COMPONENTS OF GENETIC VARIATION FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN DIPLOID COTTON (G. HERBACEUM L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
M. S. Patil ◽  
S. W. Mensinkai
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Diploid Cotton ◽  
Seed Index

Genetic analysis of some quantitative traits of cotton through diallel cross technique revealed that both additive and dominant inheritance were important for all the seven characters studied excepting boll weight which showed predominantly nonadditive gene effects. However, the dominance component was higher than the additive component and overdominance was observed for all the seven characters studied. Therefore reciprocal recurrent selection is suggested for the improvement of yield in the present material.Heritability was relatively high for seeds per boll and lint index, medium for yield, and low for the remaining characters. The average frequency of positive and negative genes was asymmetrically distributed in the parents for all the seven characters. There were more dominant than recessive genes for all the characters except boll weight. The direction of dominance was positive for all the characters except yield and seed index. At least one group of dominant genes appeared to be responsible for the control of yield, boll number and seed index, while at least 5, 11 and 12 effective factors appeared to be controlling seeds per boll, lint index and lint per cent, respectively. But a large number of dominant factors was involved in the control of boll weight.

scholarly journals Identification of Heterotic Pairs by Full-Sib Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Maize Synthetic Populations on Turda CompositeA(B)(2) x Turda CompositeB(A)(2)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Andreea Daniela ONA ◽  
Ioan HAȘ ◽  
Ivan ILARIE ◽  
Voichița HAȘ ◽  
Nicolae TRITEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Selection Test

In the last 40 years, pre-breeding works induced, in more and more centers of maize breeding, full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection programmes to identify some heterotic pairs which can be sources for obtaining performance inbred lines. The aim is to identify the heterotic pairs with the best results according to the yield potential of maize, the breaking and falling resistance, and the grains moisture at the harvesting time. The creation programme of A and B composite population started at ARDS Turda in 1985. Inside of A composite came the next inbred lines: B73, A632, M117, TC209, T291, being from the B SSS heterotic group, and inside of B composite came the inbred lines Mo17, C103, TC 208, T248, W633, appreciated by us or being related to Lancaster Sure Crop heterotic group. The experimentation was done in two orientation comparative cultures, each one with 49 variants, in 4 repetitions; the comparative culture was a balanced quadratic grid of 7x7 type. From each culture were chosen the first six variants, which were evaluated according to the next characters: production potential, breaking and falling resistance, grains moisture at harvest. The presented results are a part from the second cycle of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection. Test crosses and self-pollinations were made on plants from the two composites which had two cobs; on the first cob from A Composite realised the cross with the corresponding plant from the B Composite, and from the plant panicle of the B Composite was collected pollen to pollinate the chosen plant from the A Composite. At the both plants from the crossing, the second cob was self-pollinated and kept in reserve until 2010, when the test crosses was experimented and were selected the pairs with the best results according to the above characters. Using the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection, we can successfully harnessing, simultaneously, the additive and non-additive gene effects.

Genetics of weather fleck in Nicotiana tabacum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Aycock Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Additive Gene

A 2-year study was conducted to investigate additive, dominance, and epistatic gene effects for weather fleck in Maryland tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). P1, P2, F1, F2, P1F1, and P2F1 population means from each of seven crosses were used to estimate gene effects. In general, additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of weather fleck than dominance or epistatic effects; however, in three of the seven crosses dominance and (or) epistatic gene effects were important. Adequate additive gene effects were present in five of the seven crosses to allow considerable progress towards selection of more weather fleck resistant lines. In two families, because of significant epistatic gene effects, the development of weather fleck resistant lines could be accomplished by producing doubled haploids from desirable F1 plants or by using a reciprocal recurrent selection program.

scholarly journals Inheritance of length and weight of mature larvae in six-parent diallel crosses of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
HA Rashid ◽  
MK Ahsan ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
I Mahfus
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm ◽  
Dominant Genes

Context: To gain a better understanding of the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of quantitative characters can be obtained through the use of diallel cross analytical approach for the choice of desirable parents and the formulation of an effective breeding programme. Objectives: The aim was to study the nature and magnitude of gene action of inheritance for quantitative traits, length and weight of mature larvae in B. mori through six-parent diallel cross analysis in four rearing seasons Materials and Methods: Six inbred varieties of B. mori were used as parents for a diallel cross. The experiment was conducted in four rearing seasons. Mature larval length (cm) and weight (gm) were collected for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed following the biometrical techniques proposed by Jinks and Hayman (1953), Hayman (1954), Dickinson and Jinks (1956) and Jhonson and Aksel (1964). Results: In the Hayman’s analysis of variance for length and weight of mature larvae the items ‘a’ and ‘b’ were found to be significant against all the three tests of significance. The item ‘b2’ was significant for the seasons S-2 and S-3 and the ‘b3’ item was significant for all the seasons. The Items ‘c’ and ‘d’ were insignificant in all the seasons. The regressions of Wr on Vr for majority of the seasons were significant but did not deviate significantly from unit slope. The varieties Nistari, Nistari oval (G) and NanNung7B of S-1, S-2 and S-4, and Nistari of S-3 for length of larvae and Nistari and Nistari oval (G) of S-1, S-2 and S-3 and Nistari, Nistari oval (G) and Nan Nung 7B of S-4 for larval weight possessed an excess of recessive genes of negative effect. But Nistari oval (G) in S-3 for LL possessed excess of recessive genes with positive effects. On the other hand BSRI-95, BSRI-98 and BV (high) in S-1, S-2 and S-4, and Nan Nung 7B, BSRI-98 and BV(high) in S-3 for LL and BSRI-95, BSRI-98 and BV(high) in S-1, S-2 and S-3, and BSRI-95 and BV(high) in S-4 for LW possessed an excess of dominant genes, which was positive in nature. In S-3 only BSRI-95 for LL and NanNung7B in S-1, S-2 and S-3 and BSRI-98 in S-4 for LW possessed an excess of dominant genes of negative nature. At least one group of dominant genes was involved in controlling these characters. The broad sense heritability was high in all seasons for both the characters whereas the narrow sense heritability was moderate for majority of the seasons except S-3 and S-4 for LW. Conclusion: High heritability, dominant and recessive gene effects suggest that these parents could be used to develop better lines in respect of larval characters investigated in this study and selection programmes will be effective in early generations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22522 J. bio-sci. 21: 77-87, 2013

scholarly journals RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION COMPARED TO WITHIN-STRAIN SELECTION FOR INCREASING RATE OF EGG LAY OF TRIBOLIUM UNDER OPTIMAL AND STRESS CONDITIONS

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
Fernando Orozco ◽  
A E Bell
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Strain Selection ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Gene Effects

ABSTRACT A replicated comparison of reciprocal recurrent selection (rrs) based on crossbred performance and within strain-selection (wss) based on purebred performance was made in three diverse environments over ten generations for the improvement of a heterotic trait, 4-day virgin egg lay of Tribolium castaneum. A selection intensity of 20% based on performance in either an optimum (33°), a mild stress (38°), or a severe stress (28°) environment was applied uniformly. Periodically, the performance of each population was measured in all three environments to provide both direct and correlated responses.—Heritability of egg lay in the base population ranged from 0.36 ± 0.03 in optimum to 0.26 ± 0.03 in severe stress. Estimates of dominance effects assumed significant proportions in severe stress only. Genetic correlations for egg lay in diverse environments were large and positive (.6 to .8) .—Only in severe stress did the rrs response significantly exceed that for wss. Quadratic adjustments fitted t3 response curves revealed that small initial genetic gains under rrs were followed by significantly increasing rates of gain in late generations of selection. The reverse was true for wss. This and evidence from realized heritabilities and genetic correlations suggested that rrs had utilized both additive and dominance effects, but wss response was limited to additive effects.—These results agree with selection theory in demonstrating that purebred selection is mwe efficient than crossbred selection in utilizing additive gene effects. The latter method has merit when non-additive effects assume significant proportions, and this is the more probable case for severe stress conditions.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF SELECTION ALTERNATIVES TO PLATEAUED RESPONSE

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-496
Author(s):  
Wm P Brown ◽  
A E Bell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Gene Segregation ◽  
Egg Number

ABSTRACT Three alteriiative selection methods for extending selection limits or breaking respome plateaus were compared over ten generations in a replicated model experiment using two unrelated populations of Drosophila melunoguster that no longer responded to purebred selection for high egg number, a heterotic pclygenic trait. The three methods were: (1) reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) with selection within each of the plateaued populations based solely on crossbred performance, (2)a modification of reciprocal recurrent selection (MRRS) with selection within each population based on both purebred and crossbred performance, and (3)purebred selection within a new synthetic population formed by crossing the two plateaued populations.—Conflicting estimates were obtained for heritability of purebred egg number in each of the plateaued populations. The realized heritability values and estimates from diallel analyses indicated an absence ofadditive genetic variation for both populations; however, estimates from conventional intraclass correlation methods were positive. The diallel analyses revealed significant amounts of nonadditive gene effects for purebred egg number in each population, while the significant gene effects for crossbred egg numbers were additive. Estimates of the genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred egg number were negative (—0.85 ± 0.68 and -0.32 ± 0.25) for the two base populations.—All three alternatives to continued purebred selection gave significant responses, with the average gain pergeneration from MRRS being significantly superior to the other two methods. Observed purebred and crossbred responses under RRS were in agreement with quantitative genetic theory. Such was not the case for MRRS, which suggested the possibility of major gene segregation.—Evidence supparting a negative genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred performance and the possibility of overdominance is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Combining Ability of Pod Yield and Related Traits of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) under Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Shah-E-Alam ◽  
Md. Abdul Hamid ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
M. A. Malek
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Transgressive Segregants ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Pod Number

A study was performed using6×6F1diallel population without reciprocals to assess the mode of inheritance of pod yield and related traits in groundnut with imposed salinity stress. Heterosis was found for pod number and yield. Data on general and specific combining ability (gca and sca) indicated additive and nonadditive gene actions. The gca: sca ratios were much less than unity suggesting predominant role of nonadditive gene effects. Cultivars “Binachinabadam-2” and “Dacca-1” and mutant M6/25/64-82 had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod number, as well as gca values, respectively. These two cultivars and another mutant M6/15/70-19 also had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod yield, as well as gca values, respectively. Therefore, “Dacca-1”, “Binachinabadam-2”, M6/25/64-82, and M6/15/70-19 could be used as source of salinity tolerance. Cross combinations showing high sca effects arising from parents with high and low gca values for any trait indicate the influence of nonadditive genes on their expression. Parents of these crosses can be used for biparental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection for developing high yielding varieties. Crosses with high sca effects having both parents with good gca effects could be exploited by pedigree breeding to get transgressive segregants.

scholarly journals Efectos genéticos y heterosis en poblaciones parentales y poblaciones derivadas de maíz (Zea mays L)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
Enrique Navarro G. ◽  
Fernando Borrego E.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Generation Means

This study with the Gardner-Eberhart model (1966) involved eight maize parental populations and their related populations. The objectives were to estimate the cumulative gene effects (additive, dominance and heterotic) which could The justify support of a maize hybrid programo The grain yield inter-varietal dominance effects accounted for 55.54% of the generation means, suggesting large genetic variability within populations. Heterotic effects accounted for 12.11 %, indicating little difference in gene frequency for loci controlling grain yield. Plant height followed the same pattero as grain yield, since dominance effects were the most important. However, homozygote loci (aj) were important in explaining genetic variability for days to bloom and number of ears. For grain yield, the cross Pop. 32 x Pop. 21 maximized the heterotic effects. Population 21 exhibited a high average heterosis, so we suspect that its, combination with Popo 32 and CN(S)-C3, among others, would be a great genetic material for a Reciprocal Recurrent Selection Programo

scholarly journals Combined Dominance and Additive Gene Effects in Trait Inheritance of Drought-Stressed and Full Irrigated Popcorn

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Rosimeire Barboza Bispo ◽  
Jhean Torres Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dominant Genes

To define breeding strategies, the understanding of trait inheritance is critical. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of popcorn under different water regimes. To this end, Hayman’s diallel methodology was used, with 8 parents and 28 hybrids. The experiment was carried out under well-watered conditions (WW) and water stress (WS). For popping expansion (PE) under both water regimes, the effects of complete dominance and greater importance of the components associated with the dominance effects were observed. In contrast, the number of dominant genes was zero and the determination coefficient in the narrow sense was >50%; additive effects were also present. For the number of grains per row (GR), ear length (EL), and grain yield (GY) under WS and WW conditions, the dominance effects were the most relevant, and the mean degree of dominance with overdominance effects and greatest relevance of the components associated with this effect were also observed. The same breeding methods can be applied under the studied WS and WW conditions. Exploiting heterosis for GY and related components is a promising way to adapt popcorn to WS. To be able to capitalize on additive and dominance effects, a reciprocal recurrent selection is recommended.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis for Quantitative and Quality Characters in Three Single Crosses of Upland Cotton

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan KANNAN ◽  
Rajashekaran RAVIKESAVAN ◽  
Mahalingam GOVINDARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Seed Index

Gene effects were studied for 12 characters in three crosses of Gossypium hirsutum by six generation mean model to determine the potential for improvement of yield components and fiber quality in upland cotton. Additive genetic variance (gene action) was predominantly operating in the inheritance of boll weight, single plant yield, and lint index. In the presence of epistasis dominance and additive × additive gene effects were observed for boll weight, single plant yield, lint index, ginning outturn, 2.5 percent span length, bundle strength fineness and uniformity ratio. Boll weight, lint index, seed index, ginning outturn, fineness, bundle strength and uniformity ratio were predominantly under the control of dominance and dominance × dominance gene action. Duplicate type epistasis was noticed for all the studied characters and the possible breeding strategies for improvement of lint yield and quality traits were discussed.

scholarly journals Genetics of resistance to Fusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticilloides in maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Showkath Babu ◽  
H. C. Lohithaswa ◽  
A. Mohan Rao ◽  
N. Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Stalk Rot

Fusarium stalk rot disease (FSR), incited by Fusarium verticilloides, is becoming an important biotic production constraint in many major maize growing areas causing substantial yield losses. The present investigation was conducted to understand the genetics of resistance to FSR through six generation means and variances, as a first step in addressing the problem. Five crosses were developed by crossing four FSR susceptible inbreds (VL1043, VL108867, VL121096 and VL1218) with two resistant inbreds (CM202 and CM212). Six generations of the five crosses (VL1043 × CM212, VL108867 × CM202, VL121096 × CM212, VL1218 × CM202 and VL1218 × CM212) were evaluated through artificial disease inoculation during post rainy season of 2018 and summer, 2019. The scaling tests and joint scaling tests indicated the inadequacy of additive-dominance model and showed the presence of epistatic gene effects in all the five crosses for FSR resistance. The study further revealed the importance of additive, dominance and additive × additive gene effects in the expression of FSR. The magnitude and direction of the additive genetic effects [a], dominance genetic effects [d], magnitudes of additive genetic variance (2A) and dominance genetic variance (2D) varied with the genetic background of the crosses over seasons. Duplicate gene interaction was evident in the inheritance of FSR resistance. Both, additive and non-additive components were found important thus reciprocal recurrent selection would be more effective in obtaining FSR resistant maize inbred lines.

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