Correlation of important seedling traits in cauliflower varieties and potential association with RAPD markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Ida A. Astarini ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Rachel A. Lancaster ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Seedling Characters

Cauliflower production is hindered by variation in curd quality and maturity. Morphological variation from seed to harvest is due to genetic variation interacting with environmental conditions and here the genetic factors were investigated. The aim of this study was to search for DNA markers linked to seedling traits, facilitating early selection of seedlings in cauliflower production. Cauliflower seed lines were germinated in Petri dishes (20°C, 7 days) and seedlings were transferred to pots and grown under glasshouse conditions. Seed weight and various seedling characters were measured until harvest at 6 weeks. DNA was extracted using the CTAB method and RAPD markers were identified using 17 primers. Multivariate analysis based on principal coordinates analysis was used to correlate morphological traits with molecular markers across cultivars. Markers associated with seed weight, germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were identified.

Genetic relationships and variation among ecotypes of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Wei Liu ◽  
Robert L. Jarret ◽  
Ronny R. Duncan ◽  
Stephen Kresovich
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
The United States ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
High Level

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and variation among ecotypes of the turfgrass seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). Vegetative tissues or seeds of 46 seashore paspalum ecotypes were obtained from various locations in the United States, Argentina, and South Africa. Leaf DNA extracts were screened for RAPD markers using 34 10-mer random primers. A total of 195 reproducible RAPD fragments were observed, with an average of six fragments per primer. One hundred and sixty-nine fragments (87% of the total observed) were polymorphic, among which 27 fragments (16%) were present in three or less ecotypes, indicating the occurrence of a high level of genetic variation among the examined accessions of this species. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) and principal coordinates analysis were performed on the RAPD data set. The results illustrate genetic relationships among the 46 ecotypes, and between ecotypes and their geographical origins. Ecotypes from southern Africa could be differentiated from the U.S. and most of the Argentinean ecotypes. With a few exceptions, ecotypes collected from Argentina, Hawaii, Florida, and Texas were separated into distinct clusters.Key words: RAPDs, polymerase chain reaction, genetic diversity, phenetic analysis.

GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF LOLIUM PERENNE L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
T. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Seedling Characters

Progenies from a five genotype diallel cross in Lolium perenne L. were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for seed weight, a number of seedling characters, and two adult plant characters.Variation in seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Gene action was additive, but some specific genetic effects were also present, suggesting possible interaction between the haploid pollen genome with a diploid ovular genome in the triploid endosperm, or alternatively between the developing seed and the female parent plant.Of the seedling characters (total germination, rate of germination, rate of leaf and tiller production, length of fifth leaf, and seedling dry matter production) only length of fifth leaf showed any additive variation which might be easily exploited.Adult plant production showed considerable variation which interacts with the season of assessment. However, the relative order of merit remained the same and only the magnitude of the differences in productivity between the families altered. This response was itself under simple genetic control.

scholarly journals Effects of Water supply on Seed Development and Quality of Chickpea Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani ◽  
Saeid Ghassemi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

AbstractA split plot experiment (using RCB design) with three replications was conducted in 2012 and seed physiological quality of three chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) cultivars (Azad, Arman and Jame) was evaluated at seven stages under well and limited irrigation conditions. Maximum seed weight (mass maturity) was achieved at 40–45 days after flowering. However, maximum seed quality was obtained 7 to 10 days after mass maturity, depending on irrigation intervals and cultivars. At earlier harvests, because of immaturity, and at later harvests, due to ageing, seed quality was low. Seed filling rate and maximum seed weight of chickpea decreased with decreasing water supply, but water deficit had no significant effects on seed quality as measured by germination percentage, germination rate and seedling dry weight. Significant differences in seedling dry weight among chickpea cultivars were attributed to significant variation in seed weight affected by genetic constitution.

scholarly journals Clustering Analysis and Genome Inference of Pisang Raja Local Cultivars (Musa spp.) from Java Island by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati ◽  
Didik Wahyudi ◽  
Lia Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Cluster 2

Pisang Raja is an important local banana cultivar in the economy and cultural life in Indonesia, especially at Java. There are many Pisang Raja cultivars found on Java Island with various local names in each region, resulted in problems on taxonomic identification and grouping. Conventional research for grouping banana cultivars is still using morphological characters but considered inaccurate because of its subjectivity. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity, grouping, and genome estimation of 13 local cultivars of Pisang Raja based on molecular approach using RAPD markers (OPA primers 1-20). Clustering and Principal Coordinates Analysis were performed to the amplified products using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) application version 3.15. Results showed that there were 12 primers which successfully amplified and produced DNA polymorphic bands in Pisang Raja, specifically OPA 1, OPA 2, OPA 3, OPA 4, OPA 5, OPA 8, OPA 16, OPA 17, OPA 18, OPA 19, and OPA 20. Pisang Raja cultivars considered have high genetic diversity, indicated by high polymorphic bands (95.17%) and low similarity coefficient values (0.2-0.6). Clustering and PCo analysis resulted in 3 clusters following its genomic group consist of AAA, AAB and ABB genomes, with Pisang Raja Bali as an outgroup (ABB). However, the separation of each cluster for genome inference was unclear. Cluster 1 consists of Pisang Raja Madu (AAB) and Raja Sereh (AAB). Cluster 2 consists of AAA and AAB genomes; includes Pisang Raja Jambe (AAA), Raja Kriyak (AAA), Raja Kutuk (AAB), Raja Brentel (AAB), Raja Seribu (AAB), and Raja Lini (AAB). Cluster 3 consists of AAA and AAB genomes, includes Pisang Raja Kisto (AAA), Raja Delima (AAA), Raja Bandung (AAB) and Raja Gareng (AAB). While Pisang Monyet (AAw) and Klutuk Wulung (BBw) as wild relatives were nested in Cluster 2. There were some different results of genome estimation based on RAPD markers compared to morphological characterization, and other molecular techniques. The use of RAPD markers is quite efficient and effective for studying genetic diversity and identifying genomes in bananas.

Rhizobium screening of Stylosanthes species for effectiveness in nitrogen fixation

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Date ◽  
DO Norris
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Glasshouse Screening

The Rhizobium strain specificity and effectiveness in nitrogen fixation of 336 accessions of the genus Stylosanthes were determined in glasshouse screening trials. In preliminary screening, against a wide-spectrum strain CB756, 224 accessions were effective (> 50% dry weight of nitrogen control). Sixty-two of these were evaluated subsequently against a spectrum of 22 strains of Rhizobium selected on the basis of host and geographic origins. Thirty-three were effective with 10 or more strains. Seventy-two accessions that were ineffectively nodulated in preliminary tests were also screened against the 22 strains. Fifty-four of these were effective with one or more strains of Rhizobium. A minimum spanning tree (MST) analysis was used to examine the interrelationships between, and the distribution of, accessions according to their effectiveness response (ER) to the 22 strains of Rhizobium. Accessions were classified into six groups, also according to their effectiveness response, by the program MULTBET. Groups I–IV were nodulated effectively by a large number of strains (mean 9.4) and groups V and VI by a limited number of strains (mean 1.3). Significant and wide-ranging Stylosanthes accession x strain of Rhizobium interactions for effectiveness in nitrogen fixation were observed, particularly in S. guianensis and S. hamata. Various reclassifications were made by MULTBET on a reduced number of strains which were selected on the basis of discriminatory powers between groups (eident values), contribution to the classification (Cramér measures) and intuitively on the basis of level of effectiveness specificity and soil pH adaption. Classifications based on Cramér measures gave least (9%) non-conforming accessions, but intuitively selected strains the widest range of effective associations. The majority of non-conforming accessions were found in effectiveness response groups ER-III and ER-IV and were mostly S. guianensis from M–A groups 2 and 14 andS. hamata M–A 28. For future screening programs strains CB 82, CB 159, CB 530, CB 756, CB 1408 and CB 2126 will be used as diagnostic strains for classification of accessions by effectiveness response, and strains CB 82, CB 1650 and CB 2126 as 'key strains' for provision of inocula for experimental purposes.Classification of strains of Rhizobium into six groups was obtained by a MULTCLAS analysis of the data matrix. A principal coordinates analysis suggested distinct clustering of strains on the basis of host specificity for effective nodulation. These corresponded very closely to the six classificatory groups.

scholarly journals Diversity within American cassava germ plasm based on RAPD markers

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Colombo ◽  
Gérard Second ◽  
André Charrier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates

This work focuses on the genetic diversity of American cassava through RAPD molecular markers. The 126 genotypes studied were distributed on four geographical levels ranging from local to continental. Samples included ethnocultivars from the Santa Isabel community in the Brazilian Amazon, local cultivars collected in the State of São Paulo, native accessions from very diverse Brazilian regions, and representative accessions from the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) core collection. Eighty-eight polymorphic bands were analyzed. Results revealed the weak genetic structure of the cassava analyzed. The pattern formed by the first two axes of the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed an overlapping of the São Paulo State genotype, the Brazilian group and the core collection accessions. The Santa Isabel ethnocultures formed a separate group. The weak genetic structure of cassava can be explained by the common practice of exchanging botanical material among small producers as well as by recombinations among genotypes. When the genotypes were analyzed using climatic data, the sample sites were found to be structured according to temperature and precipitation. RAPD markers proved very useful in the genetic diversity study, resulting in important implications for cassava germ plasm collections and genetic breeding.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of sesame germplasms of West Bengal, India using RAPD markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Soumen Saha ◽  
Tarak Nath Dhar ◽  
Parthadeb Ghosh ◽  
Tulsi Dey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Coordinates

The aim of this research was to assess the genetic diversity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and also to reveal the genetic relationships using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fifteen sesame germplasms were collected from seven districts or four zones of West Bengal, India. A high genetic diversity was revealed by ten RAPD primers within and among the fifteen germplasms. The value of Jaccard’s similarity coefficients among and within the fifteen germplasms ranged from 0.287 to 0.725 which indicated high degree of genetic variability. Cluster analysis using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) grouped all the germplasms into three main clusters. Analysis of various genetic diversity indices strongly indicated high level of genetic diversity among the populations of four different regions. UPGMA analysis of four populations resulted into two groups and the results of Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) depicted a clear distinction among the germplasms.

scholarly journals Extreme homogeneity among Brazilian wheat genotypes determined by RAPD markers

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2255-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORETA BRANDÃO DE FREITAS ◽  
LEANDRO JERUSALINSKY ◽  
SANDRO LUIS BONATTO ◽  
FRANCISCO MAURO SALZANO
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Improvement Programs

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used to estimate the variability of 14 genotypes of Brazilian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), using a set of 50 random 10mer primers. A total of 256 reproducibly scorable DNA amplification products were obtained from 48 of the primers, 83% of which were polymorphic. Genetic distances among genotypes were calculated and a dendrogram and a principal coordinates analysis showing the genetic relationships among them were obtained. Despite the low variability found (average genetic distance of 27%), two groups of genotypes could be identified, which probably reflect how they were formed. Studies such as this one may be important in the planning and development of future improvement programs for this plant species.

The study of important agronomic traits by multivariate analysis in winter rapeseed cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Gader Ghaffari ◽  
Farhad Baghbani ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Eigenvalue ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In order to group winter rapeseed cultivars according to evaluated traits, an experiment was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tabriz - IRAN. In the experiment were included 12 cultivars of winter rapeseed and 3 levels of water deficit stress. Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil moisture. Water deficit stress was imposed from stem elongation to physiological maturity. According to the principal component analysis, five principal components were chosen with greater eigenvalue (more than 0.7) that are including 81.34% of the primeval variance of variables. The first component that explained the 48.02% of total variance had the high eigenvalue. The second component could justify about 13.64% of total variance and had positive association with leaf water potential and proline content and had negative relationship with leaf stomatal conductivity. The third, fourth and fifth components expressed around, 10.18, 4.83 and 4.68% of the total variance respectively. The third component had the high eigenvalue for plant dry weight. The fourth component put 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Silique per Plant and root dry weight against plant dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf water potential. The fifth component had the high eigenvalue for root dry weight, root volume and 1000-seed weight.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

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