomes rather than on the D-genome chromosomes. The T. cylindricum chromosome in addition line 2 was determined to be chromosome 4C through the detection of RFLPs among the genomes using a set of homoeologous group-specific wheat cDNA probes. Addition line 1 was resistant to the 10 races of leaf rust and addition line 2 was resistant to the 10 races of stem rust, as was the T. cylindricum parent. The added C-genome chromosomes occasionally paired with hexaploid wheat chromosomes. Translocation lines with rust resistance (2n = 21 II) may be obtained in the self-pollinated progeny of the addition lines through spontaneous recombination of the C-genome chromosomes and wheat chromosomes. Such translocation lines with resistance against a wide spectrum of rust races should be potentially valuable in breeding wheat for rust resistance.Key words: wheat, Triticum cylindricum, rust resistance, gene transfer, addition line, molecular cytogenetics.

Transfer of leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes from Triticum triaristatum to durum and bread wheats and their molecular cytogenetic localization

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bai ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

Six accessions of Triticum triaristatum (Willd) Godr. &Gren. (syn. Aegilops triaristata) (6x, UUMMUnUn), having good resistance to both leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm) races and stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.) races, were successfully crossed with both susceptible durum wheats (T. turgidum var. durum L., 2n = 28, AABB) and bread wheats (T. aestivum, 2n = 42, AABBDD). In some crosses, embryo rescue was necessary. The T. triaristatum resistance was expressed in all F1 hybrids. Backcrossing of the F1 hybrids to their wheat parents to produce BC1F1 plants was more difficult (seed set 0–7.14%) than to produce F1 hybrids (seed set 12.50–78.33%). The low female fertility of the F1 hybrids was due to low chromosome pairing. Only gametes with complete or nearly complete genomes from the F1 hybrids were viable. In BC2F4 populations from the cross MP/Ata2//2*MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines (2n = 21 II + 1 I or 22 II) with resistance to leaf rust race 15 (IT 1) were selected. In BC2F2 populations from the crosses CS/Ata4//2*MP and MP/Ata4//2*MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines with resistance to either leaf rust race 15 or stem rust race 15B-1 (both IT 1) were selected. Rust tests and cytology on the progeny of the disomic addition lines confirmed that the genes for rust resistance were located on the added T. triaristatum chromosomes. The homoeologous groups of the T. triaristatum chromosomes in the addition lines from the crosses MP/Ata2//2*MP, CS/Ata4//2*MP, and MP/Ata4//2*MP were determined to be 5, 2, and 7, respectively, through the detecting of RFLPs among genomes using a set of homoeologous group specific wheat cDNA probes. The addition lines with resistance to leaf rust race 15 from the crosses MP/Ata2//2*MP and CS/Ata4//2*MP were resistant to another nine races of leaf rust and the addition line with resistance to stem rust race 15B-1 from the cross MP/Ata4//2*MP was resistant to another nine races of stem rust as were their T. triaristatum parents. Since such genes provide resistance against a wide spectrum of rust races they should be very valuable in wheat breeding for rust resistance.Key words: Triticum triaristatum, rust resistance, addition line, molecular cytogenetics.

Rf genes restore fertility in wheat lines with cytoplasms of Elymus trachycaulus and E. ciliaris

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
W. John Raupp ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Monosomic Additions ◽  
Alloplasmic Wheat ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Wheat Lines

Alloplasmic euploid wheat lines with the cytoplasm of Elymus trachycaulus (2n = 4x = 28, StStHtHt) and Elymus ciliaris (2n = 4x = 28, ScScYcYc) are male sterile and have reduced vigor. Fertile alloplasmic wheat plants are also recovered, but they always contain complete or partial chromosome additions of 1Ht or 1St (in E. trachycaulus derived lines) or 1Yc (in E. ciliaris derived lines) with specific Elymus gliadin genes (Gli-Ht1, Gli-St1, Gli-Yc1) and fertility restoration (Rf) genes. The Rf genes on 1Ht 1St and 1Yc were named as Rf-Ht1, Rf-St1, and Rf-Yc1, respectively. In this study, we crossed different disomic addition lines with one another to produce double monosomic additions either in E. trachycaulus or E. ciliaris cytoplasm. The chromosome constitution, transmission, and fertility of the selfed and backcrossed progenies of three double monosomic additions with 21″ + 3BS∙1YcS′ + 1HtS∙1HtS′ (cytoplasm from E. trachycaulus), 21″ + 3BS∙1YcS′ + 1HtS∙1HtS′ (cytoplasm from E. ciliaris), and 21″ + 3BS∙1YcS′ + 7AL∙S-1StS′ (cytoplasm from E. ciliaris) were analyzed. The results indicated that (i) Rf-Ht1 and Rf-St1 on 1Ht and 1St restored fertility to wheat with E. ciliaris cytoplasm; (ii) Rf-Yc1 on 1Yc restored fertility to wheat with E. trachycaulus cytoplasm; (iii) cytoplasms of E. ciliaris and E. trachycaulus are closely related; and (iv) certain E. trachycaulus and E. ciliaris chromosomes show preferential transmission.Key words: Elymus, Rf genes, wheat–Elymus hybrids, cytoplasmic genetics, genome evolution.

scholarly journals Chromosomal locations of eleven Elytrigia elongata (= Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Hart ◽  
Neal A. Tuleen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Valuable Role

SUMMARYThe zymogram phenotypes of 11 enzymes were determined for 22 Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring-Elytrigia elongata disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Eleven isozyme structural genes were located in specific arms of six E. elongata chromosomes, as follows: Gpi-E1 in 1ES, Est-E1 in 3ES, Got-E3 in 3EL, Adh-E1 and Lpx-E1 in 4ES, Adh-E2 and Lpx-E2 in 5EL, Amp-E1 in 6Eα, Adh-E3 and Got-E2 in 6Eβ, and Ep-E1 in 7EL. The E. elongata chromosomes present in five disomic addition lines have previously been designated 1E, 2E, 4E, 6E, and 7E to indicate their homoeology with Chinese Spring chromosomes. The results of this study support these designations. The development of disomic putative 3E and 5E addition lines is reported. The added chromosomes designated IV, V, and VI that are present in three of the seven original disomic T. aestivum-E. elongata addition lines are translocated. Evidence that VL and VIL are opposite arms of 2E and that IV is partially homoeologous to 3E has been published. The results reported in this paper indicate that IVS = 3ES, IVL = 7EL, VS = 3ES, and VIS = 5ES and are consistent with VL and VIL being opposite arms of 2E. The synteny relationships of the 11 E. elongata isozyme genes identified in this study are fully consistent with those of homoeologous T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring genes and thus provide evidence that the gene synteny groups which these two species inherited from their common ancestor are conserved. This study further documents the valuable role that studies of isozyme genes can play in the isolation, characterization, and maintenance of alien chromosomes, telosomes, and chromosomal segments in wheat strains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document