Differential sensitivity of some human alphoid and classical satellite DNA regions from lymphocyte chromosomes to in situ exonuclease III digestion

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1210-1213
Author(s):  
José Luis Fernández ◽  
Carmen López-Fernández ◽  
Jaime Gosálvez ◽  
Vicente Goyanes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Exonuclease Iii ◽  
Human Cytogenetics ◽  
Structural Differences

Fluorescent in situ hybridization of alphoid and classical satellite III DNA sequences was performed on fixed chromosomes from human lymphocytes that were previously digested in situ with exonuclease III to produce single-stranded DNA motifs. Digital image analysis showed that while labeled alphoid satellite DNAs produced signals of similar strength to thermally denatured chromosomes, those of classical satellite III DNAs of chromosomes 9 and Yq were around 50% weaker. This result shows a differential sensitivity of these satellite DNA regions to in situ exonuclease III digestion and suggests structural differences in the higher-order organization of both subchromosomal constitutive heterochromatic regions. Key words : alphoid sequences, classical satellite, exonuclease III, FISH, human cytogenetics, satellite DNA.

The molecular structure, chromosomal organization, and interspecies distribution of a family of tandemly repeated DNA sequences of Antirrhinum majus L.

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmidt ◽  
Jörg Kudla
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Tandemly Repeated Dna

Monomers of a major family of tandemly repeated DNA sequences of Antirrhinum majus have been cloned and characterized. The repeats are 163–167 bp long, contain on average 60% A + T residues, and are organized in head-to-tail orientation. According to site-specific methylation differences two subsets of repeating units can be distinguished. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that the repeats are localized at centromeric regions of six of the eight chromosome pairs of A. majus with substantial differences in array size. The monomeric unit shows no homologies to other plant satellite DNAs. The repeat exists in a similar copy number and conserved size in the genomes of six European species of the genus Antirrhinum. Tandemly repeated DNA sequences with homology to the cloned monomer were also found in the North American section Saerorhinum, indicating that this satellite DNA might be of ancient origin and was probably already present in the ancestral genome of both sections. Key words : Antirrhinum majus, satellite DNA, repetitive DNA, methylation, in situ hybridization.

Identification of the origin of centromeres in whole-arm translocations using fluorescent in situ hybridization with α-satellite DNA probes

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avirachan T. Tharapel ◽  
Mazin B. Qumsiyeh ◽  
Paula R. Martens ◽  
Sugandhi A. Tharapel ◽  
James D. Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Probes

scholarly journals Isolation of a Pericentromeric Satellite DNA Family in Chnootriba argus (Henosepilachna argus) with an Unusual Short Repeat Unit (TTAAAA) for Beetles

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Mora ◽  
Jesús Vela ◽  
Areli Ruiz-Mena ◽  
Teresa Palomeque ◽  
Pedro Lorite
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Repeat Units

Ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) are one of the largest groups of beetles. Among them, some species are of economic interest since they can act as a biological control for some agricultural pests whereas other species are phytophagous and can damage crops. Chnootriba argus (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) has large heterochromatic pericentromeric blocks on all chromosomes, including both sexual chromosomes. Classical digestion of total genomic DNA using restriction endonucleases failed to find the satellite DNA located on these heterochromatic regions. Cloning of C0t-1 DNA resulted in the isolation of a repetitive DNA with a repeat unit of six base pairs, TTAAAA. The amount of TTAAAA repeat in the C. argus genome was about 20%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and digestion of chromosomes with the endonuclease Tru9I revealed that this repetitive DNA could be considered as the putative pericentromeric satellite DNA (satDNA) in this species. The presence of this satellite DNA was tested in other species of the tribe Epilachnini and it is also present in Epilachna paenulata. In both species, the TTAAAA repeat seems to be the main satellite DNA and it is located on the pericentromeric region on all chromosomes. The size of this satDNA, which has only six base pairs is unusual in Coleoptera satellite DNAs, where satDNAs usually have repeat units of a much larger size. Southern hybridization and FISH proved that this satDNA is conserved in some Epilachnini species but not in others. This result is in concordance with the controversial phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Epilachnini, where the limits between genera are unclear.

Satellite DNA in Plants: More than Just Rubbish

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Garrido-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components

For decades, satellite DNAs have been the hidden part of genomes. Initially considered as junk DNA, there is currently an increasing appreciation of the functional significance of satellite DNA repeats and of their sequences. Satellite DNA families accumulate in the heterochromatin in different parts of the eukaryotic chromosomes, mainly in pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions, but they also span the functional centromere. Tandem repeat sequences may spread from subtelomeric to interstitial loci, leading to the formation of chromosome-specific loci or to the accumulation in equilocal sites in different chromosomes. They also appear as the main components of the heterochromatin in the sex-specific region of sex chromosomes. Satellite DNA, required for chromosome organization, also plays a role in pairing and segregation. Some satellite repeats are transcribed and can participate in the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin structure and in the modulation of gene expression. In addition to the identification of the different satellite DNA families, their characteristics and location, we are interested in determining their impact on the genomes, by identifying the mechanisms leading to their appearance and amplification as well as in understanding how they change over time, the factors affecting these changes, and the influence exerted by the evolutionary history of the organisms. On the other hand, satellite DNA sequences are rapidly evolving sequences that may cause reproductive barriers between organisms and promote speciation. The accumulation of experimental data collected in recent years and the emergence of new approaches based on next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genome analysis are opening new perspectives that are changing our understanding of satellite DNA. This review examines recent data to provide a timely update on the overall information gathered about this part of the genome, focusing on the advances in the knowledge of its origin, its evolution, and its potential functional roles.

Detection of an i(17q) chromosome by fluorescent in situ hybridization with a chromosome 17 alpha satellite DNA probe

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Nakagawa ◽  
Johji Inazawa ◽  
Shinichi Misawa ◽  
Shinji Tanaka ◽  
Teruyuki Takashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Alpha Satellite ◽  
Alpha Satellite Dna

Karyotype characterization of the lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens (Rafinesque 1817) by chromosome banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fontana ◽  
Ronald M Bruch ◽  
Fred P Binkowski ◽  
Massimo Lanfredi ◽  
Milvia Chicca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
C Banding

A karyotype analysis using several staining techniques was carried out on the North American lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens. The chromosome number was found to be 2n = 262 ± 6. A representative karyotype of 264 chromosomes was composed of 134 meta- and submetacentrics, 70 telo- and acrocentrics, and 60 microchromosomes. The constitutive heterochromatin, revealed by C banding, was localized in various positions on several chromosomes, including microchromosomes. The signals of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a HindIII satellite DNA probe were visible as centromeric heterochromatin blocks on 48 chromosomes. The telomeric repeat (TTAGGG)n detected by FISH was localized at both ends of all chromosomes and two chromosomes were entirely marked. Fluorescent staining with GC-specific chromomycin A3 showed recognizable fluorescent regions, whereas a more uniform base composition was revealed by the AT-specific 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). After silver staining, the active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were detected on 12 chromosomes. FISH with the 5S probe showed four signals on four small chromosomes. Our data suggest that A. fulvescens is a tetraploid species.Key words: karyotype, C banding, telomeric sequence, fluorochrome staining, satellite DNA, 5S rDNA.

scholarly journals Sequence Analysis and FISH Mapping of Four Satellite DNA Families among Cervidae

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Miluse Vozdova ◽  
Svatava Kubickova ◽  
Halina Cernohorska ◽  
Jan Fröhlich ◽  
Natália Martínková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Satellite Dnas

Centromeric and pericentromeric chromosome regions are occupied by satellite DNA. Satellite DNAs play essential roles in chromosome segregation, and, thanks to their extensive sequence variability, to some extent, they can also be used as phylogenetic markers. In this paper, we isolated and sequenced satellite DNA I-IV in 11 species of Cervidae. The obtained satellite DNA sequences and their chromosomal distribution were compared among the analysed representatives of cervid subfamilies Cervinae and Capreolinae. Only satI and satII sequences are probably present in all analysed species with high abundance. On the other hand, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with satIII and satIV probes showed signals only in a part of the analysed species, indicating interspecies copy number variations. Several indices, including FISH patterns, the high guanine and cytosine (GC) content, and the presence of centromere protein B (CENP-B) binding motif, suggest that the satII DNA may represent the most important satellite DNA family that might be involved in the centromeric function in Cervidae. The absence or low intensity of satellite DNA FISH signals on biarmed chromosomes probably reflects the evolutionary reduction of heterochromatin following the formation of chromosome fusions. The phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of the satellite I-IV DNA relationships generally support the present cervid taxonomy.

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