INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO GENETICS IN AGRICULTURE

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Protoplast Culture ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
World Population ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Plant Breeding Systems ◽  
Established Plant

The problems of feeding a rapidly expanding world population with decreasing arable land resources are placing increasing demands on our genetic resources and the plant breeders who exploit them. Innovative or novel genetic approaches may provide solutions to some of the problems of genetic analysis and the development of additional genetic variability in plants. The present status of techniques such as wide crossing, DNA feeding, tissue, cell and protoplast culture and somatic cell hybridisation is discussed. Plant tissue culture procedures may enable us to expand the gene pools for disease and pest resistance, greater tolerance to environmental stress, increased quality or possibly to develop new plant types. However, the utility of innovative procedures will require a rigorous evaluation of their potential and limitations, and the ability to produce material which can be readily introgressed into established plant breeding systems.

Prospects for increasing the volume of agricultural production for export due to the expansion and intensification of the use of Russian land resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Gennadiy A. Polunin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Near Future

The article is devoted to substantiating the prospects for increasing the marginal volumes of agricultural production for export in the next four years. Two scenarios of such production are considered: 1) expansion and 2) intensification of the use of land resources. As part of the development of the first scenario, an analysis of the distribution of unused agricultural land, including arable land, by federal districts was carried out. Also, based on the forecast of the introduction of additional annual volumes of acreage in the subjects of the Federation, the calculation of additional volumes of agricultural production, which can be expected in the next four years, was carried out. The analysis of data on the increase in the yield of export-oriented crops over the past five years has been carried out, in the framework of the second scenario, the calculation of the projected additional yield due to the intensification of agriculture is presented. The results of the study indicate that the intensification of agriculture will have the greatest impact on the growth of production and export of agricultural products in the near future.

scholarly journals Productive soils as basis for effective agricultural land use in Carpathian region of Ukraine

2013 ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinovii Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Definition Of

The structure of soils in Carpathian region of Ukraine, which is involved for agricultural land use, including for arable land, has been analyzed. The basic steps to increase the area of arable land have been described. Integrated approach with using spatial, legal, environmental, and economic performance has been proposed for definition of the efficiency of agricultural land use. The appellation “soil use” for characteristic the type using of agricultural land resources has been proposed. Key words: productive soils, land use, the Carpathian region of Ukraine, soil use

scholarly journals Population Pressure on Land Resources in Nigeria: The Past and Projected Outcome

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
H. I. Eririogu ◽  
R. N. Echebiri ◽  
E. S. Ebukiba
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Land Consumption ◽  
Per Capita

Aims: This paper assesses the population pressure on land resources in Nigeria: The past and projected outcome. Study Design: 1967 to 2068 time series data were used. The data sets were resorted to due to lack of complete national data. Place and Duration of Study: Past (1967-2017) and projected (2018-2068) five decades in Nigeria. Methodology: The time series data were obtained from the United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, National Population Commission, International Energy Statistics and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on population levels, renewable and non renewable resources in Nigeria. Others such as transformity were adapted from Odum (1996) and Odum (2000) for specific objectives. Data collected were analyzed using modified ecological footprint/carrying capacity approach, descriptive statistics and Z-statistics. Results: Results showed that the mean annual pressure on land resources in the past five decades (1967-2017) was 9.323 hectares per capita, while the projected pressure in the next five decades (2018-2068) was 213.178 hectares per capita. Results also showed that about 73.08 percent of the pressure per capita in the past five decades emanated from arable land consumption (6.813ha), while 75.91percent of the pressure is expected to emanate from fossil land in the next projected five decades due to crude oil and mineral resource exploration and exploitation. The carrying capacity of land resources in the past five decades was 6.4091 hectares per capita, while that of the projected five decades was 1.667 hectares per capita, an indication of ecological overshoot in both periods. Conclusion: Population pressures on land resources per capita in the past and projected five decades are higher than the carrying capacity of these resources in the country. Citizens lived and are expected to live unsustainably by depleting and degrading available land resources. Arable land consumption is the major contributor to the total pressure on land resources in the past five decades, while the consumption of fossil land due to exploration and exploitation of crude oil and mineral resources is expected to contribute majorly to the total pressure on land resources in the next five decades. Limiting affluence (per capita consumption of resources) and improving technology will not only ensure sustainable use of arable and fossil lands but place consumption within the limits of these resources for a sustainable future.

China’s arable land wasting problem

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wensheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Agricultural Regions

PurposeChina's population–land contradiction is a crucial issue, and by deeply analyzing causes of wasting arable land, this article recommends some policies to avoid waste.Design/methodology/approachBased on the current high-, middle- and low-class differentiation in the agricultural products' consumption structure against urban residents' rapid income growth, this article proposes that agricultural products with distinctive regional characteristics should be developed according to regional natural agricultural resources and market demand, so as to ensure that China's scarce arable land can be used effectively.FindingsChoices in regional agricultural production relate to operational farmers' enthusiasm for profitability and production, residential farmers' ability to ensure their own food security, agriculture's sustainable development and arable land resources' optimal allocation. Therefore, the varietal structure of agricultural products and regional production layout should be compatibly decided according to consumer demand and resource endowment.Originality/valueDuring the process of industrialization and urbanization, wasting of arable land has become a social development problem. On the basis of agriculture's regional resource endowment, this article reconstructs the functional positioning of various Chinese agricultural regions and solves the difficult problem of consumption structure transformation and homogeneous competition through the geographical division of labor, thereby optimizing allocation of arable land resources.

Legumes: Potential source of entomotoxic proteins- A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sagar ◽  
Heena Dhall
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
World Population ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Endogenous Defense

To meet the food demand of the ever-expanding world population there is a need for research and development for protecting crops against insect pests and pathogens. The way could be exploring the plant’s own defense mechanism by manipulating the expression of their endogenous defense proteins or introducing an insect control gene derived from another plants. The wild and resistant gene pools are the potential source of beneficial gene that offers considerable resistance to the insect pests. Insecticidal proteins viz., lectins, a-amylase inhibitor, urease, protease inhibitor, arcelins and cyclotides present in the seeds of pulses, especially in wild and resistance germplasms have been suggested to play a major role in insect resistance which are considered as most promising weapons that confer resistance against insects and which will be eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. Thus, it is very important to characterize these proteins and their encoding genes so that they can be used as viable means of producing pest resistant transgenic crops. This review deals with the biochemical features and mechanism of action of legume insecticidal proteins involved in defense mechanism against insect pests.

The Study on Dynamic Change of Cultivated Land Resources and Driving Forces - A Study Case of Lixian County, Hebei Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Can Zhang ◽  
Hui Chun Shi ◽  
Xia Xia Lv
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Statistical Yearbook

In this paper, Lixian County 2001-2010 dynamic changes of cultivated land resources were studied. Studies have shown that: the past 10 years the average annual reduction rate of 0.72% Lixian County arable land, and the reduction since 2002, much faster, In the spatial region, most dramatic change is more economically developed society Liwu Town, Dabaichi Town, Xinxing Town and Liushi Town. According to the statistical Yearbook 2001-2010 review, we select factor and use principal component analysis. The main driving factors of impacting Lixian County arable land resources change are economic factor, demographic factor and progress in agricultural technology factor.

scholarly journals Geoinformation Methodology of Agricultural Land Evaluation for Agricultural Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Elena Denisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Almost All

The formation of an economically developed management system for the country's agro-industrial complex cannot be considered only from the point of view of a separate science. Land resources are the source of profit, which is involved in almost all sectors of society. Land preservation and improvement is required to ensure an economic security and competitiveness of each region of the Russian Federation). The dynamics of changes in the areas of Svetloyarsky district of the Volgograd region in the context of municipalities is analyzed. The actual deviation of the area of Privolzhsky rural settlement amounts to 2,3 % of the statistical data. The boundaries and areas of the used plots of arable land in the Raigorod settlement do not coincide with the data of the state cadastral registration, the discrepancy of only one land plot is 422,44 hectares. By implementing GIS-technologies, the data were obtained for 2355 arable land plots, whereof the irrigated land area amounts to 52138 hectares, instead of the potentially possible 19455 hectares, that exceeds the settlement's capabilities by 2,7 times according to the statistical data.

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