GENETICS OF A PRIMARY TRISOMIC SERIES IN BARLEY: IDENTIFICATION BY PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McDaniel ◽  
R. T. Ramage
Keyword(s):  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Primary Trisomics

Disc electrophoresis of seed proteins identified the extra chromosome involved in primary trisomics of barley. Each of the seven primary trisomics could be distinguished from diploids and from each other. Electrophoresis provided a precise biochemical criterion for identification of trisomics.

TRISOMICS OF AVENA STRIGOSA

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Rajhathy
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Primary Trisomics ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Dosage Effects ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Small Seed

A set of seven primary trisomics and seven derived types were produced in Avena strigosa Schreb., a diploid oat species. Each trisomic type had a distinct phenotype. The primary trisomics were identified on the basis of plant and chromosome morphology. Although fertility (seed-set) and the frequency of transmission of the extra chromosome varied among selfed progenies of the various trisomics, each trisomic can be maintained. The trisomics occurred at a higher frequency in small seed fractions than in samples of large seeds. No straightforward relationship was apparent between chromosome length and trivalent formation but some association between trivalent formation and transmission rate was observed.Several qualitative and quantitative traits were compared between the primary telotri-somics, between these and the disomic and between opposite arm telotrisomics and their corresponding primary trisomic. It was concluded that the results are more compatible with dosage effects than with the gene balance theory.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE PRIMARY TRISOMICS OF LOTUS PEDUNCULATUS (LEGUMINOSAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Chang Chen ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Primary Trisomics ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Lagging Chromosome ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus

Trisomics have been developed in the diploid species Lotus pedunculatus Cav. (2n = 12) by means of a series of hybridizations. From the progeny of crosses of triploids to the diploid and selfing triploids, 126 (62.38%) diploids, 73 (36.14%) simple trisomics, 2 (0.99%) double trisomics and 1 (0.49%) telosomic trisomic were obtained. The simple trisomic plants were classified into five distinct morphological groups named Round, Broad, Pointed, Narrow and Small according to their distinguishing leaflet characters. Each group differed from the others and from the diploid in a number of qualitative and quantitative characters. These differences were considered to be the result of a change in the genic balance of the plants which was brought about by the addition of the extra chromosome to the complement. The extra chromosomes of Round, Broad, Pointed, Narrow and Small were identified as chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Although the frequency of cells with one trivalent varied within and between trisomic types, there was a positive correlation between length and trivalent formation. It is considered that longer chromosomes have a greater chance of forming chiasmata with more than one homologue than shorter ones. The frequency of lagging chromosomes at AI and/or TI was not correlated with the frequency of univalents at diakinesis. No particular trend was apparent as to which extra chromosome, when present as a lagging chromosome, tended to divide more frequently than another chromosome of the complement.

A comparison of the soluble seed proteins of certain Acer species

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1951-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore T. Ziegenfus ◽  
Roy B. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
High Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Low Protein

Seed proteins of seven taxa of Acer native to eastern North America were obtained by extraction in 2.5% saline buffer, pH 7.0. These were investigated using the techniques of polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and double diffusion. Groupings indicated by our protein data were compared with groupings by other researchers based on morphological data. The members of the section Saccharina, A. saccharum subsp. saccharum, A. s. subsp. nigrum and A. s. subsp. floridanum, were found to have close protein similarity. A. negundo, thought by several workers to be the most distinct of the maples, was found to have relatively high protein similarity with the members of the section Saccharina. A. rubrum and A. spicatum were shown to have the least protein similarity to the other taxa investigated. There is low protein similarity between these two taxa, however, indicating they are divergent. The traditional placement of A. rubrum and A. saccharinum in the same section was supported by the relatively high protein similarity of these taxa. Data obtained by serological techniques and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis were found to be complementary. However, polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis was more sensitive in detecting the protein differences among the taxa investigated.

scholarly journals PRIMARY TRISOMICS OF RICE: ORIGIN, MORPHOLOGY, CYTOLOGY AND USE IN LINKAGE MAPPING

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-163
Author(s):  
G S Khush ◽  
R J Singh ◽  
S C Sur ◽  
A L Librojo
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Primary Trisomics ◽  
Genetic Segregation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Distinguishing Features

ABSTRACT Twelve primary trisomics of Oryza sativa L. were isolated from the progenies of spontaneous triploids and were transferred by backcrossing to the genetic background of IR36, a widely grown high yielding rice variety. Eleven trisomics can be identified morphologically from one another and from diploids. However, triplo 11 is difficult to distinguish from diploid sibs.—The extra chromosome of each trisomic was identified cytologically at pachytene stage of meiosis, and the chromosomes were numbered according to their length at this stage. The major distinguishing features of each pachytene chromosome were redescribed.—The female transmission rates varied from 15.5% for triplo 1, the longest chromosome, to 43.9% for triplo 12, the shortest chromosome. Seven of the 12 primary trisomics transmitted the extra chromosome through the male. The low level of chromosomal imbalance tolerated by rice and other evidence are interpreted to indicate that this species is a basic diploid.—Genetic segregation for 22 marker genes in the trisomic progenies was studied. Of a possible 264 combinations, involving 22 genes and 12 trisomics, 120 were examined. Marker genes for each of the 12 chromosomes were identified. The results helped establish associations between linkage groups and cytologically identifiable chromosomes of rice for the first time. Relationships between various systems of numbering chromosomes, trisomics, linkage groups and marker genes are described, and a revised linkage map of rice is presented.

INCOMPLETE CONCURRENCE OF EVIDENCE FROM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS AND GENOME ANALYSIS REGARDING THE ORIGIN OF AEGILOPS OVATA

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Giles Waines ◽  
B. Lennart Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Genome Divergence

Electrophoresis of ethanol extracted, water soluble, seed proteins of many different biotypes of 3 diploid species of Aegilops and of the tetraploid A. ovata L. suggest that A. ovata may be descended from an allotetraploid of A. umbellulata Zhuk. and A. squarrosa L. This does not agree with the few published results of genome analysis, which suggest that A. umbellulata and A. comosa Sibth. &Smith are the ancestors of A. ovata. Hypotheses advanced to explain this incomplete concurrence of evidence from these two biosystematic methods include an insufficiency of samples, genome divergence, translocations followed by introgressive hybridization and genetic control of meitoic chromosome pairing.

scholarly journals Development and Applications of a Complete Set of Rice Telotrisomics

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Zhukuan Cheng ◽  
Huihuang Yan ◽  
Hengxiu Yu ◽  
Shuchu Tang ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Primary Trisomics ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Complete Set

Abstract We previously isolated a complete set of primary trisomics along with many other aneuploids from triploid plants derived from an indica rice variety “Zhongxian 3037.” About 30,000 progeny from these trisomic and aneuploid plants were grown each year from 1994 to 1999. The variants that differed morphologically from both the diploids and the original primary trisomics were collected for cytological identification. From these variants, a complete set of telotrisomics covering all 24 rice chromosome arms was obtained. The identities of the extra chromosomes were further confirmed by dosage analysis of the RFLP markers on extra chromosome arms. The telocentric nature of the extra chromosomes in these stocks was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a rice centromeric BAC clone as a marker probe. In general, the shorter the extra chromosome arm of a telotrisomic, the stronger the resemblance it bears to the diploid; the longer the extra chromosome arm, the stronger the resemblance to the corresponding primary trisomic. We demonstrated that DNA clones can be rapidly assigned to specific chromosome arms by dosage analysis with the telotrisomics. We also showed that telotrisomics are valuable tools for chromosome microdissection and for developing chromosome-specific DNA markers.

Meiotic behaviour of 11 primary trisomics in diploid potato and its consequences for the transmission of the extra chromosome

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wagenvoort
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Primary Trisomics ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
Metaphase I

Meiosis was studied in 11 primary trisomics (2n = 2x + 1 = 25) from diploid Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum Hawkes (2n = 2x = 24) and from interspecific Solanum hybrids. The three homologous chromosomes were associated in a trivalent in 90% of more than 175 pollen mother cells analysed at pachytene. Trivalents showing a two by two pairing and partner exchanges at pachytene along with incomplete triple synapsis were frequently observed. Foldback pairing, predominantly observed in the heterochromatic parts of the chromosomes, occurred in 28.3% of the trivalents. Nonhomologous association of chromosome segments was observed in 29.1% of the trivalents. Up to six telomeres were associated homologously in 46.2% of the trivalents. Genotypic differences with respect to trivalent formation at metaphase I occurred in almost all the trisomic types and was significant for the trisomics for chromosomes 4, 7, and 9. The coefficient of realization of a trivalent (CRT) at metaphase I in the 11 primary trisomics varied from 0.20 to 0.80, and was positively correlated with the absolute length of the extra chromosome (r = 0.61, p ≤ 0.05) and with the absolute, as well as the relative, length of the euchromatic segments of the extra chromosome (r = 0.70, p ≤ 0.05). There was no apparent relationship between the CRT and the distribution pattern at anaphase I or anaphase II. The rate of female transmission of the extra chromosome varied from 10.0 to 44.6% among different trisomics. For chromosomes 4, 7, and 9, this rate differed significantly among genotypes of the same trisomic.Key words: primary trisomics, meiosis, nonhomologous chromosome association, telomere pairing, triple synapsis, female transmission, Solanum.

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