Characterization and chromosomal organization of satellite DNA sequences in Picea abies

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sarri ◽  
S. Minelli ◽  
F. Panara ◽  
M. Morgante ◽  
I. Jurman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Genomic Dna Library ◽  
Chromosome Regions

Three clones containing satellite DNA sequences were selected from a randomly sheared genomic DNA library of Picea abies (clones PAF1, PAG004P22F (2F), and PAG004E03C (3C)). PAF1 contained 7 repeats that were 37–55 bp in length and had 68.9%–91.9% nucleotide sequence similarity. Two 2F repeats were 305–306 bp in length and had 83% sequence similarity. Two 3C repeats were 193–226 bp in length and had a sequence similarity of 78.6%. The copy number per 1C DNA of PAF1, 2F, and 3C repeats was 2.7 × 106, 2.9 × 105, and 2.9 × 104, respectively. In situ hybridization showed centromeric localization of these sequences in two chromosome pairs with PAF1, all pairs but one with 2F, and three pairs with 3C. Moreover, PAF1 sequences hybridized at secondary constrictions in six pairs, while 2F-related sequences were found at these chromosome regions only in four pairs. These hybridization patterns allow all chromosome pairs to be distinguished. PAF1-related repeats were contained in the intergenic spacer (IGS) of ribosomal cistrons in all six nucleolar organizers of the complement, while sequences related to 2F were found on only one side of the rDNA arrays in four pairs, showing structural diversity between rDNA regions of different chromosomes.

Identification and chromosomal location of a new tandemly repeated DNA in maize

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxian Chen ◽  
Huihuang Yan ◽  
Wenxue Zhai ◽  
Lihuang Zhu ◽  
Jingsan Sun
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
New Family ◽  
Genomic Dna Library ◽  
Tandemly Repeated Dna

Two clones of a new family of tandemly repeated DNA sequences have been isolated from a maize random genomic DNA library. MR68 is 410 bp, representing a monomeric unit and MR77 is 1222 bp, containing three units. The copy number was estimated to be about 3000 per 1C maize genome. Its methylation pattern was also determined. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicates that the sequence is located on the subtelomeric region of the long arm of chromosomes 3 and 6, as well as on the satellite of chromosome 6. Key words: Zea mays, tandemly repeated DNA, satellite DNA, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).

The molecular structure, chromosomal organization, and interspecies distribution of a family of tandemly repeated DNA sequences of Antirrhinum majus L.

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmidt ◽  
Jörg Kudla
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Tandemly Repeated Dna

Monomers of a major family of tandemly repeated DNA sequences of Antirrhinum majus have been cloned and characterized. The repeats are 163–167 bp long, contain on average 60% A + T residues, and are organized in head-to-tail orientation. According to site-specific methylation differences two subsets of repeating units can be distinguished. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that the repeats are localized at centromeric regions of six of the eight chromosome pairs of A. majus with substantial differences in array size. The monomeric unit shows no homologies to other plant satellite DNAs. The repeat exists in a similar copy number and conserved size in the genomes of six European species of the genus Antirrhinum. Tandemly repeated DNA sequences with homology to the cloned monomer were also found in the North American section Saerorhinum, indicating that this satellite DNA might be of ancient origin and was probably already present in the ancestral genome of both sections. Key words : Antirrhinum majus, satellite DNA, repetitive DNA, methylation, in situ hybridization.

Characterization of the chromosome complement of Helianthus annuus by in situ hybridization of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ceccarelli ◽  
V. Sarri ◽  
L. Natali ◽  
T. Giordani ◽  
A. Cavallini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Genomic Dna Library ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequence ◽  
Tandemly Repeated Dna Sequence

A tandemly repeated sequence isolated from a clone (HAG004N15) of a nebulized genomic DNA library of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., 2n = 34) was characterized and used to study the chromosome complement of sunflower. HAG004N15 repeat units (368 bp in length) were found to be highly methylated, and their copy number per haploid (1C) genome was estimated to be 7800. After in situ hybridization of HAG004N15 repeats onto chromosome spreads, signals were observed at the end of both chromosome arms in 4 pairs and at the end of only one arm in 8 other pairs. Signals were also observed at the intercalary (mostly subtelomeric) regions in all pairs, in both arms in 8 pairs, and in only one arm in the other 9 pairs. The short arm of 1 pair was labelled entirely. The chromosomal location of ribosomal DNA was also studied by hybridizing the wheat ribosomal probe pTa71. Four chromosome pairs contained ribosomal cistrons at the end of their shorter arm, but a satellite was seen in only 3 pairs. These hybridization patterns were the same in the 3 sunflower lines studied (HA89, RA20031, and HOR). The chromosomal localization of HAG004N15-related sequences allowed all of the chromosome pairs to be distinguished from each other, in spite of small size and similar morphology.

scholarly journals Insertional mutagenesis in Neurospora crassa: cloning and molecular analysis of the preg+ gene controlling the activity of the transcriptional activator NUC-1.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kang ◽  
R L Metzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Genomic Dna Library ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

Abstract The transcriptional activator NUC-1 controls the transcription of the genes for phosphorus acquisition enzymes, and its activity is regulated by the negative regulatory factors, PREG and PGOV In this report, we describe the cloning and molecular analysis of the preg+ gene. In Neurospora crassa, as in higher eukaryotes, transformation frequently results in nonhomologous integration of transforming DNA. Insertion of transforming DNA into host genes mutates the gene and provides a molecular tag for cloning it. We obtained two mutants that have an insertion in the preg+ and pgov+ genes, respectively, among 2 x 10(5) transformants. The preg+ gene was cloned by screening a Neurospora genomic DNA library with DNA sequences flanking the transforming DNA of the rescued plasmid. Northern analysis showed that the transcription of the preg+ gene is not regulated by phosphate. The carboxy-terminal half of PREG shows strong homology with Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO80 whose function is analogous to that of PREG. The pregc mutations are located in the well conserved residues which may directly interact with the residues in the regulatory domain of NUC-1.

Quantitative evolution of transposable and satellite DNA sequences in Picea species

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sarri ◽  
M. Ceccarelli ◽  
P.G. Cionini
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Distinct Sequence ◽  
Picea Species

Clones containing tandemly arranged repeats belonging to two distinct sequence families, (i) PAG004P22F (2F) and PAG004E03C (3C) or (ii) Ty3/gypsy- (8R; PAG004B08R) and Ty1/copia-like sequences (9R; PAG007F19R), were selected from a randomly sheared total genomic DNA library of Picea abies . The inserts were used as probes in dot-blot hybridizations to genomic DNA of P. abies, Picea orientalis , Picea pungens , and Picea pungens var. glauca. All these entities are diploid and share the same chromosome number (2n = 24), but the genome sizes differ largely. The redundancy (copy number per 1C DNA) of sequences related to each probe varied greatly between the genomes. No significant correlation was found between the genome size and the copy number of sequences in any family. The quantitative ratios varied greatly (in each genome) between the two families of satellite DNA, between the sequences that represented copia or gypsy retrotransposons, and between tandemly arranged sequences and retroelements as a whole, suggesting that there is no common factor that controls the quantitative evolution of repeats belonging to different sequence families during speciation in Picea.

Differential sensitivity of some human alphoid and classical satellite DNA regions from lymphocyte chromosomes to in situ exonuclease III digestion

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1210-1213
Author(s):  
José Luis Fernández ◽  
Carmen López-Fernández ◽  
Jaime Gosálvez ◽  
Vicente Goyanes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Exonuclease Iii ◽  
Human Cytogenetics ◽  
Structural Differences

Fluorescent in situ hybridization of alphoid and classical satellite III DNA sequences was performed on fixed chromosomes from human lymphocytes that were previously digested in situ with exonuclease III to produce single-stranded DNA motifs. Digital image analysis showed that while labeled alphoid satellite DNAs produced signals of similar strength to thermally denatured chromosomes, those of classical satellite III DNAs of chromosomes 9 and Yq were around 50% weaker. This result shows a differential sensitivity of these satellite DNA regions to in situ exonuclease III digestion and suggests structural differences in the higher-order organization of both subchromosomal constitutive heterochromatic regions. Key words : alphoid sequences, classical satellite, exonuclease III, FISH, human cytogenetics, satellite DNA.

scholarly journals Divergence, differential methylation and interspersion of melon satellite DNA sequences

1981 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Shmookler Reis ◽  
J N Timmis ◽  
J Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Main Band ◽  
Repeat Array ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Tandem Arrays

Melon (Cucumis melo) satellite DNA consists of two components, Q and S, each with a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.707 g/ml, but differing by 9 degrees C in “melting” temperature. These physical properties appear to be in contradiction, since both depend on G + C content. In order to resolve this anomaly, base compositions were directly determined for isolated fractions. the low-“melting” component S contains 41.8% G + C, with 6% of C present as 5-methylcytosine, whereas Q DNA contains 54% G + C, with 41% of C methylated. Analyses of restriction site loss agreed well with the direct determinations of methylation and divergence, and indicated some clustering of methylated sites in Q DNA. Analysis of restricted main-band DNA by hydridization with RNA complementary to Q satellite DNA (“Southern transfer”) showed satellite Q tandem arrays interspersed in DNA of main-band density. Sequence divergence and extent of methylation did not appear to depend on whether a repeat array was present as satellite or interspersed in main-band DNA. Hydridization in situ indicated considerable heterogeneity in the genomic proportion of the Q-DNA sequences in melon fruit nuclei, implying over- and under-representation consistent with extensive unequal recombination in satellite Q tandem arrays. The cucumber, Cucumis sativus, contains less than 8% as much Q-homologous DNA per genome as the melon, suggesting rapid evolutionary gain or loss of these tandem repeat sequences.

Distribution and complex organization of satellite DNA sequences in Aveneae species

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bärbel Grebenstein ◽  
Oliver Grebenstein ◽  
Wilhelm Sauer ◽  
Vera Hemleben
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Dna Components

Distribution, organization, and molecular analysis of four unrelated satellite DNA components in Aveneae species are described. Highly repeated DNA elements were cloned from Helictotrichon convolutum (CON1 and CON2) and Helictotrichon compression (COM1 and COM2). The lengths of the repeat monomers are 365 bp (CON1), 562 bp (CON2), 346 bp (COM1), and 476 bp (COM2). Similar repeats were detected by dot blots, Southern blots, and by DNA sequencing in other species of the genus Helictotrichon, in Aveneae species, and in species of the tribes Andropogoneae and Oryzeae. All four satellite DNAs are differently distributed in the taxonomic groups mentioned above. Remarkably, the longer elements are built up in a complex pattern of either shorter subrepeats arranged in tandem (COM2) or by duplications inserted into an original 369-bp element (CON2). Shorter representatives, 190 bp, similar to CON1 elements occur in Holcus species. In Koeleria species, COM1-related repeats are only 180 bp in length. No similarity was found among the sequences CON2, COM1, and COM2 or with sequences of other repetitive DNA elements of the grasses, but CON1 shows sequence similarity to an A genome specific repetitive DNA of Oryza (rice). Key words : genome evolution, grasses, Poaceae, repetitive DNA, wild oats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document