FRAGMENTS WITH ACCESSORY CHROMOSOME CHARACTERISTICS IN CULTIVATED BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. Sayed ◽  
S. B. Helgason ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Equatorial Plate ◽  
Small Satellite ◽  
Accessory Chromosome ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Germinal Tissue ◽  
Accessory Chromosomes

A number of fragment chromosomes were isolated from the progeny of barley triploids and their trisomic derivatives. They were smaller than normal barley telocentrics, with a globular appearance, and some carried a small satellite. Their number per cell varied in both somatic and germinal tissue. At meiosis, pairing was observed between fragments, but pairing with the normal chromosomes was virtually absent. Unlike normal chromosomes when univalent, the fragments were always positioned on the equatorial plate at MI. Paired fragments behaved normally, but univalent ones divided precociously, rarely lagging at MI. At second division, lagging occurred frequently, with micronuclei forming at the quartet stage. Fertility was reduced substantially only in plants carrying more than one fragment. The behavior of these fragments in general conformed to that of "accessory chromosomes." They were assumed to have arisen from normal chromosomes which had lost their pairing arms, and/or from fragmentation of satellited telocentrics.

scholarly journals Importance of the Secondary Genepool in Barley Genetics and Breeding. I. Cytogenetics and Molecular Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickering ◽  
A. Johnston P ◽  
B. Ruge
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cultivated Barley

There have been no plant breeding developments using species from the tertiary genepool of cultivated barley for breeding or genetics since the VIII<sup>th</sup> International Barley Genetics Symposium in 2000. Hence, the first part of this review describes progress since 2000 in developing and characterising recombinant lines derived from hybridisations between the sole species in the secondary genepool, Hordeum bulbosum L., and cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L. The topics discussed in part I are cytogenetics and molecular analysis of recombinant lines. &nbsp;

Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 nucleotide sequence in wild and cultivated barley

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xifeng Ren ◽  
Yonggang Wang ◽  
Songxian Yan ◽  
Dongfa Sun ◽  
Genlou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Lateral Spikelet ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Barley Population

Spike morphology is a key characteristic in the study of barley genetics, breeding, and domestication. Variation at the six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) locus is sufficient to control the development and fertility of the lateral spikelet of barley. To study the genetic variation of vrs1 in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), nucleotide sequences of vrs1 were examined in 84 wild barleys (including 10 six-rowed) and 20 cultivated barleys (including 10 six-rowed) from four populations. The length of the vrs1 sequence amplified was 1536 bp. A total of 40 haplotypes were identified in the four populations. The highest nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity were observed in the Southwest Asian wild barley population. The nucleotide diversity, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity in two-rowed barley were higher than those in six-rowed barley. The phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 sequences partially separated the six-rowed and the two-rowed barley. The six-rowed barleys were divided into four groups.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci associated with morphological and agronomic trait differences in a wild by cultivated barley cross

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 714-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gyenis ◽  
S.J. Yun ◽  
K.P. Smith ◽  
B.J. Steffenson ◽  
E. Bossolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Glume Length ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum is the progenitor of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Domestication combined with plant breeding has led to the morphological and agronomic characteristics of modern barley cultivars. The objective of this study was to map the genetic factors that morphologically and agronomically differentiate wild barley from modern barley cultivars. To address this objective, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with plant height, flag leaf width, spike length, spike width, glume length in relation to seed length, awn length, fragility of ear rachis, endosperm width and groove depth, heading date, flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, and kernel color in a Harrington/OUH602 advanced backcross (BC2F8) population. This population was genotyped with 113 simple sequence repeat markers. Thirty QTLs were identified, of which 16 were newly identified in this study. One to 4 QTLs were identified for each of the traits except glume length, for which no QTL was detected. The portion of phenotypic variation accounted for by individual QTLs ranged from about 9% to 54%. For traits with more than one QTL, the phenotypic variation explained ranged from 25% to 71%. Taken together, our results reveal the genetic architecture of morphological and agronomic traits that differentiate wild from cultivated barley.

SSR analysis of introgression of drought tolerance from the genome of Hordeum spontaneum into cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp vulgare)

Euphytica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lakew ◽  
R. J. Henry ◽  
J. Eglinton ◽  
M. Baum ◽  
S. Ceccarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare Ssp

Comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in wild and cultivated barley

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saghai Maroof ◽  
Ruslan Biyashev ◽  
Qifa Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

This study was undertaken to assess the relative level of molecular diversity between cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare (HV), and one of its wild relatives, H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (HS), and to identify possible restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns that may provide information concerning the phylogenetic relationship between these two barley groups. A total of 363 barley accessions were assayed, including 95 entries of HV collected from 36 major barley growing countries of the world and 268 entries of HS from 25 natural populations in Israel and Iran. The 26 RFLP marker loci used in the survey represent single-copy, low-copy, and repetitive DNA sequences and mark all of the chromosome arms. A randomization test, on the basis of equal sample sizes, showed that HS is more polymorphic than HV, as evaluated by the number of alleles and diversity indices. The analysis also indicated extensive RFLP differentiation between these two barley groups; highly significant differences of allele frequencies were detected at the majority of the loci. The HV sample can be subdivided according to winter or spring growth habits, and two- or six-rowed spikes. Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in these subgroups showed that levels of diversity were about equal in spring and winter groups and also in the groups with two- and six-rowed spikes. However, significant differences of allelic frequencies were detected between subgroups of the two divisions.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, genetic diversity, germplasm.

scholarly journals Agro-morphological traits-based genetic diversity assessment in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace collections from Bale highlands, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fekadu Gadissa ◽  
Meskerem Abebe ◽  
Tesfaye Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Abstract Background Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the world’s important cereal crops. Ethiopia is claimed to be the centre of origin due to its high phenotypic diversity and flavonoid patterns. It is widely cultivated on subsistence bases and important in supporting the livelihood of local poor. However, the local landraces are currently under threat of severing genetic erosion. Hence, assessing the extents of its genetic diversity is timely in improvement and conservation. Methodology 120 representative cultivated barley landraces have been collected from Bale highlands, Ethiopia, and tested at two locations using alpha lattice design. Data were collected on 21 agro-morphometric traits and analysed using MINITAB 19, SAS 9.4 and FigTree v1.4.3. Results Most morphotypes in each of the qualitative traits considered and mean performance values in most of the quantitative traits revealed wide range of variations suggesting existence of phenotypic diversity among the landraces. Analysis of variance also showed significant variations among the landraces. All the traits, except days to maturity and plant height showed a significant variation for location and treatment-location interactions revealing the high impact of environmental conditions on the variations. Estimates of the variance components also revealed a wider range of variations in most of the traits considered with eventual medium to low genotypic (GCV), phenotypic (PCV) and genotype–environment coefficients of variation (GECV). Estimates of heritability in broad sense (H2) is low (< 40%) in all the traits except in days to maturity. Grouping of the landraces showed poor geographic areas of collection-based pattern suggesting extensive gene flow among the areas. Conclusion The landraces evaluated in the present study showed high morphological diversity. However, the effect of environment factor is pronounced and thus, multiple locations and years with large number of samples must be considered to exploit the available genetic-based variations for breeding and conservation of the crop.

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