Phylogenetic relationships of species of genus Arachis based on genic sequences

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohao He ◽  
Noelle A. Barkley ◽  
Yongli Zhao ◽  
Mei Yuan ◽  
C.S. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
D Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

The genus Arachis (Fabaceae), which originated in South America, consists of 80 species. Based on morphological traits and cross-compatibility among the species, the genus is divided into nine taxonomic sections. Arachis is the largest section including the economically valuable cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea). Seven genic sequences were utilized to better understand the phylogenetic relationships between species of genus Arachis. Our study displayed four clades of species of Arachis. Arachis triseminata was genetically isolated from all other species of Arachis studied, and it formed the basal clade with A. retusa and A. dardani from the most ancient sections Extranervosae and Heteranthae, respectively. Species of section Arachis formed a separated single clade from all other species, within which species having B and D genome clustered in one subgroup and three species characterized with an A genome grouped together in another subgroup. A divergent clade including species from five sections was sister to the clade of section Arachis. Between the sister clades and the basal clade there was a clade containing species from the more advanced sections. Phylogenetic relationships of all the species of Arachis using multiple genic sequences were similar to the phylogenies produced with single-copy genes.

Phylogenetic analysis of C, M, N, and U genomes and their relationships with Triticum and other related genomes as revealed by LMW-GS genes at Glu-3 loci

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunli Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Xiaozheng Wang ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Study Support

Phylogenetic relationships between the C, U, N, and M genomes of Aegilops species and the genomes of common wheat and other related species were investigated by using three types of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes at Glu-3 loci. A total of 20 LMW-GS genes from Aegilops and Triticum species were isolated, including 11 LMW-m type and 9 LMW-i type genes. Particularly, four LMW-m type and three LMW-i type subunits encoded by the genes on the C, N, and U genomes possessed an extra cysteine residue at conserved positions, which could provide useful information for understanding phylogenetic relationships among Aegilops and Triticum genomes. Phylogenetic trees constructed by using either LMW-i or the combination of LMW-m and LMW-s, as well as analysis of all the three types of LMW-GS genes together, demonstrated that the C and U genomes were closely related to the A genome, whereas the N and M genomes were closely related to the D genome. Our results support previous findings that the A genome was derived from Triticum uratu, the B genome was from Aegilops speltoides, and the D genome was from Aegilops tauschii. In addition, phylogenetic relationships among different genomes analysed in this study support the concept that Aegilops is not monophyletic.

Chromosomal organization of a sequence related to LTR-like elements of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Avena species

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concha Linares ◽  
Antonio Serna ◽  
Araceli Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Chromosomal Organization ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Slot Blot Analysis ◽  
Copia Retrotransposons

A repetitive sequence, pAs17, was isolated from Avena strigosa (As genome) and characterized. The insert was 646 bp in length and showed 54% AT content. Databank searches revealed its high homology to the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of the specific family of Ty1-copia retrotransposons represented by WIS2-1A and Bare. It was also found to be 70% identical to the LTR domain of the WIS2-1A retroelement of wheat and 67% identical to the Bare-1 retroelement of barley. Southern hybridizations of pAs17 to diploid (A or C genomes), tetraploid (AC genomes), and hexaploid (ACD genomes) oat species revealed that it was absent in the C diploid species. Slot-blot analysis suggested that both diploid and tetraploid oat species contained 1.3 × 104 copies, indicating that they are a component of the A-genome chromosomes. The hexaploid species contained 2.4 × 104 copies, indicating that they are a component of both A- and D-genome chromosomes. This was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses using pAs17, two ribosomal sequences, and a C-genome specific sequence as probes. Further, the chromosomes involved in three C-A and three C-D intergenomic translocations in Avena murphyi (AC genomes) and Avena sativa cv. Extra Klock (ACD genomes), respectively, were identified. Based on its physical distribution and Southern hybridization patterns, a parental retrotransposon represented by pAs17 appears to have been active at least once during the evolution of the A genome in species of the Avena genus.Key words: chromosomal organization, in situ hybridization, intergenomic translocations, LTR sequence, oats.

scholarly journals Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Serna-Sánchez ◽  
Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar ◽  
Diego Bogarín ◽  
María Fernanda Torres-Jimenez ◽  
Astrid Catalina Alvarez-Yela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
First Time

AbstractRecent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between the subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most of the tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes and genera for which phylogenetic relationships have not ever been tested in a phylogenomic context. To address these knowledge-gaps, we here provide the most extensively sampled analysis of the orchid family to date, based on 78 plastid coding genes representing 264 species, 117 genera, 18 tribes and 28 subtribes. Divergence times are also provided as inferred from strict and relaxed molecular clocks and birth–death tree models. Our taxon sampling includes 51 newly sequenced plastid genomes produced by a genome skimming approach. We focus our sampling efforts on previously unplaced clades within tribes Cymbidieae and Epidendreae. Our results confirmed phylogenetic relationships in Orchidaceae as recovered in previous studies, most of which were recovered with maximum support (209 of the 262 tree branches). We provide for the first time a clear phylogenetic placement for Codonorchideae within subfamily Orchidoideae, and Podochilieae and Collabieae within subfamily Epidendroideae. We also identify relationships that have been persistently problematic across multiple studies, regardless of the different details of sampling and genomic datasets used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Our study provides an expanded, robust temporal phylogenomic framework of the Orchidaceae that paves the way for biogeographical and macroevolutionary studies.

scholarly journals A Microsatellite Map of Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S Röder ◽  
Victor Korzun ◽  
Katja Wendehake ◽  
Jens Plaschke ◽  
Marie-Hélène Tixier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Microsatellite Map ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Primer Sets

Abstract Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is one of the world's most important crop plants and displays a very low level of intraspecific polymorphism. We report the development of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers using procedures optimized for the large wheat genome. The isolation of microsatellite-containing clones from hypomethylated regions of the wheat genome increased the proportion of useful markers almost twofold. The majority (80%) of primer sets developed are genome-specific and detect only a single locus in one of the three genomes of bread wheat (A, B, or D). Only 20% of the markers detect more than one locus. A total of 279 loci amplified by 230 primer sets were placed onto a genetic framework map composed of RFLPs previously mapped in the reference population of the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) Opata 85 × W7984. Sixty-five microsatellites were mapped at a LOD >2.5, and 214 microsatellites were assigned to the most likely intervals. Ninety-three loci were mapped to the A genome, 115 to the B genome, and 71 to the D genome. The markers are randomly distributed along the linkage map, with clustering in several centromeric regions.

scholarly journals Isolation of Neurospora crassa A mating type mutants by repeat induced point (RIP) mutation.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
N L Glass ◽  
L Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Heterokaryon Incompatibility ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Ascospore Formation

Abstract In the filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa, mating type is regulated by a single locus with alternate alleles, termed A and a. The mating type alleles control entry into the sexual cycle, but during vegetative growth they function to elicit heterokaryon incompatibility, such that fusion of A and a hypha results in death of cells along the fusion point. Previous studies have shown that the A allele consists of 5301 bp and has no similarity to the a allele; it is found as a single copy and only within the A genome. The a allele is 3235 bp in length and it, too, is found as a single copy within the a genome. Within the A sequence, a single open reading frame (ORF) of 288 amino acids (mt A-1) is thought to confer fertility and heterokaryon incompatibility. In this study, we have used repeat induced point (RIP) mutation to identify functional regions of the A idiomorph. RIP mutations in mt A-1 resulted in the isolation of sterile, heterokaryon-compatible mutants, while RIP mutations generated in a region outside of mt A-1 resulted in the isolation of mutants capable of mating, but deficient in ascospore formation.

scholarly journals Isolation and Sequencing of a Single Copy of an Introgressed Chromosome From a Complex Genome for Gene and SNP Identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cushla J Metcalfe ◽  
Jingchuan Li ◽  
Bangyou Zheng ◽  
Jiri Stiller ◽  
Adam Healey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Flow Karyotype ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Complex Genome

Abstract The large complex genomes of many crops constrain the use of new technologies for genome-assisted selection and genetic improvement. One method to simplify a genome is to break it into individual chromosomes by flow cytometry, however, in many crop species most chromosomes cannot be isolated individually. Flow sorting of a single copy of a chromosome has been developed in wheat and here we demonstrate its use to identify markers of interest in an Erianthus/Sacchurum hybrid. Erianthus/Saccharum hybrids are of interest because Erianthus is known to be highly resistant to soil borne diseases which cause extensive sugarcane yield losses in Australia. Sugarcane (Saccharum) cultivars are autopolyploids with a highly complex genome and over 100 chromosomes. Flow cytometry for sugarcane, as in most crops, does not resolve individual chromosomes to a karyotype peak for sorting. To isolate a single chromosome, we used genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) to identify the flow karyotype region containing the Erianthus chromosomes, flow sorted single chromosomes from this region, PCR screened for the Erianthus chromosomes and sequenced them. One Erianthus chromosome amplified and sequenced well, and from this data we could identify 57 resistant type genes and SNPs in nearly half of these genes. We developed KASP SNP assays and demonstrated that the identified SNP markers segregated as expected in a small introgression population. The pipeline we developed here to flow sort and sequence single chromosomes could be used in any crop with a large complex genome to rapidly discover and develop markers to important loci.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes for five Dicliptera species (Acanthaceae): molecular structure, phylogenetic relationships, and adaptive evolution

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunan Huang ◽  
Xuejun Ge ◽  
Asunción Cano ◽  
Betty Gaby Millán Salazar ◽  
Yunfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes

The genus Dicliptera (Justicieae, Acanthaceae) consists of approximately 150 species distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Newly obtained chloroplast genomes (cp genomes) are reported for five species of Dilciptera (D. acuminata, D. peruviana, D. montana, D. ruiziana and D. mucronata) in this study. These cp genomes have circular structures of 150,689–150,811 bp and exhibit quadripartite organizations made up of a large single copy region (LSC, 82,796–82,919 bp), a small single copy region (SSC, 17,084–17,092 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,401–25,408 bp). Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content makes up 37.9%–38.0% of the total content. The complete cp genomes contain 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparative analyses of nucleotide variability (Pi) reveal the five most variable regions (trnY-GUA-trnE-UUC, trnG-GCC, psbZ-trnG-GCC, petN-psbM, and rps4-trnL-UUA), which may be used as molecular markers in future taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses of Dicliptera. A total of 55-58 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 229 long repeats were identified in the cp genomes of the five Dicliptera species. Phylogenetic analysis identified a close relationship between D. ruiziana and D. montana, followed by D. acuminata, D. peruviana, and D. mucronata. Evolutionary analysis of orthologous protein-coding genes within the family Acanthaceae revealed only one gene, ycf15, to be under positive selection, which may contribute to future studies of its adaptive evolution. The completed genomes are useful for future research on species identification, phylogenetic relationships, and the adaptive evolution of the Dicliptera species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document