PARAMUTATION OF THE R LOCUS IN MAIZE TRISOMICS AND COMPARISON OF PARAMUTATION SYSTEMS IN MAIZE AND TOMATO

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Styles
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
B Locus ◽  
Allele Dosage ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Null Element

There is no effect of paramutable R allele dosage on the amount of paramutational change promoted by one paramutagenic allele in maize plants trisomic for chromosome 10 in which the R locus resides. It has been confirmed that paramutation at the R locus is not affected by chromosome 10 trisomy if one of the chromosomes carries a rg allele, which is a 'null' element with respect to paramutation. Paramutation systems at the R locus in maize, the B locus in maize, and the sulf locus in tomato, are compared.

scholarly journals Hungry for Sex: Differential Roles for Ustilago maydisb Locus Components in Haploid Cells vis à vis Nutritional Availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
R. Margaret Wallen ◽  
Kirsten Richardson ◽  
Madison Furnish ◽  
Hector Mendoza ◽  
Allison Dentinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
B Locus ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Receptor Interactions ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Nitrogen Sensing

Mating-types allow single-celled eukaryotic organisms to distinguish self from non-self in preparation for sexual reproduction. The components of mating-type loci provide initial self/non-self-recognition through pheromone and receptor interactions that control early cell fusion events. However, they may also provide a second level of scrutiny that requires differences in alleles leading to production of a transcription factor required for successful downstream developmental pathways after initial cell fusion. Interestingly, the protein subunits of these transcription factors have not been thoroughly examined for their roles, if any, in the haploid cells themselves. In Ustilago maydis, the causative agent of galls in maize plants, the b locus, encoding bEast (bE) and bWest (bW), components of the eventual requisite transcription factor, has been extensively studied for its role in formation of the stable dikaryon after mating and subsequent pathogenic program. Little is known, however, about any roles for bE or bW in haploid cells. Since mating in fungi is often induced under conditions of nitrogen starvation, we have explored connections between the b locus and the nitrogen-sensing and response pathways in U. maydis. We previously identified a connection in haploid cells between the b locus and Ump2, the high-affinity transceptor, a protein that both transports ammonium and triggers filamentous growth as a response to nitrogen starvation. Deletion of the entire b locus abrogates the filamentous response to low ammonium, a phenotype that is rescued by overexpression of Ump2. Here we further investigated the individual roles of bE and bW in haploid cells. We show that bE and bW are expressed differentially in haploid cells starved for ammonium. Their respective deletion elicits different effects on transcription of mating and pathogenic-related genes and, importantly, on the degree of pathogenic development in host plants. This is the first demonstration of a role for these mating locus components on haploid development and the first to demonstrate a connection to the ammonium transceptors.

Nutrient transfer between the root zones of soybean and maize plants connected by a common mycorrhizal mycelium

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor J. Bethlenfalvay ◽  
Maria G. Reyes-Solis ◽  
Susan B. Camel ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Maize Plants

Novel genes on rat chromosome 10 are linked to body fat mass, preadipocyte number and adipocyte size

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Weingarten ◽  
L Turchetti ◽  
K Krohn ◽  
M Kern ◽  
I Klöting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Novel Genes

scholarly journals Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aammar Tufail ◽  
María Touceda-González ◽  
Ilaria Pertot ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, which can fix nitrogen, plays a vital role in plant growth promotion. Previous authors have evaluated the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on plants subjected to different sources of abiotic stress on an individual basis. The present study aimed to appraise the effect of G. diazotrophicus inoculation on the amelioration of the individual and combined effects of drought and nitrogen stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted whereby treatments consisted of maize plants cultivated under drought stress, in soil with a low nitrogen concentration and these two stress sources combined, with and without G. diazotrophicus seed inoculation. The inoculated plants showed increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, plant nitrogen uptake, and water use efficiency. A general increase in copy numbers of G. diazotrophicus, based on 16S rRNA gene quantification, was detected under combined moderate stress, in addition to an increase in the abundance of genes involved in N fixation (nifH). Endophytic colonization of bacteria was negatively affected by severe stress treatments. Overall, G. diazotrophicus Pal5 can be considered as an effective tool to increase maize crop production under drought conditions with low application of nitrogen fertilizer.

Silicon Supplied Via Roots or Leaves Relieves Potassium Deficiency in Maize Plants

Silicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcilene Machado dos Santos Sarah ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Gelza Carliane Marques Teixeira ◽  
Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior ◽  
Robson Luis Silva de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Maize Plants

scholarly journals Assessment of physiological races of Exserohilum turcicum isolates from maize in Argentina and Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ludwig Navarro ◽  
Lucia Ramos Romero ◽  
María Belén Kistner ◽  
Juliana Iglesias ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physiological Races ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Resistance Reaction ◽  
Qualitative Resistance ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

AbstractNorthern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is one of the most important diseases in maize worldwide. It is caused by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum, which exhibits a high genetic variability for virulence, and hence physiological races have been reported. Disease control is based mainly on fungicide application and host resistance. Qualitative resistance has been widely used to control NCLB through the deployment of Ht genes. Known pathogen races are designated according to their virulence to the corresponding Ht gene. Knowledge about of E. turcicum race distribution in maize-producing areas is essential to develop and exploit resistant genotypes. Maize leaves showing distinct elliptical grey-green lesions were collected from maize-producing areas of Argentina and Brazil, and 184 monosporic E. turcicum isolates were obtained. A total of 66 isolates were collected from Argentina during 2015, 2018 and 2019, while 118 isolates from Brazil were collected during 2017, 2018 and 2019. All isolates were screened on maize differential lines containing Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 resistance genes. In greenhouse experiments, inoculated maize plants were evaluated at 14 days after inoculation. Resistance reaction was characterized by chlorosis, and susceptibility was defined by necrosis in the absence of chlorosis. The most frequent race was 0 in both Argentina (83%) and Brazil (65%). Frequencies of race 1 (6% and 24%) and race 23N (5% and 10%) were very low in Argentina and Brazil, respectively. The high frequency of race 0 isolates provides evidence that qualitative resistance based on the tested Ht genes is not being used extensively in Argentina and Brazil to control NCLB. This information may be relevant for growers and breeding programs as the incidence of NCLB is increasing in both countries.

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