AVENA CANARIENSIS: MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTROPHORETIC POLYMORPHISM AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE A. MAGNA–A. MURPHYI COMPLEX AND A. STERILIS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris L. Craig ◽  
Beatrice E. Murray ◽  
Tibor Rajhathy
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Electrophoretic Polymorphism ◽  
Esterase Patterns

Avena canariensis, a recently discovered oat species from Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands, has distinctive ecotypes, is polymorphic in morphological traits and in protein and esterase patterns forming clinal areas within the elevation gradient on the island. A comparison of leaf esterase patterns with that of other species provides evidence favoring A. canariensis as donor of the A genome in the A. magna–A. murphyi–A. sterilis evolutionary cluster.

Effects of two water regimes on morphological traits, nutritive value and physiology of three Bituminaria bituminosa varieties from the Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández‐Habas ◽  
Maria Teresa Hidalgo‐Fernández ◽  
José Ramón Leal‐Murillo ◽  
Pilar Méndez ◽  
José L Quero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Bituminaria Bituminosa

Phylogenetic relationships of species of genus Arachis based on genic sequences

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohao He ◽  
Noelle A. Barkley ◽  
Yongli Zhao ◽  
Mei Yuan ◽  
C.S. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
D Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

The genus Arachis (Fabaceae), which originated in South America, consists of 80 species. Based on morphological traits and cross-compatibility among the species, the genus is divided into nine taxonomic sections. Arachis is the largest section including the economically valuable cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea). Seven genic sequences were utilized to better understand the phylogenetic relationships between species of genus Arachis. Our study displayed four clades of species of Arachis. Arachis triseminata was genetically isolated from all other species of Arachis studied, and it formed the basal clade with A. retusa and A. dardani from the most ancient sections Extranervosae and Heteranthae, respectively. Species of section Arachis formed a separated single clade from all other species, within which species having B and D genome clustered in one subgroup and three species characterized with an A genome grouped together in another subgroup. A divergent clade including species from five sections was sister to the clade of section Arachis. Between the sister clades and the basal clade there was a clade containing species from the more advanced sections. Phylogenetic relationships of all the species of Arachis using multiple genic sequences were similar to the phylogenies produced with single-copy genes.

ANALYSIS OF SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN AVENAE BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND DISC ELECTROPHORESIS

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Dass
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Esterase Patterns

Thin-layer chromatographic studies on flavonoids, and disc electrophoretic studies on proteins and esterase isoenzymes were conducted with Avena to determine species relationships and genome homologies. Distinctness of Avena ventricosa and A. pilosa was observed in comparison to other diploid species. Closeness of the diploid species of the A. strigosa group (including hirtula and wiestii) was evident from the similarity of their protein and esterase spectra. The tetraploid species, A. barbata and A. abyssinica, were found to be very close to A. hirtula and A. strigosa, respectively, by TLC studies. Proteins and esterases also showed that the tetraploid species are very close to the A. strigosa group of diploid species. The contribution of a genome by the A. strigosa group to the tetraploids and hexaploids was confirmed. The hexaploids showed different protein and esterase patterns. The involvement of A. ventricosa as the C genome donor to the hexaploids was shown by the protein and esterase spectra. A few extra protein bands observed may have been from the D genome.

An important new diploid Avena species discovered on the Canary Islands

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Baum ◽  
T. Rajhathy ◽  
D. R. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Evolutionary Sequence ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
A Genome

Avena canariensis sp. nov., 2n = 14, is described from the Canary Islands. Its spikelets have non-disarticulating upper florets and bidentate lemmas, suggesting the evolutionary sequence: A, canariensis (2x) → A. magna (4x) → A. sterilis (6x). Hence it is a putative ancestor of the 6x cultivated oats. The karyotype consists of two pairs of satellited chromosomes, four pairs with median and one pair with submedian centromeres, suggesting affinity with the A genome diploid avenas. It was found on a diversity of natural and disturbed sites in the uplands of Fuerteventura, but not as a weed of field crops.

scholarly journals Distributional patterns of endemic, native and alien species along a roadside elevation gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bacaro ◽  
S. Maccherini ◽  
A. Chiarucci ◽  
A. Jentsch ◽  
D. Rocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Distributional Patterns

Cause and effect relationship of morphological attributes with yield in a-genome Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Heading Time ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Relationship Of

Wheat considered to be the most important among all cereal crops, is grown across various agro-ecological zones around the globe. It is the main staple food playing a prominent role in the economy of the country as well as in the cropping system. The present study was conducted to estimate genotypic correlations among morphological traits and yield using 50 accessions of diploid wheat including 2 parents and 48 RILs at F7:8 stage to determine direct as well as indirect effects. The results presented here showed that generally the coefficients of genotypical correlation (rg) depicted higher values in comparison to the coefficients of phenotypic correlation (rp). Among the morphological traits contributing to the grain yield, genotypic as well as phenotypic coefficients of correlation have been evaluated. All the traits displayed positive correlation with each other except emergence percentage (EP) that depicted negative interaction with booting time (BT), flowering time (FT) and heading time (HT) phenotypically. Highest estimates of direct effect i.e., 2.1217 on grain yield have been counted for booting time however, maximum indirect effect counted on grain yield was for heading time via booting time. Therefore, booting time can be successfully employed as an effective trait in the breeding programs focused on increasing wheat yield.

Cytogenetics of a synthesized allopentaploid (2n = 5x = 100) in the genus Glycine subgenus Glycine

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Singh ◽  
T. Hymowitz
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Origin Identification

The objectives of this study were to provide information on the origin, identification, meiosis, and breeding behavior of a synthesized allopentaploid (2n = 5x = 100) in the genus Glycine (Willd.) subgenus Glycine. The origin of the pentaploid plant was as follows: G. clandestina, 2n = 2x = 40, A1A1 × G. canescens, 2n = 2x = 40, AA (designated as H119), F1 (2n = 2x = 40, AA1) × G. tomentella (2n = 4x = 80, AxAxDD) → F1 (2n = 3x = 60, AAxD (assuming A-genome chromosomes from G. canescens were transmitted)) → 0.1% colchicine treatment → 2n = 6x = 120 (AAAxAxDD) × G. tomentella (2n = 4x = 80, AxAxDD) → BC1, 2n = 5x = 100 (AAxAxDD). Morphologically, the pentaploid plant very closely resembled the tetraploid G. tomentella, PI 441005. Compared with hexaploids, the pentaploid plant was less vigorous for several morphological traits. However, it was not possible to distinguish visually among 4x, 5x, and 6x plants. Intergenomic chromosome pairing was followed in hexaploid (A–A, Ax–Ax, D–D) and pentaploid (A, Ax–Ax, D–D) plants. Despite a close similarity between A and Ax genomes (A- and Ax-genome chromosomes pair normally in the absence of their homologues) meiotic stages were highly abnormal in the pentaploid, with univalents, laggards, and micronuclei, but the plant set normal pods and seeds. The pentaploid plant did not breed true, as chromosomes in the 14 examined plants of the progeny ranged from 2n = 86 to 97. Furthermore, progeny of a plant with 2n = 90 segregated for plants with 2n = 81–86. These results indicate that the preferential elimination of G. canescens (A genome) chromosomes is rapid and eventually AxAxDD genome chromosomes will prevail. Thus, pentaploids will stabilize at the tetraploid level.Key words: Glycine spp., allopolyploidy, chromosome pairing, genome.

LEAF ESTERASE ISOZYMES IN AVENA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE GENOMES

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris L. Craig ◽  
Beatrice E. Murray ◽  
Tibor Rajhathy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Esterase Isozymes ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Esterase Patterns

Leaf esterase patterns of natural populations of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Avena species were separated by disc electrophoresis. The zymotypes of the A genome diploids A. hirtula, A. strigosa and A. longiglumis differed from the C genome diploids A. pilosa and A. ventricosa. The tetraploids A. barbata, A. magna and A. murphyi had distinctive zymotypes. The A. barbata zymotype resembled the A genome diploids which supports the cytological evidence for homoeology between the genomes. Avena magna and A. murphyi were a combination of the A and C diploid patterns with A. murphyi resembling the C more than the A pattern. The zymotypes of the hexaploids A. sterilis and A. sativa revealed the expected A, C and AC genome ancestry. Band affinity ratings within and between genomic groups agreed with the cytological evidence and cross-compatible relationships, the exception being the C — AC species that have high affinity ratings but are apparently cross-incompatible.

scholarly journals Ecological factors and morphological traits are associated with repeated genomic differentiation between lake and stream stickleback

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1777) ◽  
pp. 20180241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Rennison ◽  
Yoel E. Stuart ◽  
Daniel I. Bolnick ◽  
Catherine L. Peichel
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Wide Scale

The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes in independent populations (i.e. parallel or convergent evolution) provides an opportunity to identify genetic and ecological factors that influence the process of adaptation. Threespine stickleback fish ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) are an excellent model for such studies, as they have repeatedly adapted to divergent habitats across the Northern hemisphere. Here, we use genomic, ecological and morphological data from 16 independent pairs of stickleback populations adapted to divergent lake and stream habitats. We combine a population genomic approach to identify regions of the genome that are likely under selection in these divergent habitats with an association mapping approach to identify regions of the genome that underlie variation in ecological factors and morphological traits. Over 37% of genomic windows are repeatedly differentiated across lake–stream pairs. Similarly, many genomic windows are associated with variation in abiotic factors, diet items and morphological phenotypes. Both the highly differentiated windows and candidate trait windows are non-randomly distributed across the genome and show some overlap. However, the overlap is not significant on a genome-wide scale. Together, our data suggest that adaptation to divergent food resources and predation regimes are drivers of differentiation in lake–stream stickleback, but that additional ecological factors are also important. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.

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