DIFFERENTIAL GIEMSA STAINING OF THE TELOMERES OF ALLIUM CEPA CHROMOSOMES: OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO CHROMOSOME PAIRING

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Stack ◽  
C. R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Giemsa Staining

We have used a Giemsa staining technique, which is thought to indicate the site of repetitive DNA and constitutive heterochromatin, to stain the telomeres of Allium cepa chromosomes differentially. These differentially stained telomeres are equally visible throughout the mitotic cycle including interphase. We observed fusions of telomeres that included both homologous and non-homologous associations. Evidence that repetitive DNA plays a role in chromosome pairing is presented.

HETEROCHROMATIC CONNECTIVES BETWEEN THE CHROMOSOMES OF SECALE CEREALE

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. Godin ◽  
Stephen M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Chromosome Associations

A Giemsa staining technique that is thought to indicate the site of constitutive heterochromatin and repetitive DNA was used to stain the telomeres of Secale cereale (rye) chromosomes. Heterochromatic telomeres are visible throughout the mitotic cycle, and fusions and connections were observed between telomeres during prophase and metaphase. These observations are consistent with an earlier report of heterochromatic connections between telomeres of Allium cepa chromosomes and support the hypothesis that constitutive heterochromatin and repetitive DNA may be involved in chromosome associations.

PERICENTROMERIC CHROMOSOME BANDING IN HIGHER PLANTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Stack ◽  
C. R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Plantago Ovata

By using a modified Giemsa staining technique, which is thought to indicate the presence of repetitive DNA, pericentric heterochromatin was stained in the chromosomes of two plant species, Plantago ovata and Allium cepa. Apparently in plants, just as in animals, there is a tendency for constitutive heterochromatin and repetitive DNA to associate with chromosome centromeres.

The constitutive heterochromatin in chromosomes of Fritillaria sp., as revealed by Giemsa banding

1978 ◽  
Vol 285 (1004) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New World ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
World Species

The incidence of C-bands (constitutive heterochromatin), as determined by differential Giemsa staining, was studied in the chromosomes of 56 species, varietal forms and subgenera of Fritillaria and 30 of them are illustrated. With the exception of the subgenera Korolkowi , a supposed link between lilies and fritillaries, the chromosome complements of all plants contained bands. There were wide differences in the size and number of these bands among species both within and between groups. In those with the largest and most abundant bands, there was a pronounced tendency for centromeric localization, both in Old and New World species. The Giemsapositive centromeres were masked when this occurred. Heteromorphy in respect of banding occurred in most species. The relation of repetitive DNA sequences with heterochromatin is discussed, as is also the problem of evolution in Fritillaria .

Dilemma of genome relationship in the diploid species Thinopyrum bessarabicum and Thinopyrum elongatum (Triticeae: Poaceae)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem P. Jauhar
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
5S Dna ◽  
Thinopyrum Bessarabicum ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence on the relationship of the J genome of diploid Thinopyrum bessarabicum and the E genome of diploid Thinopyrum elongatum (= Lophopyrum elongatum) is discussed. Low chromosome pairing between J and E at different ploidy levels, suppression of J–E pairing by the Ph1 pairing regulator that inhibits homoeologous pairing, complete sterility of the diploid hybrids (JE), karyotypic differentiation of the two genomes and differences in their biochemical organization as reflected in total content and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, and marked differences in isozymes, 5S DNA, and rDNA indicate that J and E are distinct genomes. These genomes are homoeologous and not homologous. There is no justification for the merger of J and E genomes.Key words: chromosome pairing, Ph1 pairing regulator, C-banding, isozymes, 5S DNA, rDNA.

A study of heterochromatin in Drosophila nasuta by the 5-bromodeoxyuridine-giemsa staining technique

Chromosoma ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Lakhotia ◽  
J. K. Roy ◽  
Mahesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Drosophila Nasuta

Meiotic pairing in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Orellana ◽  
M. C. Cermeño ◽  
J. R. Lacadena
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Complex Process

Chromosome pairing was examined in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines using the C-banding technique. It was found that both rye and wheat chromosomes affect each other's homologous pairing. The strongest diminution of wheat pairing (measured as bound arms per cell) was produced by chromosome 5R of rye (7.5 and 7.2% in 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). The weakest diminution of wheat pairing was produced by chromosome 3R in the 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' addition line (1.1%). The diminution of rye chromosome pairing produced by wheat chromosomes ranges from 6.9 to 48.4% ('Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). When put into a wheat background, the rye chromosomes suffer a worse fate than the wheat chromosomes. For example, chromosome 6R reduces the wheat complement pairing in the 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition line by 3.8% but its own pairing is reduced by 41.4%. The decrease in pairing of both wheat and rye homologous chromosomes in addition and substitution lines is a complex process in which factors such as genes controlling meiotic pairing, constitutive heterochromatin, and cryptic wheat–rye interactions can play important roles.

G and/or C-bands in plant chromosomes?

1984 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
I. Schubert ◽  
R. Rieger ◽  
P. Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Plant Chromosomes ◽  
Nucleolus Organizing Region ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Simple Sequence

Similarities and differences become evident from comparisons of centromeric and non-centromeric banding patterns in plant and animal chromosomes. Similar to C and G-banding in animals (at least most of the reptiles, birds and mammals), centromeric and nucleolus-organizing region bands as well as interstitially and/or terminally located non-centromeric bands may occur in plants, depending on the kind and strength of pretreatment procedures. The last group of bands may sometimes be subdivided into broad regularly occurring ‘marker’ bands and thinner bands of more variable appearance. Non-centromeric bands in plants often correspond to blocks of constitutive heterochromatin that are rich in simple sequence DNA and sometimes show polymorphism; they thus resemble C-bands. However, most of these bands contain late-replicating DNA. Also they are sometimes rich A X T base-pairs, closely adjacent to each other and positionally identical to Feulgen+ and Q+ bands, thus being comparable to mammalian G-bands. Although banding that is reverse to the non-centromeric bands after Giemsa staining is still uncertain in plants, reverse banding patterns can be obtained with Feulgen or with pairs of A X T versus G X C-specific fluorochromes. It is therefore concluded that not all of the plant Giemsa banding patterns correspond to C-banding of mammalian chromosomes. Before the degree of homology between different Giemsa banding patterns in plants and G and/or C-bands in mammals is finally elucidated, the use of the neutral term ‘Giemsa band’, specified by position (e.g. centromeric, proximal, interstitial, terminal), is suggested to avoid confusion.

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