GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF LOLIUM PERENNE L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
T. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Seedling Characters

Progenies from a five genotype diallel cross in Lolium perenne L. were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for seed weight, a number of seedling characters, and two adult plant characters.Variation in seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Gene action was additive, but some specific genetic effects were also present, suggesting possible interaction between the haploid pollen genome with a diploid ovular genome in the triploid endosperm, or alternatively between the developing seed and the female parent plant.Of the seedling characters (total germination, rate of germination, rate of leaf and tiller production, length of fifth leaf, and seedling dry matter production) only length of fifth leaf showed any additive variation which might be easily exploited.Adult plant production showed considerable variation which interacts with the season of assessment. However, the relative order of merit remained the same and only the magnitude of the differences in productivity between the families altered. This response was itself under simple genetic control.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS JUNCEUS)

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Additive Control

Progenies from a five-genotype diallel cross in Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for F1 seed weight and a number of seedling and adult plant characters. Variation in F1 seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Of the seedling characters, days to emerge, rate of leaf appearance, rate of tiller appearance, and seedling dry matter yield, only days to emerge showed additive variance which is amenable to direct selection. The other three characters could be most easily exploited by a recurrent selection program. The adult plant characters, date of inflorescence appearance, P content of the forage, and organic matter digestibility indicated strong additive control which is amenable to direct selection. Dry matter yield and seed yield also showed strong additive control which was accompanied by specific combining ability and weak maternal effects suggesting good progress should be possible by direct selection methods but crossing the selections in a diallel fashion prior to formation of synthetics might be desirable. The seedling characters, rate of leaf and tiller appearance and seedling dry matter yield were interrelated and associated with adult plant yield, thus offering the possibility of screening seedlings for these characters in a recurrent selection program for improved forage or seed yield.

THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF GENETIC AND MATERNAL CONTROL IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF LOLIUM PERENNE

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
T. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Maternal Control

The interrelationship of the maternal and genetic control for seed weight, rate of tiller production, length of fifth leaf, and total adult plant production in a 5 × 5 diallel cross of Lolium perenne L. were studied by estimation of the phenotypic, environmental, genetic, and maternal correlations. Genetic and maternal components of increased seed size lead to a reduction in tillering, leaf size and final production indicating that large seeds are not generally advantageous to growth and development. Environmental factors which promoted tillering also increased leaf length. Maternal control showed a similar pattern. However, genetic control indicated that the faster the tillering, the shorter the leaves, thus emphasizing the possible danger of considering only a single factor in selecting for increased yield. Phenotypic correlations indicate that total production was determined largely by tiller production with environmental factors influencing leaf length and tiller production. Neither genetic nor maternal control of tiller number or leaf size at the seedling stage greatly influenced final production, indicating that selection for either of these characters separately would not likely influence yield. The controls for maternal and additive genetic effects were found to be different. Maternal effects were strong and extended well beyond the influence of seed size effects.

Correlation of important seedling traits in cauliflower varieties and potential association with RAPD markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Ida A. Astarini ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Rachel A. Lancaster ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Seedling Characters

Cauliflower production is hindered by variation in curd quality and maturity. Morphological variation from seed to harvest is due to genetic variation interacting with environmental conditions and here the genetic factors were investigated. The aim of this study was to search for DNA markers linked to seedling traits, facilitating early selection of seedlings in cauliflower production. Cauliflower seed lines were germinated in Petri dishes (20°C, 7 days) and seedlings were transferred to pots and grown under glasshouse conditions. Seed weight and various seedling characters were measured until harvest at 6 weeks. DNA was extracted using the CTAB method and RAPD markers were identified using 17 primers. Multivariate analysis based on principal coordinates analysis was used to correlate morphological traits with molecular markers across cultivars. Markers associated with seed weight, germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were identified.

Genetic control of androgenetic response in Lolium perenne L.

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-G. Opsahl-Ferstad ◽  
Å. Bjørnstad ◽  
O. A. Rognli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

The genetic control of incompatibility in Lolium perenne L.

Genetica ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
A. J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

Germination ability and disease-resistance of turfgrasses as affected by different pesticides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. Белошапкина ◽  
М. Катушова
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

При оценке заражённости семян райграса (Lolium perenne L.), полевицы (Agrostis stolonifera L.) и мятлика (Poa pratensis L.), используемых для спортивных газонов, установлено, что основными патогенами, независимо от вида растений и сроков анализа, были грибы родов: Fusarium с частотой встречаемости 42 51, Alternaria 37 52, Penicillium 11 23, представители Mycelia sterilia 5 10. Методами рулонов и влажной камеры выявлено, что заражённость семян мятлика лугового была 28 32 при лабораторной всхожести 40 47 аналогичные показатели у райграса пастбищного были 58 64 и 84 89 соответственно у полевицы побегообразующей 53 58 и 80 82. В лабораторных условиях провели оценку воздействия фунгицидных протравителей Стрекар, ВРК (д.в. фитобактериомицин карбендазим), Фитолавин, ВРК (д.в комплекс стрептотрициновых антибиотиков фитобактериомицин), ТМТДплюс, КС (д.в. тирам иммуномодуляторы), Селест Топ, КС (д.в. тиаметоксам флудиоксонил дифеноконазол) на заражённость и всхожесть семян, развитие проростков. Максимально снизилась заражённость семян райграса после обработки препаратами ТМТДплюс и Селест Топ на 17,4 и 24 соответственно. Однако Селест Топ на 48,4 снижал длину колеоптиле, на 37,0 первого листа и на 12,3 корня по сравнению с контрольным вариантом. ТМТДплюс положительно повлиял на проростки райграса, увеличив длину корня на 7,3, колеоптиле на 15,6, первого листа на 50,1. Селест Топ также максимально (на 25,3) уменьшил заражённость семян мятлика лугового, показав биологическую эффективность 82,6, но при этом снизил всхожесть до 33, длину колеоптиле на 59,1 , корня на 53,2, листа на 51,9. ТМТДплюс и Стрекар проявили низкую биологическую эффективность, но увеличили длину побега на 12,4, колеоптиле на 5,7 . Фитолавин несущественно повлиял на заражённость семян и развитие проростков газонных трав. Seed tests revealed that ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were mainly affected by Fusarium spp. (42 51), Alternaria spp. (37 52), Penicillium spp. (11 23) and Mycelia sterilia (5 10) when growing sport turfgrass. Seeds of bluegrass were contaminated by 28 32, ryegrass 58 64 and bentgrass 53 58. Their germination rates amounted to 40 47 84 89 and 80 82, respectively. Seedling development, seed infection and germination rate were evaluated after fungicide application (Strekar, Fitolavin, TMTDplyus and Selest Top). Ryegrass infection highly decreased after TMTDplyus and Selest Top application by 17.4 and 24, respectively. Selest Top reduced length of coleoptile by 48.4, first leaf 37.0 and root 12.3. TMTDplyus positively affected ryegrass seedlings and increased length of root by 7.3, coleoptile 15.6, first leaf 50.1. Selest Top application led to the highest reduction in bluegrass infection (by 25.3), had biological effectiveness of 82.6 but decreased germination rate by 33, length of coleoptile 59.1, root 53.2, leaf 51.9. TMTDplyus and Strekar showed low biological efficiency but increased length of shoot by 12.4, coleoptile 5.7 . Fitolavin showed no significant effect on seed contamination and seedling development.

Effects of Stale Refuse from Informal Landfill on Seed Germination of Lolium perenne L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 1101-1105
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Xu Ya Peng ◽  
Gui Ju Wu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guo Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Sprout Length

It is critical to properly dispose and utilize aged waste from informal landfill in China currently. Seed germination experiments using Lolium perenne L. were carried out to investigate terrestrial ecotoxicity of the aged waste. 20%, 80% and 100% of aged waste were added to the culture medium, and distilled water and soil were uded as contrast. The results showed that aged waste could substantially improve the seed germination of Lolium perenne L. , and didn’t show toxic effects. The optimal proportion of aged waste in mixing matrix (aged waste and soil) was 80%, whose seed germination potential presented 52.0% and 24.0% higher, and germination rate presented 34.3% and 20.9% higher than that of in distilled water and soil substrate respectively. Meanwhile, aged waste could also facilitate the growth of root and sprout remarkably. The seeds grown in the optimal aged waste matrix increased their root length, sprout length and fresh mass by 316.4%, 108.4% and 100.1% in comparison to those grown in distilled water respectively. And the root length, sprout length and fresh mass of Lolium perenne L. grown in the optimail aged waste matrix were 50.0%, 46.9% and 74.0% higher than that of the control groups using soil as culture medium respectively. The experimental results indicated that land application could be a feasible approach for matured aged waste recycling.

Effect of bacterial fertilizers on the properties of a pseudomyceliar chernozem soil and on the biomass of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jakab ◽  
János Kátai ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

A tenyészedényes kísérletünket a DE AGTC MÉK Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet tenyészházában állítottuk be 2010. május 27-én. A kísérletben Debrecen-Látókép környékéről származó mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajt alkalmaztunk, amely az alábbi jellemzőkkel rendelkezett: KA: 37,5; leiszapolható rész: 51%; pH(KCl): 5,5; pH(H2O): 6,6; Hu%: 2,8; AL-P2O5: 140 mg·kg-1; AL-K2O: 316,3 mg·kg-1. Az adatok alapján a kísérleti talaj gyengén savanyú, vályog kötöttségű, közepes nitrogén- és foszfor-, valamint jó kálium-ellátottsággal rendelkezett. A kísérletben kontroll-, műtrágya-, valamint szalmakezelést alkalmaztunk, melyeket bizonyos kombinációkban három különböző baktériumkészítménnyel (Bactofil A, EM-1, Microbion UNC) egészítettünk ki. A kísérletet három ismétlésben véletlenblokk elrendezésben állítottuk be. A tesztnövény angolperje (Lolium perenneL.) volt. A kísérlet kezdetétől számított 8. héten a talaj-, valamint a növényminták begyűjtésére került sor. Meghatároztuk a növényminták száraztömegét, a növény foszfor- és káliumtartalmát, valamint a talajminták nitrát-, valamint AL-oldható foszfor- és káliumtartalmát. Eredményeink alapján főbb megállapításaink a következők: – Az angolperje száraztömegét a műtrágyakezelés szignifikánsan növelte. A hatás a tápelem-ellátottság javulásával magyarázható. – A növény foszforkoncentrációja a műtrágyázás következtében csökkent, amelyet a hígulási effektussal magyarázhatunk. – A növény káliumkoncentrációját a műtrágya-, valamint a műtrágya+baktériumtrágya kezelések szignifikánsan serkentették. – A talaj nitráttartalma szignifikánsan növekedett a műtrágyakezelés kivételével minden kezelésben. – A talaj AL-P2O5-tartalma az NPK-műtrágyázás és az EM-1 kezelés következtében statisztikailag igazolható mértékben megnövekedett, míg az AL-K2O-tartalom kizárólag a szalmakezelés hatására nőtt. A baktériumkészítmények önmagukban alkalmazva általában nem eredményeztek jelentős változást a vizsgált paraméterekben, azonban a készítmények szerves/ásványi anyagokkal kombinált adagolása esetében különböző mértékben befolyásolták a vizsgált mutatókat.

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