HETEROSIS, SEX AND MATERNAL INTERACTIONS IN CROSSES AMONG INBRED LINES OF MICE

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. White ◽  
M. G. Jamison ◽  
W. E. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Sex Linkage ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Sib Mating

All possible crosses and reciprocals were made among four inbred lines [Formula: see text] developed from 12 generations of full-sib mating. All lines originated from a common outbred base population of ICR-albino mice. Data were obtained from 356 litters containing 2,734 mice to evaluate heterosis, reciprocal effects, sex effects and their interactions as they affect body weight and weight gain. Heterosis was significant for most of the postweaning traits (42- and 56-day weight and gain from 21 to 42 days). Nonadditive gene action may have included overdominance and epistasis since both reciprocal linecrosses were generally heavier than those of the better inbred lines. Although significant differences in reciprocals and inbred lines were not frequent, there were sufficient differences to indicate that lines varied in the fixation of loci during inbreeding. Sex-heterosis interactions were significant for 12 of 30 possible cases. However, eight of the 12 significant interactions occurred in crosses involving only one of the lines. The interactions were of the divergent type and arose from males exhibiting more heterosis than females. Overdominance in genes on the sex chromosomes modified by other loci (epistasis) was proposed as a possible explanation for these results. Some sex-linkage affecting growth was evident from the interaction of sex with reciprocal effects.

scholarly journals Dampak Pemberian Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Ikan dalam Pakan terhadap Kolesterol Darah dan Performa pada Domba

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesha Ade Riemas ◽  
Iman Hernaman ◽  
Diky Ramdani ◽  
Bambang Nurhadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh minyak ikan yang sudah terenkapsulasi terhadap kolesterol darah dan performa pada Domba. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Sub Unit Pelayanan Pengembangan Pembibitan Ternak Domba dan Kambing (SUPPPTDK) Bunihayu, Subang pada tanggal 20 Januari 2020 sampai 27 Maret 2020. Sebanyak 18 ekor domba Ekor Tipis jantan dengan bobot 15,99±0,98 kg dialokasikan ke dalam 3 perlakuan secara acak. Domba tersebut diberi ransum perlakuan yang disuplementasi dengan mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan sebanyak 0% (P0), 2,5% (P1), dan 5% (P2). Data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis ragam dan bila hasil berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan dapat menurunkan kolesterol darah (P0,05), namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi dan konversi ransum (P0,05). Penurunan kadar kolesterol terjadi pada kelompok domba dengan perlakuan mikroenkapsulasi sebanyak 2,5% (P1) dan mikroenkapsulasi 5% (P2). Kadar kolesterol darah masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 100,70 mg/dl (P0); 96,20 mg/dl (P1); dan 78,76 mg/dl (P2). Rataan yang terbaik pada pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi bahan kering harian, dan konversi ransum terdapat pada P2 yaitu 63,96 g/hari, 574,13 g/hari, dan 9,08. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan dapat menurunkan kolesterol darah, dengan penurunan tertinggi pada pemberian 5%.  (The impact of microencapsulation fish oil in feed on blood cholesterols and performance on sheep) ABSTRAK. This study measured the effect of encapsulated fish oil on blood cholesterol and sheep performance. The study was conducted at the Bunihayu Sheep and Goat Breeding Services Bunihayu, Subang on January 20, 2020 to March 27, 2020. A total of 18 male thin-tailed sheep 15.99±0.98 kg were allocated randomly into 3 treatments. The sheep were given feed supplemented with fish oil microencapsulation of 0% (P0), 2.5% (P1), and 5% (P2). The data were collected and analyzed by analysis of variance and, if the result is significantly different, continued by Duncan's test. The results showed that fish oil microencapsulation decreased blood cholesterol levels (P0.05). However, it did not affect body weight gain, consumption, and feed conversion (P0.05). Decreased levels of cholesterol occurred in the group of sheep with 2.5% microencapsulation (P1) and 5% microencapsulation (P2). Blood cholesterol levels of each treatment were 100.70 mg/dl (P0); 96.20 mg/dl (P1); and 78.76 mg/dl (P2), respectively. Averagely, the highest body weight gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion were found in P2 as much as 63.96 g/day, 574.13 g/day, and 9.08, respectively. The results can be concluded that microencapsulation of fish oil can reduce blood cholesterol, with the highest decrease at the level of 5%.

scholarly journals The effects of inbreeding on birth weight and foetal and placental growth in mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Period Of Gestation

Twenty-four lines were bred from a base population of outbred Q mice by continued full-sib mating. Inbreeding did not cause depression in mean birth weight. However, convincing evidence of inbreeding depression in foetal weight at 17½ days' gestation was found; this depression in the rate of prenatal growth was attributable both to inbreeding in the litter and the mother. It was also inferred from the results of crossing the partially inbred lines that inbreeding in the litter caused depression of placental weight. It is concluded that the genes controlling the rate of prenatal growth exhibit directional dominance but that the resulting inbreeding depression in this trait does not lead to a lower birth weight, possibly because of the compensating effect of a longer period of gestation.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petsianum Clotzch) dalam Konsentrat Berdasarkan Kandungan Protein Kasar 19% terhadap Penampilan Kelinci

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Martha Kayadoe ◽  
O R Faidiban ◽  
Purwaningsih Purwaningsih ◽  
Dwi Nurhidayati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affect Body Weight

<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the performances of rabbit using several levels of Kebar grass in concentrate, i.e. 0, 5, 10 and 15%, according to protein requirement 19%. Research designed by using Randomized Design Group and each treatment was replicated two times. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Continued with LSD test. The addition of kebar grass concentrates had no effect in ration and feed efficiency, but significantly affect body weight gain in treatment of 10% and 15% compared to without addition (0%) of kebar grass and 5%. The addition of kebar grass did not affect palatability.</p><p>Key words : kebar grass, rabbit, concentrate, formulations</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petsianum Clotzch) dalam Konsentrat Berdasarkan Kandungan Protein Kasar 19% terhadap Penampilan Kelinci

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Martha Kayadoe ◽  
O R Faidiban ◽  
Purwaningsih Purwaningsih ◽  
Dwi Nurhidayati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affect Body Weight

<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the performances of rabbit using several levels of Kebar grass in concentrate, i.e. 0, 5, 10 and 15%, according to protein requirement 19%. Research designed by using Randomized Design Group and each treatment was replicated two times. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Continued with LSD test. The addition of kebar grass concentrates had no effect in ration and feed efficiency, but significantly affect body weight gain in treatment of 10% and 15% compared to without addition (0%) of kebar grass and 5%. The addition of kebar grass did not affect palatability.</p><p>Key words : kebar grass, rabbit, concentrate, formulations</p>

scholarly journals Substitusi rumput lapang dengan hay African Star Grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) terhadap produktivitas kelinci lokal jantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Syifa Nurjannah ◽  
Ikhsan Kholiq ◽  
Tedi Akhdiat ◽  
Nilawati Widjaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

The purpose of this research was to determine field grass substitution by hay African Star Grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) on the productivity of local male rabbits with an age of 3 months old. The research was conducted in October-November 2020 in Central Pojok Village, Cikahuripan, Lembang, West Bandung Regency. The research method used a completely randomized design with five treatments which were P0: 80% field grass + 20% concentrate; P1: 60% field grass + 20% hay African Star Grass + 20% concentrate; P2: 40% field grass + 40% hay African Star Grass + 20% concentrate; P3: 20% field grass + 60% hay African Star Grass + 20% concentrate; P4: 80% African Star Grass hay + 20% concentrate, and each treatment was repeated five times so that the number of rabbits used were 25 heads. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the substitution of field grass by Afrikan Star Grass affected ration consumption (P<0.05) with an average of 150.79-185.78 grams/head/day, but did not affect body weight gain and feed conversion (P>0.05) with an average of 14.64-19.78 grams/head/day and 7.94-11.60, respectively. This study concluded that the provision of hay African Star Grass at the level of 20% showed more optimal results.

Observations on the response of Merino weaners to a fodder supplement, a feeding block, and cobalt and selenium treatments

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
BC Roberts ◽  
PM Finlayson ◽  
JV Russel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
New South ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Summary-The response to supplementary feeding of weaners was studied at Condobolin, New South Wales. Three equal groups of 120, 3-4-month-old Merino weaners were rotated every six weeks for 18 weeks in a three-paddock system. The pasture consisted mainly of relatively dry heliotrope (Heliotropitlm europaetm) but there was some green fodder provided by other pasture species. Unsupplemented weaners gained 54 g per day and a group supplemented with unrestricted amounts of a hammerrnilled mixture of three parts chopped lucerne hay and one part oat grain gained an additional 7 g per day (P<0.05). The mean greasy fleece growth of the supplemented group (2.86 kg) between birth and approximately 10 months of age was greater than the unsupplemented group (2.68 kg, P*lt;0.05). The cost of the supplement would appear to be greater than the increased returns. Weaners allowed unrestricted access to a mineral feeding block gained a mean weight of 42 g per day which was significantly less than the unsupplemented group (P<0.05) and failed to maintain weight during the last six weeks of the trial. Selenium and cobalt treatments, which were given to some sheep in all groups, did not affect body weight gain or wool production.

Heterosis in F2-Generations of Drosophila-Melanogaster

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Ehiobu ◽  
ME Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Breakdown ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
English Population ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Australian English ◽  
F2 Generation

Three crosses among inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster generated by eight generation full-sib mating, three Australasian population crosses, and two Australian/English population crosses were raised to the F2 generation, to examine evidence of hybrid breakdown. Inbred line crosses produced F2 generations that retained, on average, 54% of the F1 heterosis, which was not significantly different from the retention of 50% F1 heterosis expected under a dominance model of heterosis. Australasian population crosses produced F2 generations with significantly less than 50% of the F1 heterosis, while crosses between Australian and English populations produced a F2 generation that generally performed worse than midparent purebred populations. These results imply epistatic gene action. Because inbred lines contain random combinations of genes, recombination does not necessarily produce hybrid breakdown. However, in crosses between natural populations, recombination is likely to disrupt co-adapted gene combinations leading to poor F2 performance. Populations which rarely exchange migrants are more likely to have alternative gene combinations and to show hybrid breakdown than populations which regularly exchange migrants. The implications of these findings for livestock crossbreeding programs is discussed.

scholarly journals Femoston 1/5 as a preparation continuous combined hormonotherapy in pre- and postmenopausal patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Margarita A. Repina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Breakthrough Bleeding ◽  
Affect Body Weight

The paper presents the results of a study of a low-dose drug for continuous HRT - Femoston 1/5. The drug quite effectively eliminates (reduces) psychoemotional and vegetative-vascular symptoms of peri- and postmenopause, eases the course of hypertension, does not affect body weight gain, actually does not cause breakthrough bleeding, growth of myomatous nodes, does not affect the size of the uterus and the thickness of the endometrium (within a year reception). Taking the drug is accompanied by positive dynamics of the level of glycemia, high and low density lipoproteins, the degree of aggregation and intravascular activation of platelets, which improves the state of peripheral blood flow. The presented data allow us to recommend Femoston 1/5 as a means of HRT for postmenopausal and perimenopausal patients with concomitant uterine myoma and endometriosis.

Dopaminergic therapy does not affect body weight in Parkinson's disease patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Bachmann ◽  
C. Werner ◽  
E. Brunner ◽  
C. Trenkwalder
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dopaminergic Therapy ◽  
Affect Body Weight
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