QTL mapping of protein content and seed characteristics under water-stress conditions in sunflower

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ebrahimi ◽  
P. Maury ◽  
M. Berger ◽  
A. Calmon ◽  
P. Grieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Water Treatments

The purpose of this study was to identify genomic regions controlling seed protein content, kernel and hull weights, and seed density in water-stress conditions in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). The experiments consisted of a split-plot design (water treatment and recombinant inbred lines) with three blocks in two environments (greenhouse and field). High significant variation was observed between genotypes for all traits as well as for water treatment × genotype interaction. Several specific and nonspecific QTLs were detected for all traits under well-watered and water-stress conditions. Two SSR markers, ORS671_2 and HA2714, linked to protein content were identified that have no interaction with water treatments in greenhouse conditions. We also detected the E35M60_4 marker associated with kernel weight that had no interaction with water treatments. A specific QTL for protein content was detected with important phenotypic variance (17%) under water-stress conditions. Overlapping QTLs for protein content and seed density were identified in linkage group 15. This region probably has a peliotropic effect on protein content and seed density. QTLs for protein content colocated with grain weight traits were also identified.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Growth and Nutrition in Barley and Rye As Affected by Low-Water Treatment

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
RE Shapter
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Water Treatments

A comparative study of growth and nutrition in barley and rye was made with two water treatments. The low-water treatment was of an intermittent character and harvests were made after each of the five periods of water stress. Yield reductions due to low-water treatment were highly significant at all five harvests and for both species. The severity of the effects on various plant parts was conditioned by the stage of development of those parts.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of yield-related traits and mid-parent heterosis for those traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yi ◽  
Yinghong Liu ◽  
Xianbin Hou ◽  
Xiangge Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Hybrid Mapping ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract Background Utilization of heterosis in maize could be critical in maize breeding for boosting grain yield. However, the genetic architecture of heterosis is not fully understood. To dissect the genetic basis of yield-related traits and heterosis in maize, 301 recombinant inbred lines derived from 08 to 641 × YE478 and 298 hybrids from the immortalized F2 (IF2) population were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for nine yield-related traits and mid-parent heterosis. Results We observed 156 QTLs, 28 pairs of loci with epistatic interaction, and 10 significant QTL × environment interactions in the inbred and hybrid mapping populations. The high heterosis in F1 and IF2 populations for kernel weight per ear (KWPE), ear weight per ear (EWPE), and kernel number per row (KNPR) matched the high percentages of QTLs (over 50%) for those traits exhibiting overdominance, whereas a notable predominance of loci with dominance effects (more than 70%) was observed for traits that show low heterosis such as cob weight per ear (CWPE), rate of kernel production (RKP), ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), cob diameter, and row number (RN). The environmentally stable QTL qRKP3–2 was identified across two mapping populations, while qKWPE9, affecting the trait mean and the mid-parent heterosis (MPH) level, explained over 18% of phenotypic variations. Nine QTLs, qEWPE9–1, qEWPE10–1, qCWPE6, qEL8, qED2–2, qRN10–1, qKWPE9, qKWPE10–1, and qRKP4–3, accounted for over 10% of phenotypic variation. In addition, QTL mapping identified 95 QTLs that were gathered together and integrated into 33 QTL clusters on 10 chromosomes. Conclusions The results revealed that (1) the inheritance of yield-related traits and MPH in the heterotic pattern improved Reid (PA) × Tem-tropic I (PB) is trait-dependent; (2) a large proportion of loci showed dominance effects, whereas overdominance also contributed to MPH for KNPR, EWPE, and KWPE; (3) marker-assisted selection for markers at genomic regions 1.09–1.11, 2.04, 3.08–3.09, and 10.04–10.05 contributed to hybrid performance per se and heterosis and were repeatedly reported in previous studies using different heterotic patterns is recommended.

scholarly journals QTLs for resistance to soybean cyst nematode, races 3, 9, and 14 in cultivar Hartwig

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Gerardo Domingo Lucio Cervigni ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Ivan Schuster ◽  
Fernanda Abreu Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Genomic Regions

The objective of this work was to identify major and minor-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to races 3, 9, and 14 of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in Hartwig cultivar; to map new resistance QTLs for these races; and to check for the existence of epistatic interactions between QTLs. Cultivar Hartwig is an important resistance source to SCN. Recombinant inbred lines (RIL) obtained from a cross between 'Hartwig' (resistant) and Y23 (susceptible) were evaluated regarding resistance to the three races. New genomic regions for resistance to SCN were identified by microsatellites. Four QTLs, which explained between 12 and 34% of phenotypic variance, were detected for resistance to race 3 in linkage groups (LG) A2, G, J, and M. The QTL in LG G is also important for resistance to race 9. Epistatic interactions were detected between loci, which indicate resistance to races 9 and 14. There are high and low-effect resistance QTLs to SCN.

scholarly journals Dissection of Genetic Basis Underpinning Kernel Weight-Related Traits in Common Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Shunda Li ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Yaning Meng ◽  
Yuanfeng Hao ◽  
Hongxin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Potential Improvement

Genetic dissection kernel weight-related traits is of great significance for improving wheat yield potential. As one of the three major yield components of wheat, thousand kernel weight (TKW) was mainly affected by grain length (GL) and grain width (GW). To uncover the key loci for these traits, we carried out a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of an F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross of Henong 5290 (small grain) and 06Dn23 (big grain) with a 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 17 stable and big effect QTL, including 5 for TKW, 8 for GL and 4 for GW, were detected on the chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5A, 6A and 6D, respectively. Among these, there were two co-located loci for three traits that were mapped on the chromosome 4BS and 6AL. The QTL on 6AL was the most stable locus and explained 15.4–24.8%, 4.1–8.8% and 15.7–24.4% of TKW, GW and GL variance, respectively. In addition, two more major QTL of GL were located on chromosome arm 2BL and 2DL, accounting for 9.7–17.8% and 13.6–19.8% of phenotypic variance, respectively. In this study, we found one novel co-located QTL associated with GL and TKW in 2DL, QGl.haaf-2DL.2/QTkw.haaf-2DL.2, which could explain 13.6–19.8% and 9.8–10.7% phenotypic variance, respectively. Genetic regions and linked markers of these stable QTL will help to further refine mapping of the corresponding loci and marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding for wheat grain yield potential improvement.

Efficiency of water use by irrigated wheat in the Sudan

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. El Nadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Water Treatments

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted to study the differential responses of a wheat crop to water stress during different stages of its growth. Evidence was produced to show that both the flowering phase and the stage of grain filling and maturation were more sensitive to drought than the vegetative period of growth. Yield of wheat was not reduced when the crop suffered from cycles of water stress induced during the vegetative period, if the crop received favourable water regimes thereafter. Efficiency of water utilization from different water treatments was assessed. There was no relation between the protein and starch contents of the grain and the type of water treatment.The effects of different water treatments on crop development and on components of yield were studied.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Genomic Regions for Biofortification Traits Using an SNP Marker-Enriched Linkage Map in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalareddy Krishnappa ◽  
Nagenahalli Dharmegowda Rathan ◽  
Deepmala Sehgal ◽  
Arvind Kumar Ahlawat ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genomic Regions

Micronutrient and protein malnutrition is recognized among the major global health issues. Genetic biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to tackle malnutrition. Genomic regions governing grain iron concentration (GFeC), grain zinc concentration (GZnC), grain protein content (GPC), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were investigated in a set of 163 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between cultivated wheat variety WH542 and a synthetic derivative (Triticum dicoccon PI94624/Aegilops tauschii [409]//BCN). The RIL population was genotyped using 100 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) and 736 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and phenotyped in six environments. The constructed genetic map had a total genetic length of 7,057 cM. A total of 21 novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in 13 chromosomes representing all three genomes of wheat. The trait-wise highest number of QTL was identified for GPC (10 QTL), followed by GZnC (six QTL), GFeC (three QTL), and TKW (two QTL). Four novel stable QTL (QGFe.iari-7D.1, QGFe.iari-7D.2, QGPC.iari-7D.2, and QTkw.iari-7D) were identified in two or more environments. Two novel pleiotropic genomic regions falling between Xgwm350–AX-94958668 and Xwmc550–Xgwm350 in chromosome 7D harboring co-localized QTL governing two or more traits were also identified. The identified novel QTL, particularly stable and co-localized QTL, will be validated to estimate their effects on different genetic backgrounds for subsequent use in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Best QTL combinations were identified by the estimation of additive effects of the stable QTL for GFeC, GZnC, and GPC. A total of 11 RILs (eight for GZnC and three for GPC) having favorable QTL combinations identified in this study can be used as potential donors to develop bread wheat varieties with enhanced micronutrients and protein.

scholarly journals WATER STRESS ON DIFFERENT GROWING STAGES FOR QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa willd) AND ITS INFLEUNCE ON WATER REQUIRIMENTS AND YIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-966
Author(s):  
Salim & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Treatments

A factorial experiment was conducted within split-split plot design with three replicates. Four genotypes seeds (Regalona, Q-37, KVL-SR2, and Q21) were planted in the sub plots while six water treatments distributed in the main plots. They were ordinary river irrigation (S0), stress at emergence (S1), branching (S2), at ear formation (S3), at flowering (S4), and at maturity (S5). Irrigation water was applied in the normal irrigation when 50-60% of the available water was depleted and one irrigation was omitted from the water stress treatments. Reference and actual evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, yield, crop coefficient, and water use efficiency were calculated. Mean irrigation requirement for the four genotypes based on irrigation scheduling was 230.8 mm, decreased by 14 and 17% under stress conditions of the drought tolerant stages. Grain yield ranged between 3.1 and 5 Mg ha-1 for water stress treatments compared to 5.6 and 4.2 mg. ha-1 for normal irrigation treatments. Genotype Q21 gave the highest yield and differed significantly from others. Field water use efficiency ranged between 1.6 to 1.1 kg m-3 and crop water use efficiency 1.38 to 2.22 kg m-3. KVL-SR2 and Q21 showed the highest efficiency (1.87 kg m-3). Results indicated that the stage of ear formation and flowering are the most tolerant to water stress. On the other hand, the branching, and maturity were critical stages with high reduction in yield under stress conditions.  

Identification of QTLS for NH4+ and NO3- use efficiency under water stress and non-stress conditions and expression analysis of glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase in rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Rashmi Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Soils ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most critical inputs and the current average nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in the rice field is approximately 33%, poorest among cereals. Predominant form of N in aerobic soils is nitrate (NO3-) while ammonium (NH4+) exists in anaerobic soils. Development of cultivars with improved NH4+ or NO3- use efficiency by harnessing inherent significant variability for NUE can be an important approach. Considering these facts, the present study was established with one hundred twenty two and selected thirty two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of two indica genotypes, Danteshwari × Dagad deshi under three nitrogen forms and three environments. The trend analysis of NH4+-N and NO3--N dynamics revealed that NH4+-N concentration persisted more under anaerobic condition and NO3--N concentration under aerobic conditions. Three way-ANOVA showed high level of significance for variance components (G, N, E) and their interactions effects (GXN, GXE, NXE, EXNXG) for yield and NUE and their component traits. Mean performance of genotypes depicted higher values for agronomically important traits i.e. yield and NUE under NH4+ as compared to NO3--N and N0. The phenotypic and genotypic data was statistically analyzed for QTLs identification for yield and NUE traits. A total of 58 QTLs conferring the corresponding five traits were detected under three N forms and two environments. We also investigated the different members of AMT (Ammonium transporters), NRT (Nitrate transporters), GS (Glutamine Synthetase) and GOGAT (Glutamate Synthase) genes, involved in NUE and analyzed the expression pattern of each gene using gene-specific primer in young rice seedlings. Collectively, OsGln1;1, OsGln1;2, OsGln1;3, OsGln2, OsGlt1 and OsGlt2 manifested different and reciprocal responses to nitrate and ammonium supply. The activity of enzymes NR, NiR, GS and GOGAT was significantly affected by NH4+and NO3- treatment. These results assist us to identify NH4+ and NO3- responsive cultivars which could be used for cultivation and/or used as parent’s in future breeding program to produce better nitrogen use efficiency varieties under water stress and non-stress conditions.

A treatability index for reservoir water

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Ta ◽  
C. A. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Algal Concentration ◽  
Run Lengths ◽  
Water Treatments

A Treatability Index is developed to allow comparison of different reservoir waters according to their effects on a water treatments works. For the water treatment works which employs rapid gravity filters, the index is the product of the algal concentration, the clarification coefficients of algae and the filtration rate. The index is applied to reservoir waters within Thames Water area. Algae observed in reservoirs are grouped according to their shapes. Among these groups, twenty frequently observed species were selected and their clarification coefficients were measured. The treatability index was then evaluated for different waters and at different times of the year. The results were correlated to the filter run lengths and the development of headloss across the filters.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

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